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236 results for “Honeybees”
Data from: Honeybee visitation to shared flowers increases Vairimorpha ceranae prevalence in bumblebees
<p><em>Vairimorpha</em> (=<em>Nosema</em>) <em>ceranae</em> is a widespread pollinator parasite that commonly infects honeybees and wild pollinators, including bumblebees. Honeybees are highly competent <em>V. ceranae</em> hosts and previous work in experimental flight cages suggests <em>V. ceranae </em>can be transmitted during visitation to shared flowers. However, the relationship between floral visitation in the natural environment and the prevalence of <em>V. ceranae </em>among multiple bee species has not been explored. Here, we analyzed the number and duration of pollinator visits to particular components of squash flowers—including the petals, stamen, and nectary—at six farms in southeastern Michigan, USA. We also determined the prevalence of <em>V. ceranae </em>in honeybees and bumblebees at each site. Our results showed that more honeybee flower contacts and longer duration of contacts with pollen and nectar was linked with greater <em>V. ceranae</em> prevalence in bumblebees. Honeybee visitation patterns appear to have a disproportionately large impact on <em>V. ceranae</em> prevalence in bumblebees even though honeybees are not the most frequent flower visitors. Floral visitation by squash bees or other pollinators were not linked with <em>V. ceranae</em> prevalence in bumblebees. Further, <em>V. ceranae</em> prevalence in honeybees was unaffected by floral visitation behaviors by any pollinator species. These results suggest that honeybee visitation behaviors on shared floral resources may be an important contributor to increased <em>V. ceranae</em> spillover to bumblebees in the field. Understanding how <em>V. ceranae</em> prevalence is influenced by pollinator behavior in the shared floral landscape is critical for reducing parasite spillover into declining native bee populations.</p>
Data from: Co-exposure to a honeybee pathogen and an insecticide: Synergistic effects in a new solitary bee host but not in Apis mellifera
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Wild pollinators and honeybees respond differently to landscape-scale organic farming and increase sunflower yields
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Larval nutrition impacts survival to adulthood, body size, and the allometric scaling of metabolic rate in adult honeybees
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Honeybee optomotor behaviour is impaired by chronic exposure to insecticides
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Data from: Resident viruses, but not honeybee-associated viruses, impair solitary bee fitness in the field
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Data from: Comparison of pooled semen insemination and single colony insemination as sustainable honeybee breeding strategies
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Feeding with plant powders increases longevity and body weight of Western honeybee workers (Apis mellifera)
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Data from: Honeybee visitation to shared flowers increases Vairimorpha ceranae prevalence in bumblebees
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Data from: Honeybee microbiome is stabilized in the presence of propolis
<p>Honey bees have developed many unique mechanisms to help ensure the proper maintenance of homeostasis within the hive. One specific method includes the collection of antimicrobial plant resins and wax to form propolis, which is deposited throughout the hive. Propolis is believed to play a significant role in reducing disease load in the colony due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. However, little is known on how propolis may be interacting with the commensal bacteria of the hive and if propolis alters the microbial community structure. In this study, we demonstrate that propolis appears to maintain a stable microbial community composition and reduce the overall diversity of the total honey bee microbiome. Several key members of the honey bee gut microbiota were significantly altered in the absence of propolis suggesting that it may play an important role in maintaining favorable levels of commensal bacteria. Overall, these findings demonstrate that propolis may help to maintain honey bee colony microbial health by limiting changes to the overall microbial community.</p>
Data from: Metabolic rate shapes phenotypic covariance among physiological, behavioural, and life history traits in honeybees
