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44 results for “Herbicide resistance”
Inter and intra species competition between blackgrass-wheat in relation to herbicide-resistance and environmental conditions of Poland
<p>Two parameters, namely fresh plants' biomass and the number of seeds per plant, were measured for both winter wheat W and blackgrass B. The blackgrass competitive ratio (BCR) was calculated for the mixtures of susceptible blackgrass (BS) with resistant blackgrass (BR), representing the comparative growth based on plants' fresh biomass (BCRb) and the number of grains (BCRgn). The competitive ratio between wheat and blackgrass WBCR was calculated separately for the mixtures of W and BS, and W and BR. BCR and WBCR were calculated according to the formula described by Hoffman and Buller. The analysis was performed for the replacement series experiment, where RY<sub>W</sub> – relative yield of the W; RY<sub>B</sub> – relative yield of the B; p – the proportion of species; W<sub>mix</sub> – a value of the W parameter analyzed for the mixture; W<sub>mon</sub> – a value of the W parameter analyzed for the monoculture; B<sub>mix</sub> – a value of the B parameter analyzed for the mixture; B<sub>mon</sub> – a value of the B parameter analyzed for the monoculture; TRY – total relative yield. The RY values were measured for both W and B, and were averaged for single plant.</p> <p><strong>Statistical analysis</strong></p> <p>The biomass and grain yield or seed number, calculated into RY and TRY, were presented as graphs and fitted into one of the five competition models according to Radosevich [66]. The most explanatory models were determined by using the χ<sup>2</sup> goodness-of-fit giving the best fit for all tested sites and biotypes. If the RY is a straight line, it denotes no competition; a convex line shows a benefit to species; a concave line represents a loss to species. If the TRY equals 1 (straight line), there is a competition for the same resources between both species/biotypes. If the TRY is greater than 1 (convex), there is no competition since the demand does not exceed the resources. If TRY is less than 1 (concave), an antagonism resulting in a mutual loss to species involved becomes apparent. ANOVA of two models was performed, i.e. the two-way model for the year × site of plants to calculate the BCRgn and BCRb in R/S blackgrass and and three-way model for the year × site × biotype to calculate the WBCRgn and WBCRb in wheat/blackgrass. Data of indexes were <em>sqrt</em> transformed to the normal distribution. The post-hoc HSD Tukey test was used for the means separation. The r-Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for relations between BCRgn / WBCRgn and BCRb /WBCRb, the relations between hydrothermal K coefficient and BCRgn /WBCRgn and BCRb / WBCRb and the relations between sand [%] and BCRgn /WBCRgn and BCRb / WBCRb. The exploration technique of the main components PCA (principle component analysis) has been used to explain the multidimensional diversity of W and environmental variables in terms of the first two components. Five biometrical parameters of W, i.e. mean length and fresh biomass of plant, number of seeds per plant, the yield of seeds per plant, and the TGW (1000 grain weight), and four environmental parameters, i.e. hydrothermal coefficient K and soil texture were analyzed using the PCA and CA (<em>k</em>-means procedure).</p> <p>The calculations were performed in the STATISTICA 13.0 program (TIBCO Software Inc).</p>
Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides
<p>This dataset contains data from two-part greenhouse experiments described in the paper: "Vian H. Mohammad, Colin P. Osborne & Robert P. Freckleton (2022) Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i>". </p> <p>Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds poses a threat to food security. Resistance evolves rapidly through the co-option of a suite of physiological mechanisms that evolved to allow plants to survive environmental stress. Consequently, we hypothesize that stress tolerance and herbicide resistance are functionally linked. We address two questions: (i) does exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring? (ii) Is such evolution mediated through non-genetic mechanisms? We exposed individuals of a grass weed to drought and tested whether this resulted in herbicide resistance in the first generation (F1).</p> <p>In the first experiment ("Exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring"), the effect of three levels of drought ("none, medium and high") is studied in five different nive populations of black-grass. Plant height, above ground biomass and seed weight were measured to estimate the influence of drought treatments on the phenotype. In addition, surviving and dead plants were assessed to evaluate the tolerance of <i>A.</i> <i>myosuroides</i> to drought stress. The drought treatments were initiated 30 days after emergence. In the h<span>erbicide assay experiment, </span>the seedlings of F1 of all populations were sprayed with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl herbicide (as "Puma Super" – 69 g a.i. L<sup>−1</sup>, Bayer Crop Science) using two different doses, a lethal dose (40 g a.i. h<sup>−1</sup>) and sub-lethal dose (20 g a.i. h<sup>−1</sup>). 28 days after herbicide application, dead and damaged plants were assessed. Surviving plants were categorised in two ways to account for the differential outcomes of exposure to herbicide: plants were categorised as 'surviving' if they showed no visible effects of herbicide exposure, or 'damaged' if they survived but with obvious effects on above ground tissues.