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65 results for “Horseshoe Crabs”
The different fates of two Asian horseshoe crab species with different dispersal abilities
<p>Impending anthropogenic climate change will severely impact coastal organisms at unprecedented speed. Knowledge on organisms' evolutionary responses to past sea level fluctuations and estimation of their evolutionary potential is therefore indispensable in efforts to mitigate the effects of future climate change. We sampled tens of thousands of genomic markers of ~300 individuals in two of the four extant horseshoe crab species across the complex archipelagic Singapore Straits. <em>Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</em> Latreille, a less mobile mangrove species, has finer population structure and lower genetic diversity compared to the dispersive deep-sea <em>Tachypleus gigas</em> Müller. Even though the source populations of both species during the Last Glacial Maximum exhibited comparable effective population sizes, the less dispersive <em>C. rotundicauda</em> seems to lose genetic diversity much more quickly because of population fragmentation. Contra previous studies' results, we predict that the more commonly sighted <em>C. rotundicauda</em> faces a more uncertain conservation plight, with a continuing loss in evolutionary potential and higher vulnerability to future climate change. Our study provides important genomic baseline data for the redirection of conservation measures in the face of climate change, and can be used as a blueprint for assessment and mitigation of the adverse effects of impending sea level rise in other systems.</p>
Fig. 8 in Tachypleus syriacus (Woodward)-a sexually dimorphic Cretaceous crown limulid reveals underestimated horseshoe crab divergence times
Fig. 8 Single most parsimonious tree (Tree length 22, Consistency Index 0.909, Retention Index 0.958, Rescaled Consistency Index 0.871) from the dataset in Table S1, also available in the public database Morphobank (Project 1228), analyzed through implicit enumeration with all characters unordered and of equal weight in TNT (Goloboff et al. 2008). Paleolimulus signatus was utilized as the outgroup. Branch support is shown for each node; regular numbers above the node are jackknife values retrieved from 1000 replicates with 33 % deletion, numbers in bold beneath the node are Bremer support values
Fig. 3 in Tachypleus syriacus (Woodward)-a sexually dimorphic Cretaceous crown limulid reveals underestimated horseshoe crab divergence times
Fig. 3 Idealized reconstruction of male and female T. syriacus in amplexus. Drawing by Antony Lamsdell
Fig. 2 T in Tachypleus syriacus (Woodward)-a sexually dimorphic Cretaceous crown limulid reveals underestimated horseshoe crab divergence times
Fig. 2 T. syriacus (Woodward). a MSNM i9352, male. Cretaceous, Lebanon. b MSNM i25083, female. Cretaceous, Lebanon. c MSNM i27468, female. Cretaceous, Lebanon. d MSNM i9351, immature
Fig. 6 T in Tachypleus syriacus (Woodward)-a sexually dimorphic Cretaceous crown limulid reveals underestimated horseshoe crab divergence times
Fig. 6 T. syriacus (Woodward)—BMNH NHM IA 187, soft tissue fluorescence under UV light. a Whole specimen. b Mouth with associated soft-tissue preservation around the prosomal appendage insertions shown in Fig. 5b. c Posterior-most pair of book gills shown in Fig. 5d. d Muscle tissue shown in Fig. 5c. Scale bars: a 50 mm; b, c 10 mm; d 5 mm
Figure 9 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 9. Frequency distributions of distances from (A) the nearest sea grass beds and (B) the nearest oyster beds where juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals were obtained in the study area.
Figure 7 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 7. Temporal variations in the distribution of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals downshore from the shoreline at Stations E, F and H with means and standard deviations also shown.
Figure 8 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 8. Frequency distributions of (A) sediment temperature, (B) salinity and (C) dissolved oxygen concentration of interstitial waters where juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals were obtained in the study area.
Figure 5 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 5. The spatial distribution of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals of different prosomal width ranges at Stations E, F and H.
Figure 6 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 6. Temporal variations in the total abundance of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals at Stations E (Ɨ), F (-) and H (Δ).
Figure 2. A in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 2. A pictorial illustration of the sampling strategy adopted for the survey of juvenile horseshoe crabs at the eight stations. Sampling areas are indicated by grey rectangles.
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 1. (A) A map of Hong Kong showing the location of the study site in Deep Bay in the northwestern quadrant of the New Territories of Hong Kong. Also shown is the location of the cross-border bridge connecting Hong Kongat Pak Nai with mainland China at Shekou. (B) A more detailed map of the northwestern quadrant of Hong Kong showing the location of the eight sampling stations (A-H) in Deep Bay. Black areas denote mangrove stands, white ones oyster beds. Dotted lines represent streams in the study area.
Figure 4 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 4. The size frequency distribution, in terms of prosomal width, of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus individuals obtained from Stations E, F and H, with means and standard deviations.
Figure 3 in Spatial and temporal distributions of juvenile horseshoe crabs (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) approaching extirpation along the northwestern shoreline of the New Territories of Hong Kong SAR, China
Figure 3. The spatial distribution in terms of mean abundance of juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus at Stations E, F and H with mean abundances ± standard deviations at the three stations also shown.
F in The morphological differentiation of two horseshoe crab species, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Xiphosura), in Hong Kong with a regional Asian comparison
F. 3. (A) Size–weight distributions of Tachypleus tridentatus males (&) and females (%) in Hong Kong. (B) Size–weight distribution of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda males ($) and females (#) in Hong Kong.
F in The morphological differentiation of two horseshoe crab species, Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Xiphosura), in Hong Kong with a regional Asian comparison
F. 2. Various body parts of the horseshoe crabs measured to the nearest millimetre. a=length of prosoma; b=length of opisthosoma; c=length of telson; d=maximum width of prosoma; e=distance between the two compound eyes; f =maximum width of opisthosoma; g=width of telson; S1–S6=length of first to sixth opisthosomal, marginal spines.
Figure 7 in Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura
Figure 7. Summary cladogram of higher-level relationships retrieved from the phylogenetic analysis. Chelicerata consists of Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata, with megacheirans forming a polytomy on the node below. Trilobites and xenopods form a basal clade which is here considered to represent Antennata. For the full consensus tree see the Supporting information.
Figure 2 in Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura
Figure 2. Schematic of a generalized synziphosurine arthropod, showing the distinction between the preabdominal and postabdominal non-functional pseudotagmata and the true tagmata of the prosoma, mesosoma, and metasoma.
Figure 10 in Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura
Figure 10. Weinbergina opitzi Richter & Richter, 1929 from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Bundenbach, Germany. Holotype specimen SMF VIII 7a, showing a flat articulating facet at the anterior of each tergite. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 5. Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 in Revised systematics of Palaeozoic 'horseshoe crabs' and the myth of monophyletic Xiphosura
Figure 5. Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Recent of North America. A, ventral view of opisthosoma showing opercula. B, dorsal view of opisthosoma with prosoma and telson removed. C, schematic of opisthosoma in dorsal view with apodemes (shallow pits indicating sites of muscle attachment) marked in black and the insertion points of the opercula shown by grey ovals. D, ventral view of opisthosoma with prosoma, telson, and opercula removed. It can be clearly seen that the opercula are not attached to the lateral regions of the opisthosoma. Scale bars = 10 mm.
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