<p>Metabolic rate is often cited as the fundamental rate that determines the rate of all biological processes by shaping energetic availability for the various behavioral and life history traits that contribute to performance. It has therefore been suggested that metabolic rate drives the widely observed covariance among these different levels of phenotypic traits. However, much of the work on this topic has relied on pairwise correlational analysis, thereby leaving an important gap in our understanding regarding the functional links that shape this phenotypic covariance, often referred to as pace-of-life. Using honeybees as an experimental model, we measured a large number of behavioural, life history and physiological traits in individual bees and used a structural equation model to characterize the phenotypic covariance structure among these traits. Following this with a path analysis, we demonstrate that variation in metabolic rate plays a fundamental proximate role in driving this phenotypic covariance structure in honeybees. We discuss the importance of these findings in the context of how interindividual variation in terms of slow-fast phenotypes may drive the phenotype of a group and the functional role metabolic rate might play in shaping division of labour and social evolution.</p>
Long-term effects of antibiotic treatments on honeybee colony fitness – a modelling approach
<p><b>1.</b> Gut microbiome disequilibrium is increasingly <span>implicated </span>in host fitness reductions, including for the economically important and disease-challenged western honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>. In lab experiments the antibiotic tetracycline, which is used to prevent American Foulbrood Disease in countries including the US, elevates honey bee mortality by disturbing the microbiome. It is unclear however, how elevated individual mortality affects colony level fitness.</p> <p><b>2.</b> We used an agent-based model (BEEHAVE) and empirical data to assess colony level effects of antibiotic-induced worker bee mortality, by measuring colony size. We investigated the relationship between the duration that the antibiotic-induced mortality probability is imposed for and colony size.</p> <p><b>3.</b> We found that when simulating antibiotic-induced mortality of worker bees from just 60 days per year, up to a permanent effect, the colony is reduced such that tetracycline treatment would not meet the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) honey bee protection goals. When antibiotic mortality was imposed for the hypothetical minimal exposure time, which assumes that antibiotics only impact the bee's fitness during the recommended treatment period of fifteen days in both spring and autumn, the colony fitness reduction was only marginally under the EFSA's threshold.</p> <p><b>4.</b> Synthesis and Applications: Modelling colony level impacts of antibiotic treatment shows that individual antibiotic-induced honey bee worker mortality can lead to colony mortality. To assess the full impact, the persistence of antibiotic-induced mortality in honey bees must be determined experimentally, <i>in vivo</i>. We caution that as the domestication of new insect species increases, maintaining healthy gut microbiomes is of paramount importance to insect health and commercial productivity. The recommendation from this work is to limit prophylactic use of antibiotics and to not exceed recommended treatment strategies for domesticated insects. This is especially important for highly social insects as excess antibiotic use will likely decrease colony growth and an increase in colony mortality.</p>
Red and white clover provide food resources for honeybees and wild bees in urban environments
<p>Pollination is a key ecological process both in wild plant species and in economically important crops. Global land use change and urbanization are known to alter plant-pollinator interactions, but our understanding of how the local (i.e. size of green area, food resource availability) and landscape (surrounding green area) context affect pollinators in urban landscapes remains understudied. We selected two co-occurring clover species, Trifolium pratense and T. repens. to assess whether mixed stands of common wildflowers provide resources for a diverse pollinator assemblage by supporting differently adapted/specialized pollinator species. We further wanted to test how environmental factors (flower diversity, resource availability, size and percentage of green area) alter plant-pollinator interactions in urban environments. We studied the pollinator assemblage and visitation rate of pollinators in 1 m² plots in 21 green areas of different sizes in the city of Vienna (Austria). In addition, we assessed the surrounding landscape context by estimating the percentage of green area in perimeters of 100 m, 500 m and 1000 m around each study plot and measured local flower resource availability. We found that proportions of pollinator taxa differed significantly between white and red clover, with T. repens mainly pollinated by Apis mellifera, and T. pratense primarily pollinated by different bumblebee species. Visitation frequency was positively correlated to local resource availability (number of anthetic Trifolium inflorescences in each plot), but independent of the surrounding landscape context (i.e. percentage of green area). We conclude that the establishment and maintenance even of small patches of different common wildflowers help maintain a diverse bee community in urban environments. Particularly large-flowered species may be important for supporting long-tongued, late emerging pollinators such as certain bumblebee species.</p>
Larval nutrition impacts the scaling of adult metabolic rate with body mass in honeybees