</p> <p>In the second experiment ("<span>The role of non-genetic inheritance"), the effect of </span>two levels of drought ("none and high") is studied in 15 different populations of cloned black-grass plants. Each plant was divided into two clones. Plants were cloned to produce two identical seedlings for the investigation of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in herbicide resistance evolution. After 14 days t<span>he cloned plants were re-potted and allowed to establish for one week before initiating a drought stress treatment. One set of the cloned plants was exposed to drought and the second set was grown under well-watered conditions. </span>Plant height, above ground biomass and seed weight were measured, in addition to the number of surviving and dead plants. The herbicide assay was carried out using the five populations that possessed a high rate of viability and germination rate in both treatments ("none" and "high" drought). At the 3-4 leaves stage in September 2018, the seedlings were sprayed with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide ("Puma Super" – 69 g a.i. L<sup>−1</sup>, Bayer Crop Science) using two different doses as previously described. 28 days after herbicide application (October 2018) dead and damaged plants were assessed as described above.</p> <p>In terms of both survival and dry mass, we find enhanced resistance to herbicide in the F1 plants when the parents had been exposed to drought. Our results suggest that exposure of weeds to drought can confer herbicide resistance in subsequent generations and that the mechanism conferring heritability of herbicide resistance may be non-genetic.</p>
Supplementary data for "Novel mutation/s in the conserved region of EPSPS imparts herbicide resistance in pigeonpea"
<p><strong>Figure S1. </strong>The picture represents the binding positions of different ligands in the binding pocket of w-CcEPSPS. A. GPJ B. PEP, C. S3P, D. PEP, and S3P together, and E. GPJ and PEP together. The structural diagram and the ligand interaction clearly shows the ligand’s individual binding site in A, B, and C and the binding of the two substrates ie., PEP and S3P in the same catalytic pocket with different binding site whereas PEP and GPJ share the same binding site in the catalytic site of CcEPSPS enzyme in the E. GPJ; Glyphosate, PEP; Phosphoenol pyruvate, S3P; Shikimate-3-phosphate.</p> <p><strong>Figure S2. </strong>Ramachandran plot representing the CcEPSPS protein structure, with each residue, plotted with their respective coordinates ie., phi and psi angles. The density of the points suggests the most prevalent secondary structure and CcEPSPS show dense right-handed ɑ helices followed by 𝛽 sheet secondary structure. The points lying in between the favorable region are defined as secondary structure areas for random coils.</p> <p><strong>Figure S3. </strong>Domain search based on Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) (http://smart.embl.de/) revealed that the EPSPS proteins from A. pigeonpea, B. <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>and C. <em>Colwellia psychrerythraea </em>contain basic EPSP synthase domain. The Interaction network developed utilizing the STRING protein-protein database (https://string-db.org/) for D. pigeonpea, E. <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>and F. <em>Colwellia psychrerythraea </em>EPSPS proteins revealed the metabolically important EPSPS enzyme.</p> <p> </p>
Biomass data to accompany Inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium and linked fitness cost loci associated with selection for herbicide resistance
<ul> <li>The adaptation of weeds to herbicide is both a significant problem in agriculture and a model of rapid adaptation. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge of resistance controlled by many loci and the evolutionary factors that influence the maintenance of resistance.</li> <li>Here, using herbicide-resistant populations of the common morning glory (<em>Ipomoea</em> <em>purpurea</em>), we perform a multi-level analysis of the genome and transcriptome to uncover putative loci involved in nontarget-site herbicide resistance (NTSR) and to examine evolutionary forces underlying the maintenance of resistance in natural populations.</li> <li>We found loci involved in herbicide detoxification and stress sensing to be under selection and confirmed that detoxification is responsible for glyphosate resistance using a functional assay. We identified interchromosomal linkage disequilibrium (ILD) among loci under selection reflecting either historical processes or additive effects leading to the resistance phenotype. We further identified potential fitness cost loci that were strongly linked to resistance alleles, indicating the role of genetic hitchhiking in maintaining the cost.</li> <li>Overall, our work suggests that NTSR glyphosate resistance in<em> I. purpurea</em> is conferred by multiple genes which are potentially maintained through generations <em>via</em> ILD and that the fitness cost associated with resistance in this species is likely a by-product of genetic-hitchhiking.</li> </ul>
Additional Files for "Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass"
<p>This dataset contains additional supporting files referenced by the following publication:</p> <p>• Kersten S, Chang J, Huber CD, Voichek Y, Lanz C, Hagmaier T, Lang P, Lutz U, Hirschberg I, Lerchl J, Porri A, Van de Peer Y, Schmid K, Weigel D, Rabanal FA. <strong>Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass. </strong><em>Proc Natl Acad Sci USA</em>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Directory structure:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Haplotypes_ACCase</strong>: this directory contains the two haplotypes (fasta format) inferred by pbaa (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbAA ) for each of the 1,046 individuals for which it was possible to analyse the ACCase locus. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Haplotypes_ALS</strong>: his directory contains the two haplotypes (fasta format) inferred by pbaa (https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/pbAA ) for each of the 842 individuals for which it was possible to analyse the ALS1 locus. </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>Reference_genome</strong>: this directory contains the Pacbio CLR+Hi-C based chromosome level assembly (fasta file) of an <em>Alopecurus myosuroides</em> individual from the German herbicide-sensitive population DE01087 (Appels Wilde Samen GmbH, Darmstadt). In addition, it includes annotation files (gff format) for transposable elements and protein-coding genes.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>SNP_matrix</strong>: this directory contains the SNP matrix (vcf format) for the population study carried out with ddRAD-sequencing data.</li> </ul>
