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Fig. 3 in A new freshwater basal eucryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Spain
Fig. 3. Ventral view of the eucryptodiran turtle Hoyasemys jimenezi gen. et sp. nov. (MCCM−LH 84) from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain. Photograph (A) and explanatory drawing (B).
FIG. 1 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 1. — Map showing the location of the Serra do Veadinho fossil-area, East of Uberaba, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Scale bar: 20 km.
FIG. 8 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 8. — Pelvic girdle and hind limb elements of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252); A-D, left pelvic girdle; A, lateral aspect; B, medial aspect; C, cranial aspect; D, outline of iliac articulation to the carapace, dorsal aspect, arrow points cranially; E, right ischium, medial aspect; F-J, right femur; F, dorsal aspect; G, ventral aspect; H, caudal aspect; I, cranial aspect; J, proximal aspect; K-N, left tibia; K, dorsal aspect; L, ventral aspect; M, lateral aspect; N, medial aspect; O, P, left fibula; O, dorsal aspect; P, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. 5 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 5. — Reconstruction of the carapace of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252), dorsal aspect. Abbreviations: axi, axillary process; cos, costal plate; ia, iliac articulation; ing, ingunal process; mar, marginal scute; neu, neural plate; nuc, nuchal plate; per, peripheral plate; ple, pleural scute; ver, vertebral scute. Hatched areas indicate structures on the inner side of the carapace. Non-preserved parts in gray. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. 2 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 2. — Cervicovertebral elements of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252), possibly from the same vertebra; A, centrum, ventral aspect; B, centrum and neural arch, right lateral aspect; C, neural arch, dorsal aspect; D-G, reconstruction of cervical vertebra; D, ventral aspect; E, dorsal aspect; F, right lateral aspect; G, cranial aspect. Non-preserved parts in gray. Scale bar: 15 mm.
FIG. 4 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 4. — Partial carapace of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252), visceral aspect. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. 7 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 7. — Pectoral girdle and forelimb elements of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252); A, B, right scapula; A, cranial aspect; B, caudal aspect; C, D, right coracoid; C, dorsal aspect; D, ventral aspect; E-I, right humerus; E, dorsal aspect; F, ventral aspect; G, caudal aspect; H, cranial aspect; I, proximal aspect; J, K, left radius; J, ventral aspect; K, lateral aspect; L, right radius, ventral aspect; M-P, right ulna; M, dorsal aspect; N, ventral aspect; O, medial aspect; P, lateral aspect. Non-preserved parts indicated by stippled lines. Scale bar: 20 mm.
FIG. 6. — A-E in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 6. — A-E, plastral elements of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252); A, B, right mesoplastron; A, ventral aspect; B, visceral aspect; C, D, right xifiplastron; C, ventral aspect; D, visceral aspect; E, composite reconstruction of the xiphiplastra in ventral and visceral aspects; F, right xifiplastron of cf. Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0290) in visceral aspect. Scale bars: 20 mm.
FIG. 3 in A new freshwater turtle (Reptilia, Pleurodira, Podocnemidae) from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIG. 3. — Partial carapace of Cambaremys langertoni n. gen., n. sp. (CPP-0252), dorsal aspect. Scale bar: 20 mm.