<p>Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental physiological measure linked to numerous aspects of organismal function, including lifespan. Although dietary restriction in insects during larval growth/development affects adult RMR, the impact of larval diet quality on adult RMR has not been studied. Using in vitro rearing to control larval diet quality, we determined the effect of dietary protein and carbohydrate on honeybee survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, body mass/size and adult RMR. High carbohydrate larval diets increased survival-to-adulthood and time-to-eclosion compared to both low carbohydrate and high protein diets. Upon emergence, bees reared on the high protein diet were smaller and lighter than those reared on other diets, whilst those raised on the high carbohydrate diet varied more in body mass. Newly-emerged adult bees' reared on the high carbohydrate diet showed a significantly steeper increase in allometric scaling of RMR compared to those reared on other diets. This suggests that diet quality influences survival-to-adulthood, time-to-eclosion, and the allometric scaling of RMR. Given that agricultural intensification and increasing urbanisation have led to a decrease in both forage availability and dietary diversity for bees, our results are critical to improving understanding of the impacts of poor developmental nutrition on bee growth/development and physiology.</p>
Data from: Pan-genome analysis highlights the role of structural variation in the evolution and environmental adaptation of Asian honeybees
<p>The <em>Asian honeybee</em>, <em>Apis cerana</em>, is an ecologically and economically important pollinator. Mapping its genetic variation is key to understanding population-level health, histories, and potential capacities to respond to environmental changes. However, most efforts to date were focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on a single reference genome, thereby ignoring larger-scale genomic variation. We employed long-read sequencing technologies to generate a chromosome-scale reference genome for the ancestral group of<em> A. cerana</em>. Integrating this with 525 resequencing datasets, we constructed the first pan-genome of <em>A. cerana</em>, encompassing almost the entire gene content. We found that 31.32% of genes in the pan-genome were variably present across populations, providing a broad gene pool for environmental adaptation. We identified and characterized structural variations (SVs) and found that they were not closely linked with SNP distributions, however, the formation of SVs was closely associated with transposable elements. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis using SVs revealed a novel <em>A. cerana</em> ecological group not recoverable from the SNP data. Performing environmental association analysis identified a total of 44 SVs likely to be associated with environmental adaptation. Verification and analysis of one of these, a 330 bp deletion in the Atpalpha gene, indicated that this SV may promote the cold adaptation of <em>A. cerana</em> by altering gene expression. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of applying pan-genome approaches to map and explore genetic feature variations of honeybee populations, and in particular to examine the role of SVs in the evolution and environmental adaptation of <em>A. cerana</em>.</p>
Floral resource availability and honeybee flower visitations in Oslo, Norway
<p>Urban green infrastructure can provide important habitats for pollinators and support urban ecosystem services. Therefore, these areas must be managed to maximize biodiversity and density of pollinating insects. We used DNA metabarcoding to study honeybee pollen resource use over time and space in the city of Oslo, Norway, and to assess the role of green infrastructure as a resource for pollinators and the services they generate. Urban honeybees used diverse pollen resources throughout their active season. There was considerable seasonal turnover in pollen resource use that reflected flowering phenology. Non-native plants (including invasive species) were an important resource early in the season but were replaced by native plants later in the season. Hive location was not strongly correlated with resource use, likely indicating effective long-distance foraging in the fragmented urban landscape. However, flower visitation rates and floral resource density in public urban green spaces were coupled with pollen use. Honeybees collected pollen from a small number of preferred species but also visited other species, likely for nectar. To preserve pollinator services, urban planning should consider flower resource management, with particular focus on planting native species that can act as early season resources for bees. Public campaigns and other incentive mechanisms to promote the cultivation of native plants that are resources for pollinators and the protection of urban semi-natural habitats have the potential to enhance the value of green infrastructure to support urban pollinators and pollination services.</p>
Genome Database: Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers
<p>This repository contains the dataset used in the publication "Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers," which is currently under revision. A pre-print can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.29.522137">here</a>. The database is based on previously published work to create a genomic database of honeybee gut microbes by Kirsten Ellegaard (2021), found <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/4661061">here.</a></p><p>The zipped folder deposited here after unzipping, should contain the following files and directories:</p><ul><li>honeybee_genome.fasta : fasta file containing the host (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) genome sequence</li><li>beebiome_db : fasta file of 198 concatenated genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier</li><li>beebiome_red_db : fasta file of 39 species representative genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier to be used for the analysis of intra-specific variation</li><li>fna_files : directory containing genome sequence files and concatenated files where the concatenated files contain one fasta entry renamed to the genome identifier and all contigs concatenated into one entry</li><li>ffn_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the nucleotide sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>faa_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the amino acid sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>bed_files : directory containing bed files where the location of each of the predicted genes are indicated based on their position in the concatenated genome file</li><li>single_ortho : directory containing one file per phylotype listing all the single-copy orthogroups (OGs) identified by orthofinder where each line represents an OG id followed by a list of genes from each of the genomes of that phylotype that belong to that OG and the corresponding sequences of these genes can be found in the ffn file belonging to the respective genome</li><li>red_bed_files : directory containing bed files for species representative genomes that only list the positions genes that belong to the core orthogroups of their phylotype</li></ul><p>Further information about how this genome database was used to analyze strain-level diversity can be found in the publication and accompanying code repository.</p>
Data from: Stress-induced loss of social resilience in honeybee colonies and its implications on fitness
<p>Stressors may lead to a shift in the timing of life-history events of species causing a mismatch with optimal environmental conditions, potentially reducing fitness. In honeybees, the timing of brood rearing and nest emergence in late winter/early spring is critical, as colonies need to grow fast after winter to prepare for reproduction. However, the effects of stress on these life-history events in late winter/early spring and the possible consequences are not well understood. Therefore, we tested whether (1) honeybee colonies shift timing of brood rearing and nest emergence as a response to stressors, and (2) if there is a consequent loss of social resilience, reflected in colony fitness (survival, growth and reproduction). We monitored stressed (high load of the parasitic mite <em>Varroa destructor</em> or nutrition-restricted) colonies and presumably non-stressed colonies from the beginning of 2020 till the spring of 2021. We found that honeybee colonies do not shift the timing of brood rearing and nest emergence in spring as a coping mechanism to stressors. However, we show that there is a loss of social resilience in stressed colonies, leading to reduced growth and reproduction. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of stressors on social resilience in eusocial organisms.</p>
A new, fluorescence-based method for visualizing the pseudopupil and assessing optical acuity in the dark compound eyes of honeybees and other insects
<p>Images reported here are the raw Data set acquired to obtain Figure 6 in the manuscript Rigosi et al, “A new, fluorescence-based method for visualizing the pseudopupil and assessing optical acuity in the dark compound eyes of honeybees and other insects” accepted in Scientific Reports (DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00407-2).</p> <p>Please check the Methods section for a description of the analysis of the eye map obtained with these images.<br> Note that all the images are 16-bit.</p>
Supplementary material S24: Time course of the loudest Varroa jolting pulse compared to that of a honeybee colony and single bee individual.
<p>Time course of the loudest <em>Varroa </em>jolt on brood-comb with the signal from the full colony and a single bee. The signal seen here in each panel is the integral of the magnitude of acceleration with respect to time. The background vibration that is inherent to the room was calculated and subtracted from this data. The loudest jolt (red) is here compared to the signal of a single bee (black) and the vibrations of the full colony at low and high signal (black). High signal is captured when the frame containing the accelerometer is empty of brood. Low signal is captured when the frame is fully loaded with brood and/or honey. The whooping signal (panel a) was captured during a period of high signal.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.