Data from: Herbicide resistance-endowing ACCase gene mutations in hexaploid wild oat (Avena fatua): Insights into resistance evolution in a hexaploid species
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Data from: Fitness cost due to herbicide resistance may trigger genetic background evolution
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Biomass data to accompany Inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium and linked fitness cost loci associated with selection for herbicide resistance
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Genomic characterisation and dissection of the onset of resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides in a large collection of Digitaria insularis from Brazil
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Data from: Genetic diversity and structure of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum in California vineyards and orchards indicates potential for spread of herbicide resistance via gene flow
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Data from: Fitness costs of herbicide resistance across natural populations of the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea
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Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides
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Data from: The geographic mosaic of herbicide resistance evolution in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea: evidence for resistance hotspots and low genetic differentiation across the landscape
Strong human-mediated selection via herbicide application in agroecosystems has repeatedly led to the evolution of resistance in weedy plants. Although resistance can occur among separate populations of a species across the landscape, the spatial scale of resistance in many weeds is often left unexamined. We assessed the potential that resistance to the herbicide glyphosate in the agricultural weed Ipomoea purpurea has evolved independently multiple times across its North American range. We examined both adaptive and neutral genetic variations in 44 populations of I. purpurea by pairing a replicated dose–response greenhouse experiment with SSR genotyping of experimental individuals. We uncovered a mosaic pattern of resistance across the landscape, with some populations exhibiting high-survival postherbicide and other populations showing high death. SSR genotyping revealed little evidence of isolation by distance and very little neutral genetic structure associated with geography. An approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis uncovered evidence for migration and admixture among populations before the widespread use of glyphosate rather than the very recent contemporary gene flow. The pattern of adaptive and neutral genetic variations indicates that resistance in this mixed-mating weed species appears to have evolved in independent hotspots rather than through transmission of resistance alleles across the landscape.
Data from: The experimental evolution of herbicide-resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in a positive correlation between fitness in the presence and absence of herbicides
Pleiotropic fitness trade-offs will be key determinants of the evolutionary dynamics of selection for pesticide resistance. However, for herbicide resistance, empirical support for a fitness cost of resistance is mixed, and it is therefore also questionable what further ecological trade-offs can be assumed to apply to herbicide resistance. Here, we test the existence of trade-offs by experimentally evolving herbicide resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Although fitness costs are detected for all herbicides, we find that, counterintuitively, the most resistant populations also have the lowest fitness costs as measured by growth rate in the ancestral environment. Furthermore, after controlling for differences in the evolutionary dynamics of resistance to different herbicides, we also detect significant positive correlations between resistance, fitness in the ancestral environment and cross-resistance to other herbicides. We attribute this to the highest levels of nontarget-site resistance being achieved by fixing mutations that more broadly affect cellular physiology, which results in both more cross-resistance and less overall antagonistic pleiotropy on maximum growth rate. Consequently, the lack of classical ecological trade-offs could present a major challenge for herbicide resistance management.
Data from: The experimental evolution of herbicide-resistance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in a positive correlation between fitness in the presence and absence of herbicides
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Data from: The geographic mosaic of herbicide resistance evolution in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea: evidence for resistance hotspots and low genetic differentiation across the landscape
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Non-target site herbicide resistance is conferred by two distinct mechanisms in blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides)
GEO Series GSE162422. Alopecurus myosuroides. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome analysis indicates the involvement of herbicide-responsive and plant-pathogen interaction pathways in the development of resistance to ACCase inhibitors in Apera spica-venti
GEO Series GSE204788. Apera spica-venti. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Resistance to the herbicide 2,4-D in Sisymbrium orientale conferred by a deletion mutation in the degron tail of IAA2
GEO Series GSE159202. Sisymbrium orientale. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Raw data of "Overrepresentation of Alopecurus myosuroides with high levels of resistance towards herbicides applied in spring on heavy clay soils"
<p>The file contains the raw data of the manuscript "Overrepresentation of <em>Alopecurus myosuroides </em>with<em> </em>high levels of resistance towards herbicides applied in spring on heavy clay soils"</p>
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