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51 results for “Frugivory”
Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions
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Data from: Trophic strategies of two sympatric endemic pigeons in insular ecosystems: a framework for understanding spatiotemporal frugivory interactions
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Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
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Data from: The effects of human-altered habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal: a global meta-analysis
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Data from: Frugivory by three species of lizards in Madagascar: Implication for their ecological roles as seed dispersers
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ANDEAN frugivory: data on plant–bird interactions and functional traits of plant and bird species from montane forests along the Andes
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Data from: Which frugivory‐related traits facilitated historical long‐distance dispersal in the custard apple family (Annonaceae)?
Aim Long-distance dispersal has contributed to the disjunct biogeographical distribution of rain forest plants – something that has fascinated biogeographers since Humboldt's time. However, the dispersal 'agent' for these tropical plant lineages remains puzzling. Here, we investigate which frugivory-related traits may have facilitated past intercontinental long-distance dispersal in the custard apple family (Annonaceae), a major vertebrate-dispersed tropical plant family. We hypothesize that long-distance dispersal was associated with the evolution of traits related to dispersal by large-bodied mammals (e.g. large, dull-coloured, 'megafaunal' fruits) and strong-flying, ocean-crossing birds and bats (e.g. dehiscent, moniliform or cauliflorous fruits). Location Global Taxon Annonaceae Methods We used a fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework to infer the biogeographic history of 234 Annonaceae species (10%, covering nearly all genera) in relation to the evolution of 15 frugivory-related traits, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Furthermore, we used linear and generalized linear models and phylogenetic simulations to test whether ancestral fruit traits during intercontinental dispersal were different from those of other lineages not involved in long-distance dispersal. Results We inferred the ancestral Annonaceae fruits to be small with a single or few small seeds and a small number of fruitlets. These fruits were most probably apocarpous, indehiscent and/or moniliform (i.e. long beads of fruitlets). Furthermore, most of the long-distance dispersal events in Annonaceae occurred via the expanded tropical forests in the Early Cenozoic ('geodispersal'), and were significantly associated with large (c. 3 cm long), dull-coloured fruits, and short stipes. Additionally, long-distance dispersal was also facilitated by dehiscent, moniliform and non-cauliflorous fruits. Main conclusions We suggest that the evolution of frugivory-related traits associated with dispersal by frugivores that frequently move across large distances and/or barriers, such as large-bodied mammals and strong-flying birds, has contributed to the disjunct tropical biogeographical distribution of Annonaceae, and probably of tropical rain forest plants more generally.
Data from: The role of frugivory in plant diversity maintenance- a simulation approach
Frugivores may play a key role in plant species coexistence by equalizing the species' representation in the seed rain. Rare species may benefit from enhanced dispersal if frugivores prefer locally scarce fruits, or if rare plants are found in neighborhoods of high fruit density. Using a simulation model of frugivorous birds foraging on landscapes we tested if increased diversity in the seed rain could emerge from rare-biased fruit selection, from the spatial configuration of plants, or both. In the absence of rare-biased fruit selection, frugivores were not able to increase the diversity of the seed rain in any of our simulated landscapes. In contrast, when frugivores were attracted to locally scarce fruits, we found increased diversity in the seed rain whenever frugivore mobility across the landscape was high and plant species were well-mixed in the fruiting neighborhoods. Irrespectively of the behavioral mechanism involved, landscape fragmentation lead to losses in diversity and species richness of simulated communities. In all simulations, density-dependent mortality of dispersed seeds increased diversity in the community of seedlings. However, landscape homogenization at the scale of frugivores movements decreased the magnitude of this diversification effect. In summary, our study shows that frugivory has the potential to increase diversity in the seed rain when frugivores display rare-biased fruit choices, provided that rare and common plants form heterogeneous neighborhoods. They also show that fragmentation is a major threat for diversity maintenance in the early-regenerating community. Finally, they show that rarity confers advantages during regeneration only if it occurs at the scale of frugivores' foraging decisions.
Data from: Frugivory-related traits promote speciation of tropical palms
Animal-mediated seed dispersal by frugivorous birds and mammals is central to the ecology and functioning of ecosystems, but whether and how frugivory-related traits have affected plant speciation remains little explored. Fruit size is directly linked to plant dispersal capacity and therefore influences gene flow and genetic divergence of plant populations. Using a global species-level phylogeny with comprehensive data on fruit sizes and plant species distributions, we test whether fruit size has affected speciation rates of palms (Arecaceae), a plant family characteristic of tropical rainforests. Globally, the results reveal that palms with small fruit sizes have increased speciation rates compared with those with large (megafaunal) fruits. Speciation of small-fruited palms is particularly high in the understory of tropical rainforests in the New World, and on islands in the Old World. This suggests that frugivory-related traits in combination with geography and the movement behaviour of frugivores can influence the speciation of fleshy-fruited plants.
