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51 results for “Hyacinths”
Data from: Functional traits underlying performance variations in the overwintering of the cosmopolitan invasive plant water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) under climate warming and water drawdown
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Negative correlations between native macrophyte diversity and water hyacinth abundance are stronger in its introduced than in its native range
<p><span>Aim: </span>We tested the hypothesis that the diversity and abundance of aquatic macrophytes are negatively related with <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> abundance in its introduced range, but not in its native range. </p> <p><span>Location: </span><span>Upper Parana River Floodplain, Brazil and Southeast China</span></p> <p><span>Methods: </span>We sampled aquatic macrophytes patches in Brazil (native range) and China (introduced range) along a biomass gradient of <i>E. crassipes</i>. For each patch, we obtained values of species richness and aquatic macrophytes percentage cover, as response variables in regression models. We also used species accumulation curves to quantify the total plot diversity in dominated and non-dominated plots for both countries. Finally, we compared the influence of <i>E. crassipes</i> dominance on community composition and beta diversity with Permanova and Permdisp, respectively.</p> <p><span>Results: </span>The regression analyses revealed a negative correlation between macrophyte richness and cover and <i>E. crassipes</i> biomass only in the introduced range. The cumulative number of species decreased at a higher extent in plots dominated by <i>E. crassipes</i> in China, compared to Brazil. Also, species composition changed and beta diversity decreased in the dominated plots in China, but not in Brazil.</p> <p><span>Main conclusions: </span>The reduction of all diversity attributes related to <i>E. crassipes</i> probably results from its engineer species role, which decreases littoral region habitat heterogeneity and affects rare species in the introduced range. Differences between countries may be associated with impacts of water hyacinth on native macrophytes since this plant grows very fast and is highly competitive. Although less probable, biotic resistance at the establishment phase of water hyacinth in sites with higher number of native species is also a possibility. Regardless of the main mechanism explaining our patterns, it is suggested that invasion by water hyacinth is a cause for concern for its higher impacts in the introduced ranges than the native ranges.</p>
Data from: Population genetic structure in hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and identification of the probable origin of confiscated individuals
Understanding the intraspecific genetic composition of populations in different geographic locations is important for the conservation of species. If genetic variability is structured, conservation strategies should seek to preserve the diversity of units. Also, origin of individuals can be determined, which is important for guiding actions against animal trafficking. The hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is located in allopatric regions, vulnerable to extinction and suffering animal trafficking pressure. Therefore, we characterized its population genetic structure based on 10 microsatellites from 98 individuals and 2123bp of mitochondrial sequence (ND5, cytochrome b, and ND2) from 80 individuals. Moderate to high levels of differentiation were observed among 3 geographic regions of Brazil: the north/northeast of the country, the north Pantanal, and the south Pantanal. Differentiation between the 2 regions within the Pantanal was not expected, as they are relatively close and there is no known barrier to macaw movement between these regions. These genetically differentiated groups were estimated to have diverged 16000 to 42000 years ago. The low genetic variability observed seems not to be the result of past bottlenecks, although a star-shaped haplotype network and the mismatch distribution suggest that there was recent demographic expansion in the north and northeast. Environmental changes in the Holocene could have caused this expansion. Given the genetic structure observed, the most probable regions of origin of 24 confiscated individuals were identified. Thus, these data helped to trace illegal traffic routes and identify natural populations that are being illegally harvested.
Data from: Genetic uniformity characterizes the invasive spread of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a clonal aquatic plant
Aquatic plant invasions are often associated with long-distance dispersal of vegetative propagules and prolific clonal reproduction. These reproductive features combined with genetic bottlenecks have the potential to severely limit genetic diversity in invasive populations. To investigate this question we conducted a global scale population genetic survey using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers of the world's most successful aquatic plant invader – Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). We sampled 1140 ramets from 54 populations from the native (South America) and introduced range (Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, Central America and the Caribbean). Although we detected 49 clones, introduced populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and little differentiation compared with those from the native range, and ~80% percent of introduced populations were composed of a single clone. A widespread clone ('W') detected in two Peruvian populations accounted for 70.9% of the individuals sampled and dominated in 74.5% of the introduced populations. However, samples from Bangladesh and Indonesia were composed of different genotypes, implicating multiple introductions to the introduced range. Nine of 47 introduced populations contained clonal diversity suggesting that sexual recruitment occurs in some invasive sites where environmental conditions favor seedling establishment. The global patterns of genetic diversity in E. crassipes likely result from severe genetic bottlenecks during colonization and prolific clonal propagation. The prevalence of the "W" genotype throughout the invasive range may be explained by stochastic sampling, or possibly because of pre-adaptation of the "W" genotype to tolerate low temperatures.
FIGURE 10 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 10. Tree obtained from Parsimony and Bayesian analysis of combined (ITS and trnL intron) data. The upper value in branches indicates parsimony bootstrap, bottom value Bayesian posterior probabilities.
