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608 results for “Heat stress”
Improving wheat yield prediction using secondary traits and high-density phenotyping under heat stressed environments
<p>A primary selection target for wheat (Triticum aestivum) improvement is grain yield. However, the selection for yield is limited by the extent of field trials, fluctuating environments, and the time needed to obtain multiyear assessments. Secondary traits such as spectral reflectance and canopy temperature (CT), which can be rapidly measured many times throughout the growing season, are frequently correlated with grain yield and could be used for indirect selection in large populations particularly in earlier generations in the breeding cycle prior to replicated yield testing. While proximal sensing data collection is increasingly implemented with high-throughput platforms that provide powerful and affordable information, efficient and effective use of these data is challenging. The objective of this study was to monitor wheat growth and predict grain yield in wheat breeding trials using high-density proximal sensing measurements under extreme terminal heat stress that is common in Bangladesh. Over five growing seasons, we analyzed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and CT measurements collected in elite breeding lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh. We explored several variable reduction and regularization techniques followed by using the combined secondary traits to predict grain yield. Across years, grain yield heritability ranged from 0.30 to 0.72, with variable secondary trait heritability (0.0–0.6), while the correlation between grain yield and secondary traits ranged from−0.5 to 0.5. The prediction accuracy was calculated by a cross-fold validation approach as the correlation between observed and predicted grain yield using univariate and multivariate models. We found that the multivariate models resulted in higher prediction accuracies for grain yield than the univariate models. Stepwise regression performed equal to, or better than, other models in predicting grain yield. When incorporating all secondary traits into the models, we obtained high prediction accuracies (0.58–0.68) across the five growing seasons. Our results show that the optimized phenotypic prediction models can leverage secondary traits to deliver accurate predictions of wheat grain yield, allowing breeding programs to make more robust and rapid selections.</p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
Photophysiology and molecular responses of the soft coral Sarcophyton cf glaucum exposed to heat and high light stress
<p>An experiment testing different temperatures (26 vs 32 ºC) and light intensities (high light HL and low light LL, ∼662 and 253 µmol photons m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) was carried out using the soft coral <em>Sarcophyton</em> cf <em>glaucum</em> (leather coral) as model species.</p> <p>In summary, corals were exposed to the different light intensities for 30 days (Photoacclimation, time-point 1) and a subsequent marine heatwave simulation was carried out for 10 days (Marine heatwave, time-point 2). Subsequently, corals were returned to control temperature and allowed to recover for 30 days (Recovery, time-point 3). Photophysiological performance (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), a measure of photosynthetic activity; dark-level fluorescence (F<sub>0</sub>), as a proxy of chlorophyll <em>a</em> content; and zooxanthellae density) and stress biomarkers (total protein, catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD, glutathione-S-transferase - GST, total antioxidant capacity - TAC, lipid peroxidation - LPO, ubiquitin - UBI, and heat shock protein 70 - Hsp70) were assessed in corals at these three time-points.</p>
Acute stress and restricted diet reduce bill-mediated heat dissipation in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia): Implications for optimal thermoregulation
<p>We used thermal imaging to show that two environmental factors—acute stress and diet—influence thermoregulatory performance of a known thermal window, the avian bill. The bill plays important roles in thermoregulation and water balance. Given that heat loss through the bill is adjustable through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, and acute stress can cause vasoconstriction in peripheral body surfaces, we hypothesized that stress may influence the bill's role as a thermal window. We further hypothesized that diet influences heat dissipation from the bill given that body condition influences the surface temperature of another body region (the eye region). We measured the surface temperature of the bills of song sparrows (<em>Melospiza</em> <em>melodia</em>) before, during, and after handling by an observer at 37°C ambient temperature. We fed five birds a restricted diet intended to maintain bodyweights typical of wild birds, and we fed six birds an unrestricted diet for five months prior to experiments. Acute stress caused a decrease in the surface temperature of the bill, resulting in a 32.4% decrease in heat dissipation immediately following acute stress, before recovering over approximately 2.3 minutes. The initial reduction and subsequent recovery provide partial support for the haemoprotective and thermoprotective hypotheses, which predict a reduction or increase in peripheral blood flow, respectively. Birds with unrestricted diets had larger bills and dissipated more heat, indicating that diet and body condition influence bill-mediated heat dissipation and thermoregulation. These results indicate that stress-induced vascular changes and diet can influence mechanisms of heat loss and potentially inhibit optimal thermoregulation.</p>
Dataset: A quantitative 1H NMR approach for evaluating the metabolic response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to mild heat stress
<p>In this study, the effect of growth temperature on the yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>) metabolome has been analyzed by one-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H NMR).</p> <p>Yeast cells were grown either at 30 or 37°C. A non-targeted chemometric evaluation of the spectra was performed in order to detect potential biomarkers. Moreover, an exhaustive assignment for most of the detected NMR signals was carried out, corresponding to 38 identified metabolites. Resonances from these identified metabolites were integrated, and univariate and multivariate data analyses were applied on the matrices of these relative concentrations. Observed changes in metabolite concentrations were consistent with the expected process of temperature acclimation, showing alterations in amino acid cellular pools, nucleotide metabolism and lipid composition.</p>
GWAS analysis for tolerance to heat stress and milk production, in subtropical Egyptian goats