Persistence of seed dispersal in agroecosystems: effects of landscape modification and intensive soil management practices in avian frugivores, frugivory and seed deposition in olive croplands
<p>Farming impacts on animal-mediated seed dispersal through mechanisms operating at least at two spatial scales: first, at the landscape scale, through habitat loss and land conversion to agriculture/livestock grazing, and second, by local intensification (farm scale) of the agricultural practices. Nonetheless, these two scales of farming impact on the seed dispersal function have been rarely integrated. In particular, studies evaluating the effect of agriculture in the seed dispersal function of frugivorous birds in Mediterranean ecosystems are lacking. We evaluate the role of the landscape transformation, from fruit-rich woodland habitats to olive grove landscapes, together with the local intensive practices of soil management on the persistence of the seed dispersal function for Mediterranean fleshy-fruited plants in olive landscapes of south Spain.</p> <p>We used bird censuses, mist-nets and seed traps to characterize avian frugivore assemblages, frugivory, and seed deposition in seminatural woodland habitat (SNWH) patches and olive fields of 40 olives farms of 20 localities distributed across the whole range of olive cultivation in Andalusia (southern Spain).</p> <p>We found that despite of a still remarkable dispersal function in olive grove landscapes, avian frugivore abundance and diversity, frugivory, and seed arrival decreased in olive fields compared to SNWH patches. Likewise, SNWH cover loss and/or olive growing expansion decreased avian frugivory and seed arrival. Interestingly, habitat effects in the olive farms often depended on the landscape context. In particular, less diverse fruit-eating bird assemblages pooled in SNWH patches as olive grove cover increased or SNWH decreased in the landscape, while remained relatively invariant in the olive fields. Finally, compared to conventional intensive agriculture, low-intensity management increased frugivory and seed deposition.</p> <p>We conclude that olive fields are less permeable to frugivores than expected by its agroforest-like nature, and that presence of SNWH patches is crucial for the maintenance of frugivory and seed dispersal in agricultural landscapes. Results evidence that woodland habitat loss by olive expansion and the intensive practices seriously threaten the dispersal service in olive-dominated landscapes. Maintenance, restoration and promotion of woodland patches should be prioritized for the conservation of the seed dispersal service and for enhancing the functional connectivity in human-shaped olive landscapes.</p>
Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects
<p><span>Seed dispersal is a fundamental process that is highly threatened by the rapid decline of large-bodied frugivores worldwide. The Brazilian Cerrado, the largest savanna in the world, represents an ideal site for investigating seed dispersal because of its biodiversity, environmental challenges, and knowledge shortfalls. We performed a Systematic Literature Review to analyze the seed dispersal network in the Cerrado and the potential impacts of the defaunation of large-bodied frugivores on it. We considered network metrics, calculated the defaunation index of the frugivore assemblage, and compared traits among different fruit-sized plants and their respective dispersers in the network. We retrieved 1,565 interactions involving 193 plant species and 270 animal species. Results show that the Cerrado seed dispersal network is slightly nested and considerably modular, dominated by small to medium-sized generalist species, such as passerines, marsupials, and mesocarnivores. Nonetheless, large-bodied frugivores like the lowland tapir have a key role in the network due to their great foraging and network integration capacity. The Cerrado frugivore assemblage is moderately defaunated, with possible effects in its interactions with large-fruited plants. The Cerrado's defaunation and functional loss of large vertebrates deserve urgent attention to further understand the impacts on seed dispersal mechanisms and ecosystem functioning.</span></p>
Data from: Exploring the interaction of avian frugivory and plant spatial heterogeneity and its effect on seed dispersal kernels using a simulation model
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Data from: Patterns of frugivory in the columnar cactus Pilosocereus leucocephalus
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Data from: Which frugivory‐related traits facilitated historical long‐distance dispersal in the custard apple family (Annonaceae)?
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Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects
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Data from: Complementary food resources of carnivory and frugivory affect local abundance of an omnivorous carnivore
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Data from: Frugivory-related traits promote speciation of tropical palms
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Data from: The role of frugivory in plant diversity maintenance- a simulation approach
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Persistence of seed dispersal in agroecosystems: effects of landscape modification and intensive soil management practices in avian frugivores, frugivory and seed deposition in olive croplands
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Data from: Who dispersed the seeds? The use of DNA barcoding in frugivory and seed dispersal studies
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