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3,538 results for “Lizards”
Image 8. A in Taxonomic status of the arboreal Skink Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) in Sri Lanka and the redescription of Dasia subcaeruleum (Boulenger, 1891) from India
Image 8. A side of a Two Rupee note, of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, printed in 1979, by the Bank of Ceylon.
Image 4. Dasia subcaeruleum BNHS 1391 A in Taxonomic status of the arboreal Skink Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) in Sri Lanka and the redescription of Dasia subcaeruleum (Boulenger, 1891) from India
Image 4. Dasia subcaeruleum BNHS 1391 A - dorsal aspect, B - lateral aspect, and C - ventral aspect of head; D - lamellae on left fore limb, and E - lamellae on right hind limb.
Image 6 in Taxonomic status of the arboreal Skink Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) in Sri Lanka and the redescription of Dasia subcaeruleum (Boulenger, 1891) from India
Image 6. Dorsal view of Dasia halianus deposited in 1906, collected from Elehara (North Central Province)
Image 2 in Taxonomic status of the arboreal Skink Lizard Dasia halianus (Haly & Nevill, 1887) in Sri Lanka and the redescription of Dasia subcaeruleum (Boulenger, 1891) from India
Image 2. NMSL uncatalogued specimen of Dasia halianus A - dorsal aspect, B - lateral aspect, and C - ventral aspect of head; D - lamellae on right fore limb, and E - lamellae on left hind limb.
Data from: Heat tolerance is more variable than cold tolerance across species of Iberian lizards after controlling for intraspecific variation
<ol> <li>The widespread observation that heat tolerance is less variable than cold tolerance ('cold-tolerance asymmetry') leads to the prediction that species exposed to temperatures near their thermal maxima should have reduced evolutionary potential for adapting to climate warming. However, the prediction is largely supported by species-level global studies based on single estimates of both physiological metrics per taxon.</li> <li>We ask if cold-tolerance asymmetry holds for Iberian lizards after accounting for intraspecific variation in critical thermal maxima (CT<i><sub>max</sub></i>) and minima (CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>). To do so, we quantified CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> for 58 populations of 15 Iberian lizard species (299 individuals). Then, we randomly selected one population from each study species (population sample = 15 CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> values), tested for variance homoscedasticity across species, and repeated the test for thousands of population samples as if we had undertaken the same study thousands of times, each time sampling one different population per species.</li> <li>The ratio of variances in CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> across species varied up to 16-fold depending on the populations chosen. Variance ratios show how much CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> departs from the cross-species mean compared to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>, with a unitary ratio indicating equal variance of both thermal limits. Sampling one population per species was six times more likely to result in the observation of greater CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> variance ('heat-tolerance asymmetry') than cold-tolerance asymmetry. The null hypothesis of equal variance was twice as likely for cases of cold-tolerance asymmetry than for the opposite scenario.</li> <li>Range-wide, population-level studies that quantify heat and cold tolerance of individual species are urgently needed to ascertain the global prevalence of cold-tolerance asymmetry. While broad latitudinal clines of cold tolerance have been strongly supported, heat tolerance might respond to smaller-scale climatic and habitat factors hence go unnoticed in global studies. Studies investigating physiological responses to climate change should incorporate the extent to which thermal traits are characteristic of individuals, populations and/or species.</li> </ol>
Data from: Foraging mode constrains the evolution of cephalic horns in lizards and snakes
<p>A phylogenetically diverse minority of snake and lizard species exhibit rostral and ocular appendages that substantially modify the shape of their heads. These cephalic horns have evolved multiple times in diverse squamate lineages, enabling comparative tests of hypotheses on the benefits and costs of these distinctive traits. Here, we demonstrate correlated evolution between the occurrence of horns and foraging mode. We argue that although horns may be beneficial for various functions (e.g., camouflage, defence) in animals that move infrequently, they make active foragers more conspicuous to prey and predators, and hence are maladaptive. We therefore expected horns to be more common in species that ambush prey (entailing low movement rates) rather than in actively searching (frequently moving) species. Consistent with that hypothesis, our phylogenetic comparative analysis of published data on 1,939 species reveals that cephalic horns occur almost exclusively in sit-and-wait predators. This finding underlines how foraging mode constrains the morphology of squamates and provides a compelling starting point for similar studies in other animal groups.</p>
FIGURE 10 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 10. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on meristic variables (scale counts). See table 7 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.
FIGURE 8 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 8. Boxplots showing variation in scale counts among Tropidurus chromatops, T. etheridgei, and T. azurduyae.
FIGURE 7 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 7. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on morphometric variables. See table 4 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.
FIGURE 6 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 6. Live specimens of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 from isolated granitic outcrops ~30 km W Florida, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (14° 36′ 17.28″ S, 61° 29′ 32.64″ W — WGS84 system; ~309 m). A, C, Adult female (MHNC-R 3003). B, D, Adult male (MHNC-R 3018).
