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FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic reappraisal of Hynobius tokyoensis, with description of a new species from northeastern Honshu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 6. Open mouth of holotype (KUHE 21559) of Hynobius sengokui sp. nov. from Iwaki-shi, showing the shape of vomerine tooth series. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic reappraisal of Hynobius tokyoensis, with description of a new species from northeastern Honshu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 3. The ML tree constructed from concatenated 2,274 SNP sites extracted from 1,449 filtered reads of MIG-seq. Values at the nodes indicate support of 10,000 bootstrap replicates.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic reappraisal of Hynobius tokyoensis, with description of a new species from northeastern Honshu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 1. Histogram of the linear discriminant of the northern (black) and the southern (grey) clades of Hynobius tokyoensis.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic reappraisal of Hynobius tokyoensis, with description of a new species from northeastern Honshu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 5. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of male paratype (NSMT-H 17087) of Hynobius sengokui sp. nov. from Iwaki-shi. Scale bar shows 20 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic reappraisal of Hynobius tokyoensis, with description of a new species from northeastern Honshu, Japan (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 2. (A) Structure barplots showing estimated ancestries of 30 samples at K = 2 and 3. Boxes above barplots indicate clades inferred from phylogenetic analyses by MIG-seq and mtDNA. For sample numbers, refer to Table1. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) based on 1,427 SNP loci obtained by MIG-seq. The first two principal components are plotted.

FIGURE 10 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 10. Map of western Japan showing distributional range of Hynobius stejnegeri and three new species. Range hatched by black: H.guttatus sp. nov.; range hatched by orange: H. tsurugiensis sp. nov.; range hatched by green: H. kuishiensis sp. nov.; range hatched by red: H. stejnegeri. Areas colored by brown and blue within the distributional range of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. indicate the ranges of the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage and the Oda lineage, respectively.

FIGURE 9 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 9. Egg sacs of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov. (A) from Gifu Prefecture, H. tsurugiensis sp. nov., (B) from Mt. Tsurugi, H. kuishiensis sp. nov., (C) from Mt. Kuishi, and H. stejnegeri from Asakura-shi, Fukuoka Prefecture (D). Egg sacs A and D were laid in captive condition. Dorsal and lateral views of a full-grown larva (Stage 62–64) of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov. (E, F), H. tsurugiensis sp. nov. (G, H), H. kuishiensis sp. nov. (I), H. stejnegeri (J, K). Localities are same as those of egg sacs, respectively.

FIGURE 8 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 8. Vomerine teeth series of male holotype (T2804) of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov. (A); female holotype (T2096) of H. tsurugiensis sp. nov. (B); male holotype (KUHE18035) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. (C); and a male specimen (KUHE 28007) of H. stejnegeri (D) from Yamato-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture.

FIGURE 6 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 6. Plot of first against second (A, C) or third (B, D) canonical variates from CANDISC for five lineages in males (A, B) and females (C, D). Closed circles: the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangles: the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: the Oda lineage; Open inverted triangles: H. stejnegeri sensu stricto.

FIGURE 5. A in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 5. A neighbor-joining tree constructed from Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards' (1967) chord distance based on allozyme data (Tominaga et al. 2005a). Nodal values indicate bootstrap proportions in 1000 bootstrap replications. Numbers preceded by "L" indicate locality number.

FIGURE 4 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 4. Plot of first against second (A) or third (B) axes from principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on allozyme data (Tominaga et al. 2005a). Closed circles: the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangles: the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: the Oda lineage; Open inverted triangles: H. stejnegeri sensu stricto.

FIGURE 3 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 3. Genetic structure in each individual of H. stejnegeri sensu lato revealed by STRUCTURE analyses. A: Genetic structure at K=3, indicating the separation of three allopatric clusters corresponding to those by Tominaga et al. (2005a). B: The clustering result at K=4 by STRUCTURE analysis. C: The result at K=5, indicating the separations of five genetic groups (the Chubu-Kinki, Tsurugi, Ishizuchi-Kuishi+Oda, and northern and southern lineages of H. stejnegeri sensu stricto from Kyushu).

FIGURE 7 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 7. Dorsal and ventral views of male holotype (T2804) (A, B) of Hynobius guttatus sp. nov.; female holotype (T2096) (C) and a male paratype (T2873) (D, E) of H. tsurugiensis sp. nov.; male holotype (KUHE18035) (F) and a male paratype (KUHE24201) (G, H) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Mt. Kuishi, Kochi Prefecture, a male specimen (T2995) (I, J) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Mt. Ishizuchi, Ehime Prefecture, a male specimen (T2689) (K, L) of H. kuishiensis sp. nov. from Odamiyama, Uchiko-cho, Ehime Prefecture; and dorsal and ventral views of a male specimen (KUHE 28007) of H. stejnegeri (M, N) from Yamato-cho, Kumamoto Prefecture.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of western Japan showing distributional range and sampling localities of Hynobius stejnegeri sensu lato for genetic analyses. Range filled by dots: distributional range of H. stejnegeri sensu lato; Closed circles: sampling localities of the Chubu-Kinki lineage; Open triangle: sampling locality of the Tsurugi lineage; Closed squares: Sampling localities of the Ishizuchi-Kuishi lineage; Open diamonds: sampling localities of the Oda lineage; Open vertical triangles: Sampling localities of H. stejnegeri sensu stricto. Sampling locality numbers are attached to symbols. These locality numbers correspond to those in Figs. 2 and 5, and Table 1.

FIGURE 2 in A revision of Hynobius stejnegeri, a lotic breeding salamander from western Japan with a description of three new species (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)

FIGURE 2. ML tree based on the partial 16SrRNA gene for samples used. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap supports for ML inference. Numbers preceded by "L" indicate locality number. Numbers in parentheses indicate DDBJ accession numbers.

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic reassessment of salamanders (genus Hynobius) from Tsushima Islands Japan, with a resurrection of Hynobius tagoi Dunn, 1923 (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 18. An alive female (A: KUHE 60148), egg sacs (B: not captured), a larva (C: not captured), and breeding habitat (D) of H. tsuensis.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic reassessment of salamanders (genus Hynobius) from Tsushima Islands Japan, with a resurrection of Hynobius tagoi Dunn, 1923 (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 7. Dorsal and ventral views, and left side of the tail of a male topotypic (A, B, E; KUHE 58983) and a female topotypic specimens (C, D, F; KUHE 58709) of H. tagoi (Hynobius sp.) from Kamitsushima. A scale bar shows 10 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic reassessment of salamanders (genus Hynobius) from Tsushima Islands Japan, with a resurrection of Hynobius tagoi Dunn, 1923 (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 11. Boxplots showing maximum egg-sac length (MAESL), MAESL/ESW (egg-sac width), clutch size (CS), and unfertilized egg rate of four groups.

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic reassessment of salamanders (genus Hynobius) from Tsushima Islands Japan, with a resurrection of Hynobius tagoi Dunn, 1923 (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 10. Results of the canonical discriminant analysis for each sex (upper: males; lower: females) of the three species based on 25 morphometric characters. Triangles, inverse triangles, and circles indicate H. tsuensis, Hynobius sp. (H. tagoi), and H. nebulosus, respectively.

FIGURE 16 in Taxonomic reassessment of salamanders (genus Hynobius) from Tsushima Islands Japan, with a resurrection of Hynobius tagoi Dunn, 1923 (Amphibia: Caudata)

FIGURE 16. Dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C: right, D: left) views of male holotype of H. tagoi (CAS 26563). A white bar shows 10 mm. Photo by Erica J. Ely.