Data from: Seasonality and growth in tropical freshwater ectotherm vertebrates: results from one-year experimentation in the African grey bichir, giraffe catfish, and the West African mud turtle
<p>Growth in ectotherm vertebrates is strongly rhythmed by seasonal variation in environmental parameters. To track the seasonal variation in ancient times in a continental and tropical context, we aim to develop a method based on the use of the growth rate of fossil ectotherm vertebrates (actinopterygians and chelonians) influenced by seasonal environmental fluctuations they experienced in their lifetime. However, the impact of environmental parameters on growth, positive or negative, and its intensity, depends on the taxa considered and data are scarce for tropical species. For one year, an experiment was conducted to better understand the effect of seasonal variation in environmental parameters (food abundance, temperature, and photoperiod) on the somatic growth rate of three species of tropical freshwater ectotherm vertebrates: the fishes <em>Polypterus senegalus</em> and <em>Auchenoglanis occidentalis</em> and the turtle <em>Pelusios castaneus</em>. Mimicking seasonal shifts expected to be experienced by the animals in the wild, the experiment highlighted the preponderant effect of food abundance on the growth rate of those three species. Water temperature variation had a significant effect on the growth rate of <em>Po. senegalus</em> and <em>Pe. castaneus</em>. Moreover, the photoperiod demonstrated no significant effect on the growth of the three species. The duration of application of starvation or cool water conditions, ranging from 1 to 3 months, did not affect the growth rate of the animals. However, <em>Pe. castaneus</em> showed a temporary sensitivity to the return of ad libitum feeding or of warm water, after a period of starvation or cool water, by a period of compensatory growth. Finally, this experiment revealed, in the three species, fluctuations in the growth rate under controlled and constant conditions. This variation, similar to the variation in precipitation and temperature observed in their native environment, could be linked to a strong effect of an internal rhythm controlling somatic growth rate.</p>
Activity of a freshwater turtle varies across a latitudinal gradient: implications for the success of assisted colonisation
<p>The value of assisted colonisation as a response to climate change can only be realised if focal species are well suited to their new habitats. For ectotherms, new habitats must offer microclimates that promote crucial behaviours such as thermoregulation and foraging.</p> <p>The Western Swamp Turtle (Pseudemydura umbrina), a Critically Endangered species from southwestern Australia, serves as a global case-study of assisted colonisation in action. Initial trials where juvenile P. umbrina were released into wetter and cooler climates found that individuals spent considerable time at body temperatures that apparently limited their growth.</p> <p>Using high-resolution biologging data (temperature and depth), here we tested if turtle activity is thermally constrained in cooler latitudes by releasing 48 juveniles into seasonal swamps at three sites. One site was core natural habitat, and the other sites were wetlands 380 km apart that offered either warmer or cooler microclimates. Generalised additive mixed models were used to evaluate behaviours and time spent at optimal temperatures for approximately one month following release, and growth rates were measured and analysed after release until the end of the hydroperiod 4-5 months later.</p> <p>We found that turtles released into the most poleward (southern) wetland spent significantly less time active and basking and grew significantly less compared to turtles released further north. When analysed together, behavioural and growth datasets showed that activity was positively correlated with growth rates.</p> <p>We conclude that poor growth of turtles in the southern wetland was likely a result of lower body temperatures, stemming from a reduced ability to thermoregulate in water. Consequently, for assisted colonisation of P. umbrina to be successful, recipient wetlands must offer aquatic microclimates that are sufficiently warm to promote foraging activity that leads to growth, and ultimately to maturation.</p>
Data from: Nocturnal basking in freshwater turtles: a global assessment
<p>Diurnal basking ("sunning") is common in many ectotherms and is generally thought to be a behavioural mechanism for thermoregulation. Recent studies have reported the occurrence of nocturnal basking in a few distantly-related species of freshwater turtles, but the true extent of this behaviour is unknown, and it may be underreported due to sampling biases (e.g., not surveying for turtles at night). Therefore, we initiated a global, collaborative effort to systematically document and quantify basking activity (diurnal and nocturnal) across a wide range of freshwater turtle species and locations. We conducted camera trap or manual surveys in North America, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Seychelles, and Australia. We collected 873,111 trail camera photographs (25,273 hrs of search effort) and obtained data on 29 freshwater turtle species from seven families. Nocturnal basking was documented in 13 species, representing six families (Chelidae, Emydidae, Geoemydidae, Kinosternidae, Pelomedusidae, and Trionychidae), including representatives in Central America, Trinidad and Tobago, Africa, the Seychelles, Asia, and Australia. Nocturnal basking was restricted to tropical and sub-tropical locations, suggesting that environmental temperature plays a role in this behaviour. However, the primary factors driving nocturnal basking are yet to be determined and may vary geographically and by species. The frequency and duration of nocturnal basking varied among species and seasons, but nocturnal basking events were often substantially longer than diurnal events. This is the first study to document a widespread occurrence of nocturnal basking, and our results suggest that nocturnal basking may be a common, although overlooked, aspect of many species' ecology.</p>
