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FIGURE 6 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 6. Some bulbiliferous kalanchoes in the Arboretum d'Antsokay. A–B. Kalanchoe daigremontiana showing deeply peltate, longtriangular leaves that are apically acute. Abaxially, the leaves are greyish, and maculate with dark blotches especially towards the margins. The overall khaki green colouration and spotted petiole may suggest some influence from K. tubiflora. More conspicuously admixtured plants are known from other localities in the Toliara and Onilahy regions of Madagascar, as discussed in the text. C–E. Kalanchoe tubiflora showing some variation in the overall colouration of the plants. It is not known which of the forms of K. tubiflora that are cultivated in the Arboretum are native to the Toliara region, and which were introduced from elsewhere in Madagascar. Photographs: Jun Ikeda.

FIGURE 2 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 2. Comparison between two forms of Kalanchoe ×houghtonii Morphotype D, which is alternatively treated as K. daigremontiana and potentially represent K. daigremontiana × K. ×houghtonii. Both forms lack the large, medially inflated, orange, red or magenta flowers of the other K. ×houghtonii Morphotypes discussed in this paper, the leaf arrangement generally remains decussate, and the leaf blade base is peltate when plants reach maturity. A–D. A form originating from the Toliara region, southern Madagascar, showing saddle-shaped, peltate leaf blade bases on mature leaves, subentire margins on leaves of young plants, abaxial maculation patterns resembling those of K. daigremontiana, and uniquely, sepals that are barely fused. E–H. Kalanchoe 'Parsel Tongue', reportedly a garden hybrid that arose spontaneously, showing funnel-shaped peltate leaf blade bases on mature leaves, dentate margins even on leaves of young plants, uniquely granular abaxial maculation patterns distinct from those of any other kalanchoe of the K. daigremontiana species complex, and sepals that are fused for half of their length, as observed in K. daigremontiana. Also note that these two forms differ significantly in the length of their corollae. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 11 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 11. Two hybrids of the combination Kalanchoe daigremontiana × K. fedtschenkoi, created by Hung I Lu in cultivation in Israel (A, B), and created by Sheng Jian Lu in cultivation in Taiwan (C, D). A. Plant in bud with no bulbil formation or bulbil pedestals visible, though few occasional bulbils are produced. B. Two trilobate leaves, only barely auriculate. C. Dense inflorescences. D. Close up of the salmon-coloured flowers, showing a calyx tube longer than the free sepal segments. In the background, dentate, basally cuneate leaves are visible. Photographs: A–B, Ronen Shtein; C–D, Sheng Jian Lu.

FIGURE 10. A hybrid between Kalanchoe daigremontiana and K in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 10. A hybrid between Kalanchoe daigremontiana and K. laxiflora, created and cultivated, in Israel. A. Young plant in vegetative growth, showing some peltate leaves and almost exclusively mid-green colouration. B. A mature plant (top) compared to K. daigremontiana (bottom), showing heterosis with both leaf size and plant height greatly exceeding that of either parent. No bulbil pedestals are present, and a single bulbil is visible at the leaf apex. C. Close up of the abaxial leaf blade surface almost devoid of the dark purple-brown stripes characteristic of K. daigremontiana. D. Deep red flowers with a calyx tube longer than the free sepal segments. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 13 in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 13. Kalanchoe laetivirens × K. "Rauhii" produced by Sheng Jian Lu in cultivation in Taiwan. A. Plant in full flower, showing the distinctly pink colouration of the flowers, whitish green when emerging. B. The stem shows a transition from short, wide, basal nodes to longer and thinner, pink distal nodes. The abaxial leaf surface is somewhat pink and maculate in purple towards the margins. C. The peduncle. D–E. Leaves showing pink-coloured central adaxial veining, large erect projections from the auriculate leaf blade base, margins that are dentate with teeth subducted by recurved spathulate bulbil pedestals and bulbils, and a leaf apex that is rounded-cuneate and not acute. Photographs: Sheng Jian Lu.

FIGURE 12. A in Aspects of the taxonomy of the Kalanchoe daigremontiana species complex (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and associated interspecific hybrids in southern Madagascar, with the description of a new nothospecies, K. ×descoingsii (=K. laetivirens × K. tubiflora)

FIGURE 12. A. Bernard Marie Descoings (1931–2018), when visiting Mr Jean-Luc Billouet's succulent collection in April 2012. B. When aloe specialist Dr (h.c.) Gilbert W. Reynolds, visited Madagascar in the 1950s, Descoings, then a young man in his mid-20s, accompanied and assisted him (Reynolds 1958: 6–7, 146, Fig. 100, Reynolds 1966: ix, 515, Fig. 543). Descoings here stands next to a large specimen of Aloestrela suzannae (Decary 1921: 26) Molteno & Gideon F.Sm. in Smith & Molteno (2019: 5). The original of the black-and-white image was likely held in Herb. PRE along with parts of the archives of Reynolds, but is apparently no longer extant. Photographs: A, Jean-Luc Billouet; B, unknown; likely G.W. Reynolds.

