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37 results for “Larus”
Supplementary data for the article: Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)
<p>R code and data for generating supplementary figures and tables for the article "Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)"</p>
Population structure and connectivity among coastal and freshwater Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) populations from Patagonia
<p>The genetic identification of significant evolutionary units and information on their connectivity can be used to design effective management and conservation plans. Despite having high dispersal capacity, several seabird species show population structure due to both abiotic and biotic barriers to gene flow. The Kelp Gull is the most abundant species of gull in the southern hemisphere. In Argentina it reproduces in both marine and freshwater environments, with more than 100,000 pairs following a metapopulation dynamic across 140 colonies in the Atlantic coast of Patagonia. However, little is known about the demography and connectivity of inland populations. We aim to provide information on the connectivity of the largest freshwater colonies (those from Nahuel Huapi Lake) with the closest Pacific and Atlantic populations to evaluate if these freshwater colonies are being subsidized by the larger coastal populations. We sampled three geographic regions (Nahuel Huapi Lake and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts) and employed a reduced-representation genomic approach to genotype individuals for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found, using clustering and phylogenetic analyses, that there are three genetic groups, each corresponding to one of our sampled regions. Individuals from marine environments are more closely related to each other than to those from Nahuel Huapi Lake, indicating that the latter population constitutes the first freshwater Kelp Gull colony to be identified as a significant evolutionary unit in Patagonia.</p>
Predominantly terrestrial foraging and reproductive gains from a high trophic level diet in roof-nesting Herring Gulls (<em>Larus argentatus</em>)
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Population structure and connectivity among coastal and freshwater Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) populations from Patagonia
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Data from: Reduced representation sequencing reveals weak genetic differentiation between Canadian and European Larus hyperboreus (Glaucous Gull)
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Data from: Extensive mitochondrial introgression in North American Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) from the American Herring Gull (Larus smithsonianus) with little nuclear DNA impact
Recent genetic studies have shown that introgression rates among loci may greatly vary according to their location in the genome. In particular, several cases of mito-nuclear discordances have been reported for a wide range of organisms. In the present study, we examine the causes of discordance between mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA introgression detected in North American populations of the Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), a Holarctic species, from the Nearctic North American Herring Gull (Larus smithsonianus). Our results show that extensive unidirectional mtDNA introgression from Larus smithsonianus into Larus marinus in North America cannot be explained by ancestral polymorphism but most likely results from ancient hybridization events occurring when Larus marinus invaded the North America. Conversely, our nuclear DNA results based on 12 microsatellites detected very little introgression from Larus smithsonianus into North American Larus marinus. We discuss these results in the framework of demographic and selective mechanisms that have been postulated to explain mito-nuclear discrepancies. We were unable to demonstrate selection as the main cause of mito-nuclear introgression discordance but cannot dismiss the possible role of selection in the observed pattern. Among demographic explanations, only drift in small populations and bias in mate choice in an invasive context may explain our results. As it is often difficult to demonstrate that selection may be the main factor driving the introgression of mitochondrial DNA in natural populations, we advocate that evaluating alternative demographic neutral hypotheses may help to indirectly support or reject hypotheses invoking selective processes.
FIGURE 2 in Neotypification of Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811 (Aves: Laridae)
FIGURE 2. Neotype of Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811b; ZIN 17184. Recto and verso of Suškin's field-label; see text for explanation. Photos: Vladimir M. Loskot, 7 June 2012.
FIGURE 1 in Neotypification of Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811 (Aves: Laridae)
FIGURE 1. Neotype of Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811b; ZIN 17184. Dorsal and ventral views. Photos: Vladimir M. Loskot, 7 June 2012.
Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)
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Data from: Extensive mitochondrial introgression in North American Great Black-backed Gulls (Larus marinus) from the American Herring Gull (Larus smithsonianus) with little nuclear DNA impact
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Data from: Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: insights from lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) tracked from multiple breeding colonies
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DELTATRACK - Herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) and lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus, Laridae) breeding at Neeltje Jans (Netherlands)
<p><em>DELTATRACK - Herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) and lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus, Laridae) breeding at Neeltje Jans (Netherlands)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data for the project/study <strong>DELTATRACK</strong>, using trackers developed by Ornitela (<a href="https://www.ornitela.com">https://www.ornitela.com</a>). The study has been operational since 2020. In total 99 individuals of European herring gull (<em>Larus argentatus</em>) and lesser black-backed gull (<em>Larus fuscus</em>) have been tagged in the breeding colony at Neeltje Jans in the Netherlands, mainly to study their use of offshore waters near the Borssele windpark. Data are automatically synced with Movebank and from there periodically archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study1258895879">1258895879</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/15696782/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>DELTATRACK-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>DELTATRACK-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Waardenburg Ecology, Buijs Eco Consult and Deltamilieu Projecten. Funding was provided by the Wozep programme of Rijkswaterstaat on behalf of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. All datasets from Wozep will be made publicly available, unless stated otherwise.</p>
Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should adjust their brood sex ratio to maximize fitness returns in relation to parental investment. Adaptive adjustment of sex ratio may be driven by differential costs of rearing sons and daughters or differential benefits of investing limited resources into offspring of different sex. In both cases, possible sex ratio bias should depend on parental condition. For sexually dimorphic birds with males larger than females, sons may be less likely to fledge since they are more vulnerable to food shortages or because they have impaired immunocompetence due to higher testosterone levels. Poor condition females should thus overproduce daughters to minimize possible reproductive failure. We manipulated the number of eggs laid and the amount of food available to laying females to induce differences in the condition in two gull species differing in sexual size-dimorphism. In the Black-headed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</em>), sexual size differences are marginal, but in the Mew Gull (Larus canus, MG) males are 11% larger. In both species, females forced to lay an additional egg (presumed in worse condition) overproduced daughters, while females receiving supplemental food before laying (presumed improved condition) overproduced sons. This sex ratio skew was larger in MG, species with larger size dimorphism. Chick immunocompetence at hatching was unrelated to sex, being higher in broods of fed mothers and lower for chicks hatched from last-laid eggs. Chick survival between hatching and day 5 post-hatch was positively related to their immunocompetence, but chicks from last-laid eggs and males of the more dimorphic species (MG) survived less well. Results indicate that costs of raising larger sex offspring coupled with parental condition shape brood sex ratio in populations studied. Adaptive brood sex ratio adjustment occurs mostly before egg-laying and includes differential sex allocation in eggs depending on the probability of producing a fledged chick.</p>
Data from: Short distance migrants travel as far as long distance migrants in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus
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Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
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Tracking and retention time data from Larus fuscus feeding at Doñana ricefields in Andalusia
<p>1. Non-frugivorous waterbirds disperse a wide variety of plants by endozoochory, providing longer dispersal distances than other mechanisms. Many waterbirds visit both agricultural and natural landscapes during their daily movements, but potential bird-mediated dispersal of weed plants within and from agricultural landscapes to other habitats is commonly overlooked. Gulls (Laridae) are expanding in numbers and increasingly exploiting anthropogenic habitats worldwide, with possible growing implications for the spread of weeds. Yet, to date there are no studies on the spatial distribution of weed dispersal by waterbirds.</p> <p>2. We developed a plant dispersal model based on movements of 19 <i>Larus fuscus</i> using ricefields, via GPS telemetry. We combined daily movements with two curves estimating the retention times (RT) of plant seeds in their guts: 1) an experimental curve based on RT in captivity for four weeds with dry fruits known to be dispersed by gulls: <i>Juncus bufonius</i>, <i>Cyperus difformis</i>, <i>Polypogon monspeliensis</i> and <i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i>; 2) a theoretical curve based on the interspecific scaling relationship between body mass and mean RT.</p> <p>3. Median dispersal distances of weed plant seeds by gulls ranged between 690-940 m, but maximum distances exceeded 100 km. The theoretical RT model showed higher median dispersal distances than the experimental RT model, but lower maxima (131 and 151 km, respectively). Spatial patterns of weed deposition were very similar between RT methods, and most strongly depended on gull movements. Variation between individual gulls had little influence on seed shadows. About 92% of all seeds (>10,000 intact seeds per day) were dispersed within the ricefield area of 370 km2. The remaining 8% of seeds were deposited beyond ricefields into other habitats, 42% of which reached moist environments (other irrigated agriculture, rivers and natural wetlands) presumably suitable for weed establishment.</p> <p>4. <i>Synthesis</i>: Gulls can disperse weed plants over long distances across a mosaic of habitats. This implies exchange of weed plant species between human-dominated and natural areas by waterbirds as dispersal vectors. This spatial study highlights the importance of non-frugivorous birds for long-distance plant dispersal, which is generally an overlooked mechanism in studies aiming to predict and manage expansion of weed plants.</p>
Tracking and retention time data from Larus fuscus feeding at Doñana ricefields in Andalusia
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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