<p>The conservation of local Egyptian goat genotypes has been a national program since 2009. Our study investigated different subtropical Egyptian goat populations (367 does) from different harsh ecological zones(hot Upper Egypt, Coastal Zone of Western Desert, and Wahati Desert Oasis) to identify genes associated with heat stress. We examined the physiological response of animals that were exposed to simulated summer grazing conditions, and physiological parameters including respiration rate, gas volume, rectal temperature, and skin temperature. Temperature Humidity Index ranged from 98.6 to 109.3, indicating that the animals were under severe heat stress. Results showed significant differences between the populations in their tolerance to heat stress, with Saidi goats being the most adapted to hot-dry conditions. Respiration rate was found to be the most reliable physiological trait for differentiating between animals in their tolerance to heat stress. The GWAS analysis involved 157 genotypes and 54,032 marker-SNPs, revealing 90 SNPs associated with heat stress and 70 SNPs associated with milk production. Chromosome 1 had the highest number of SNPs associated with heat-stress traits, while chromosome 4 exhibited the largest number of significant SNPs associated with milk production. Several genes were associated with heat stress response and tolerance in goats. These genes were categorized into three main groups: heat stress response, stress response, and reproduction, and feed intake. The first group includes USP54, KDM6A, and ETNPPL, which have multiple functions, such as steroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and stress response, and are also involved in key biological processes such as reproduction, immune response, and metabolism. The second group, which is mostly associated with immune response, includes GLTSCR2 and NAALADL2. Finally, a group of genes that may control animal feed intakes, including TRPM3 and ZBTB8A. Additionally, several genes, such as FHIT, GALNT18, RAPGEF5, and RBFOX1, linked to milk production, are known to be linked fertility, and fatty acid composition. These findings provide insights into the potential roles of these genes in heat stress response and tolerance in goats, and the genetic basis for improved milk production and animal welfare and can be used as selection markers in the ongoing breeding programs.</p>
Standard heat stress indices may not be appropriate for assessing marathons
<p>Code and data supporting the manuscript "Standard heat stress indices may not be appropriate for assessing marathons".</p> <p>These scripts rely on some of the data being present in a certain location. But to reproduce this based on the included data, you need only run pet_calculations.py as all the data area in comrades.nc</p> <p>The order in which the scripts were run was:</p> <p>1. get_utci.py - downloads ERA5-HEAT data<br> 2. unzip_era5_heat.sh - unzips that data<br> 3. query.py - subsets ERA5-HEAT data, and ERA5 data from CEDA<br> 4. pet_calculations.py - calculations and analysis</p> <p>pet_calculations.ipynb shows the results of pet_calculations.py in notebook form.</p>
Cooling Vest May Reduce Heat Stress During Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04511208. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Free‐living and symbiotic lifestyles of a thermotolerant coral endosymbiont display profoundly distinct transcriptomes under both stable and heat stress conditions
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Data: Cumulative heat stress in fluctuating temperatures and implications for the distribution of freshwater fish
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Evolutionary potential under heat and drought stress at the southern range edge of North American Arabidopsis lyrata
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Acute stress and restricted diet reduce bill-mediated heat dissipation in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia): Implications for optimal thermoregulation
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Fertility loss and recovery dynamics after repeated heat stress across life stages in male Drosophila melanogaster: Patterns and processes
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Data from: The interactive effects of heat stress, parasitism, and hostplant quality in a host-parasitoid system
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Elucidating gene expression adaptation of phylogenetically divergent coral holobionts under heat stress
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Improving wheat yield prediction using secondary traits and high-density phenotyping under heat stressed environments
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Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
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Environmental and behavioral sensor data to identify heat stress in dairy cows
Heat stress impairs the health and performance of dairy cows, yet only a few studies have investigated the diversity of cattle behavioral responses to heat waves. This research was conducted on an Italian Holstein dairy farm equipped with precision livestock farming sensors to assess potential different behavioral patterns of the animals. Three heat waves, defined as at least five consecutive days with mean daily temperature-humidity index higher than 72, were recorded in the farm area during the summer of 2021. Individual daily milk yield data of 102 cows were used to identify ‘heat-sensitive’ animals, meaning the cows that, under a given heat wave, experienced a milk yield drop that was not linked with other health events (e.g., mastitis). Milk yield drops were detected as perturbations of the lactation curve estimated by iteratively using Wood’s equation. Individual daily minutes of lying, chewing, and activity were retrieved from ear-tag-based accelerometer sensors. Semi-parametric generalized estimating equations models were used to assess behavioral deviations of heat-sensitive cows from the herd means under heat stress conditions. Heat waves were associated with an overall increase in the herd’s chewing and activity times, along with an overall decrease of lying time. Heat-sensitive cows spent approximately 15 min/d more chewing and performing activities (p < 0.05). The findings of this research suggest that the information provided by high-frequency sensor data could assist farmers in identifying cows for which personalized interventions to alleviate heat stress are needed.
Data from: Curation: heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations
<p>We aim to understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution by assessing physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics. We <a>hypothesize</a> that Arctic and cold-temperate populations are less heat resilient than warm-temperate populations. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers to relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, underlying strong hierarchical structuring between and within southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences we<a>re </a>revealed for the two populations currently at their warm limits. They respectively <a>show</a> a significant advantage in growth at 19°C and 21°C (Quiberon) and a lack of stress responses in photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigments at 23°C (Helgoland). In addition, quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity in <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population in Spitsbergen. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
Heat stress responses of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across Northeast Atlantic populations: growth, biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments
<p>To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.