FIGURE 9 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 9. SEM micrographs of pollen grains in Muscari taxa. M. vanensis (A–B), M. armeniacum (C–D) and M. botryoides (E–F).
FIGURE 8 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of the investigated Muscari taxa. M. vanensis (A-C), M. armeniacum (D–F) and M. botryoides (G–I).
FIGURE 7 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 7. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes, idiograms and karyograms of Muscari taxa. M. vanensis (A–C), M. armeniacum (D–I), M. botryoides (J–O).
FIGURE 3 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 3. Muscari vanensis Uysal. Flowers (A), Habit (B, C, D, E), A view from the type locality (F), Capsule (G, H, I).
FIGURE 2 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 2. Geographical distributions of M. vanensis (red circle), M. botryoides (green circle), M. armeniacum (blue square) (A) and populations of M. vanensis (B).
FIGURE 1 in A new grape hyacinth from East Anatolia (Turkey) Muscari vanensis (subgenus Botryanthus)
FIGURE 1. Herbarium specimens of Muscari pallens. A—Type specimens from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburg (E), B—Syntype from the Moscow herbarium (MW), C—Pictures of specimens from the Geneva herbarium (G) of the M. pallens used for species identification and D—Flower.
FIGURE 4 in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE 4. Dendrogram of eight hyacinths species using between-groups linkge At the Euclidean distance of 20, the eight were clustered into group I, II and III.
FIGURE. FISH karyotype pattern diagram of 8 diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple sensation' c.'Pink pearl' d.'Gypsy princess' e.'Blue pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellowstone' h.'Red pearl' Red point: 45S rDNA loci; Green point: 45S rDNA loci; Yellow point: ITR sites in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. FISH karyotype pattern diagram of 8 diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple sensation' c.'Pink pearl' d.'Gypsy princess' e.'Blue pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellowstone' h.'Red pearl' Red point: 45S rDNA loci; Green point: 45S rDNA loci; Yellow point: ITR sites
FIGURE. Results of FISH physical mapping on metaphase chromosomes of hyacinth 1. The distribution of 45S rDNA (red arrow) and 5S rDNA (green arrow) signals on the chromosomes; 2. The distribution of telomeric repeats signals on the chromosomes; 3. Chromosome karyotype with 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA; 4. Chromosome karyotype with telomeric repeats. A. 'Gypsy Queen' B.'Purple sensation' C.'Pink pearl' D.'Gypsy princess' E.'Blue pearl' F.'Odysseus' G.'Yellow stone' H.'Red pearl' in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. Results of FISH physical mapping on metaphase chromosomes of hyacinth 1. The distribution of 45S rDNA (red arrow) and 5S rDNA (green arrow) signals on the chromosomes; 2. The distribution of telomeric repeats signals on the chromosomes; 3. Chromosome karyotype with 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA; 4. Chromosome karyotype with telomeric repeats. A. 'Gypsy Queen' B.'Purple sensation' C.'Pink pearl' D.'Gypsy princess' E.'Blue pearl' F.'Odysseus' G.'Yellow stone' H.'Red pearl'
FIGURE. Eight diploid hyacinth cultivars a in Physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and telomeric repeat loci in eight diploid hyacinth cultivars
FIGURE. Eight diploid hyacinth cultivars a.'Gypsy Queen'; b.'Purple Sensation' c.'Pink Pearl' d.'Gypsy Princess' e.'Blue Pearl' f.'Odysseus' g.'Yellow Stone' h.'Red Pearl'
Figure 3 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 3. Hierarchical clustering, based on similarities in aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, of the sampling stations with a Ward linkage method and a Euclidian distance; Sa, Sahoua; Ah, Ahondo; Tc, Taabo cité; Co, Courandjourou; Tv, Taabo village.
Figure 5 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 5. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) diagram of macroinvertebrates collected from water hyacinth samples in relation to nine independent environmental variables measured: Temp., temperature; NH +, ammonium; pH; Trans., transparency; NO –, nitrate; Turb., 4 3 turbidity; PO 3–, phosphate; O, dissolved oxygen; and CND, conductivity.
Figure 2 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 2. Box-plots showing differences in physical and chemical variables between the two seasons (Rs = rainy season and Ds = dry season); box corresponds to 50% of the values, the square in the box corresponds to the median value and the vertical bars correspond to the minimum/maximum values.
Figure 1 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 1. Map of the man-made Taabo Lake, showing sampling stations (UTM, Universal Transverse Mercator) (Kouassi 2007).
Figure 4 in Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with root masses of water hyacinths, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, 1883 (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) in Taabo Lake, Ivory Coast
Figure 4. Box-plots showing differences in physical and chemical variables between the three clusters (I, II and III) identified on Figure 3; box corresponds to 50% of the values, the square in the box corresponds to the median value and the vertical bars correspond to the minimum/ maximum values; n = 10. (Continued)
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