FIGURE 2. A in Taxonomy and nomenclature of the southern Malagasy Kalanchoe peltigera, with reference to K. rosei var. seyrigii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 2. A. Flower (insert) and leaves and habit of horticultural material of Kalanchoe daigremontiana; cultivated in South Africa (insert) and in Israel. B. A "shield"-like leaf of K. peltigera bearing bulbils; a clone of the material deposited as the holotype, in cultivation in Japan, and a flower (insert), from the same clone, cultivated in Israel. C. General morphology of K. rosei var. rosei with trilobate leaves; cultivated in South Africa. D. Flowers and leaves of simple-, non-peltate-leafed Kalanchoe material such as this is often attributed to K. rosei var. rosei; cultivated in Israel. Photograph credits: A (insert). Gideon F. Smith; B. Jun Ikeda; C. Maddy Ogden; A, B (insert), D. Ronen Shtein. Elements are not to scale.

FIGURE 1. A. A in Taxonomy and nomenclature of the southern Malagasy Kalanchoe peltigera, with reference to K. rosei var. seyrigii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. A. A specimen on which the original description of K. rosei var. seyrigii was based, but here is attributed to K. peltigera, Seyrig 819 (P P00374207). B–E. Living material of R. Shtein 795, a clone of the holotype of Kalanchoe peltigera in the collection of one of us (RS), cultivated in Israel: B. Inflorescence. C. Typical "shield"-like leaf shape. D, E. Lobed, more oblong leaves. Photograph credits: all Ronen Shtein, except A. Herb. P.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of the southern Malagasy Kalanchoe peltigera, with reference to K. rosei var. seyrigii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 3. Comparison of leaves and flowers of living material historically associated with Kalanchoe rosei, to scale. A. K. ×richaudii. B. Two forms of what has been informally referred to as "K. Rauhii". C. K. rosei var. variifolia. D. Three forms of K. rosei var. seyrigii (D2 illustrates material erroneously referred to as "K. rosei cv. Seyrigi"). E. Material variously referred to K. rosei var. variifolia and K. rosei var. rosei. F. Two forms of simple-, non-peltate-leaved Kalanchoe often attributed to K. rosei var. rosei. G. Clone of the holotype of K. peltigera (R. Shtein 795). Photograph credits: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy and nomenclature of the southern Malagasy Kalanchoe peltigera, with reference to K. rosei var. seyrigii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 5. Comparison of leaves and flowers (inserts) of selected specimens of Kalanchoe rosei and K. peltigera, all elements to scale. A–B. Two specimens of K. rosei from the Onilahy region: A. P-P00444008 and B. P-P00444018. C–D. Two unusual specimens of K. peltigera from the Tsivory region: C. P-P00444011 and D. P-P00444012. E. Seyrig 819 (P-P00374207), a specimen of K. peltigera. F–G. Two specimens of K. rosei from between Tsivory and Behara: F. P-P00444006 and G. P-P00444003. H. Type of K. bouvieri, an abnormal form of K. rosei. I. Isotype of K. rosei (US00603536). Photographs of material held in the Vascular plants collection, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P) (A–H); and United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution (US) (I).

FIGURE 7 in Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material

FIGURE 7. Kalanchoe ×forbesiae commemorates Helena M.L. Forbes (1900–1959). Photographer unknown. Photograph © of the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Reproduced with permission.

FIGURE 5 in Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material

FIGURE 5. The leaves of Kalanchoe ×forbesiae are weakly red-infused, but the peduncles, especially higher up, are more intensely redinfused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material

FIGURE 3. Virtually all plant parts of the perennial Kalanchoe sexangularis are strongly red-infused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 6 in Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material

FIGURE 6. The corolla tubes and corolla lobes of K. ×forbesiae are virtually the same yellow colour, with the tubes being only faintly greenish-infused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in Kalanchoe ×forbesiae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) derived from K. lubangensis × K. sexangularis: towards improved horticultural material

FIGURE 4. The corolla tubes of Kalanchoe sexangularis are light green, like those of K. lubangensis. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 2. One of the paratypes of the name Kalanchoe wildii held at Herb. M. Metadata associated with the specimen are: ZIMBABWE [Süd-Rhodesia]. Marandellas [Marondera], 7 June 1941, G. Dehn 280 (M barcode M-0244481). Reproduced with permission, courtesy of the Botanische Staatssammlung München, Germany.

FIGURE 1 in Lectotypification of the name Kalanchoe wildii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. Lectotype of the name Kalanchoe wildii. Metadata associated with the specimen are: ZIMBABWE. District Victoria [Masvingo], Kyle National Park Game Reserve [Lake Mutirikwi Recreational Park], Chembira Hill, in pockets in the granite, 22 May 1971, R.K. Grosvenor 526 (SRGH herbarium accession number "CAS-SRGH-103384"). Image generated and supplied by C. Chapano. © SRGH.

FIGURE 2 in The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited

FIGURE 2. In Kalanchoe marmorata the corolla lobes are most often bright white, while the corolla tubes are white, more rarely creamy white, sometimes pale pinkish-infused, with the lower part of the tube usually gradually light green-infused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited

FIGURE 3. The leaves of Kalanchoe marmorata var. somaliensis are virtually throughout devoid of the characteristic purplish brown mottling found on one or both surfaces of the leaves of K. marmorata var. marmorata. The leaves of K. marmorata var. somaliensis are often larger than those of K. marmorata var. marmorata. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in The taxonomy of Kalanchoe marmorata Baker (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a distinctive African species, revisited

FIGURE 1. In most forms of Kalanchoe marmorata, here treated as K. marmorata var. marmorata, the leaves are glaucous to light greyish green and usually strongly and haphazardly purplish brown-marked. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.