Data from: Seasonality and growth in tropical freshwater ectotherm vertebrates: results from one-year experimentation in the African grey bichir, giraffe catfish, and the West African mud turtle
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Data and code supporting acoustic and environmental factors driving digging behavior in the early life of a freshwater turtle
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Activity of a freshwater turtle varies across a latitudinal gradient: implications for the success of assisted colonisation
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Data from: Nocturnal basking in freshwater turtles: a global assessment
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Data from: The latest freshwater giants: a new Peltocephalus (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) turtle from the Late Pleistocene of the Brazilian Amazon
<p>Overkill of large mammals is recognised as a key driver of Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in the Americas and Australia. While this phenomenon primarily affected mega-mammals, its impact on large Quaternary reptiles has been debated. Freshwater turtles, due to the scarcity of giant forms in the Quaternary record, have been largely neglected in such discussions. Here we present a new giant podocnemidid turtle, <em>Peltocephalus maturin</em> sp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene Rio Madeira Formation in the Brazilian Amazon, that challenges this assumption. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the holotype, a massive partial lower jaw, reveal close affinities to extant Amazonian species and suggests an omnivorous diet. Body size regressions indicate <em>Pe. maturin</em> possibly reached about 180 cm in carapace length and is amongst the largest freshwater turtles ever found. This finding presents the latest known occurrence of giant freshwater turtles, hinting at coexistence with early human inhabitants in the Amazon.</p>
Data from: Maternal diet influences fecundity in a freshwater turtle undergoing population decline
<p>Food availability determines the amount of energy animals can acquire and allocate to reproduction and other necessary functions. Female animals that are food-limited thus experience reduced energy available for reproduction. When this occurs, females may reduce frequency of reproductive events or the number or size of offspring per reproductive bout. We assessed how maternal diet affects reproductive output in adult female Murray River short-necked turtles, <em>Emydura macquarii,</em> from four wetlands in Victoria. We previously found that turtle diets differ in the composition of plants and animals between our study wetlands. In this study, we tested whether differences in turtle diet composition (i.e plants and animals) at these wetlands were associated with differences in clutch mass, individual egg mass, bulk egg composition, and hatching success. We found total clutch mass increased with maternal body size at each site. At sites where filamentous green algae were scarce and <em>E. macquarii</em> were carnivorous, females produced smaller clutches relative to body size compared to females from sites where algae were abundant, and turtles were more herbivorous. Individual egg mass, bulk egg composition, and hatching success did not differ across wetlands. Isotopic analysis revealed a significant positive relationships between the carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N) of the eggs and those of the mothers, indicating that mothers allocated ratios of carbon and nitrogen isotopes to their eggs similar to those present in their tissues. Our study suggests that at sites where females are more carnivorous due to a relative absence of algae, females produce smaller clutches but other aspects of their reproduction are not significantly impacted. The reduction in clutch size associated with differences in the availability of dietary plants and animals may have long-term consequences for <em>E. macquarii</em> and other freshwater turtle species that are experiencing population declines.</p>
Figure 2 in A new record of the freshwater turtle Mauremys rivulata (Valenciennes, 1833) in the Ofkos river, Cyprus: Conservation actions required
Figure 2. Ponds where fresh water turtles were trapped.
Data from: Integrating ecological niche and hydrological connectivity models to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle
<p>We built this dataset to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on the distribution of an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle with very unique ecological requirements, the Williams' side-necked turtle (<em>Phrynops</em> <em>williamsi</em>). To prevent and mitigate impacts, we prioritized sites for species conservation by classifying planned HPP locations according to their predicted adverse effects on species distribution. The dataset has two files: i) species occurrence records and ii) hydropower plant data. The first dataset was fully built by the authors and the second was modified from the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) georeferenced data system.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.