FIGURE 5 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 5. Adult male of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 (MHNC-R 3018), illustrating the expanded lateral neck mite pockets and the colorful facial mask with touches of blue and cream, characteristic of the species.
FIGURE 4 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype of Tropidurus azurduyae (adult male, MHNC-R 3011). A, Dorsal head. B, Ventral head. C, Lateral head. D, Ventral body. E, Lateral body. F, Dorsal body.
FIGURE 3 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 3. Live specimens of Tropidurus etheridgei Cei, 1982 and T. azurduyae. A, C, Adult male of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176273) from Orloff, Colonia 15, Filadelfia, Boquerón, Paraguay (22° 19′ 58.42″ S, 59° 55′ 00.02″ W — WGS84 system; ~136 m). B, D, Adult female of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176277) from Estancia Esmeraldas, Boquerón, Paraguay (20° 59′ 15.81″ S 61° 59′ 27.90″ W — WGS84 system; ~329 m). E, G, Adult female (allotype MHNC-R 3009) of T. azurduyae. F, H, Adult male (holotype MHNC-R 3011) of T. azurduyae.
FIGURE 1 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 1. Habitats visited in the Torotoro National Park, Potosí, Bolivia. A–D, Prepuna (18° 7′ 10.92″ S, 65° 48′ 30.24″ W — WGS84 system; ~2798 m). E–G, Inter-Andean dry valleys at the type locality of Tropidurus azurduyae (18° 5′ 54.24″ S, 65° 44′ 57.48″ W — WGS84 system; ~2264 m). H, Adult male of T. azurduyae, sighted (not collected) at the type locality of the species.
Tracing evolutionary trajectories in the presence of gene flow in South American temperate lizards (Squamata: Liolaemus kingii group)
<p>Evolutionary processes behind lineage divergence often involve multidimensional differentiation. However, in the context of recent divergences, the signals exhibited by each dimension may not converge. In such scenarios, incomplete lineage sorting, gene flow, and scarce phenotypic differentiation are pervasive. Here, we integrated genomic (RAD loci of 90 individuals), phenotypic (linear and geometric traits of 823 and 411 individuals, respectively), spatial, and climatic data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a speciation continuum of liolaemid lizards (<em>Liolaemus kingii</em> group). Specifically, we (i) inferred the population structure of the group and contrasted it with the phenotypic variability; (ii) assessed the role of post-divergence gene flow in shaping phylogeographic and phenotypic patterns; and (iii) explored eco-geographic drivers of diversification across time and space. We inferred eight genomic clusters exhibiting leaky genetic borders coincident with geographic transitions. We also found evidence of post-divergence gene flow resulting in transgressive phenotypic evolution in one species. Predicted ancestral niches unveiled suitable areas in southern and eastern Patagonia during glacial and interglacial periods. Our study underscores integrating different data and model-based approaches to determine the underlying causes of diversification, a challenge faced in the study of recently diverged groups. We also highlight <em>Liolaemus</em> as a model system for phylogeographic and broader evolutionary studies.</p>
How to render species comparable taxonomic units through deep time: A case study on intraspecific osteological variability in extant and extinct lacertid lizards
<p>Generally, the species is considered to be the only naturally occurring taxon. However, species recognized and defined using different species delimitation criteria cannot readily be compared, impacting studies of biodiversity through Deep Time. This comparability issue is particularly marked when comparing extant with extinct species because the only available data for species delimitation in fossils are derived from their preserved morphology, which is generally restricted to osteology in vertebrates. Here, we quantify intraspecific, intrageneric, and intergeneric osteological variability in extant species of lacertid lizards using pairwise dissimilarity scores based on a data set of 253 discrete osteological characters for 99 specimens referred to 24 species. Variability is always significantly lower intraspecifically than between individuals belonging to distinct species of a single genus, which is in turn significantly lower than intergeneric variability. Average values of intraspecific variability and associated standard deviations are consistent (with few exceptions), with an overall average within a species of 0.208 changes per character scored. Application of the same methods to six extinct lacertid species (represented by 40 fossil specimens) revealed that intraspecific osteological variability is inconsistent, which can at least in part be attributed to different researchers having unequal expectations of the skeletal dissimilarity within species units. Such a divergent interpretation of intraspecific and interspecific variability among extant and extinct species reinforces the incomparability of the species unit. Lacertidae is an example where extant species recognized and defined based on a number of delimitation criteria show comparable and consistent intraspecific osteological variability. Here, as well as in equivalent cases, application of those skeletal dissimilarity values to paleontological species delimitation potentially provides a way to ameliorate inconsistencies created by the use of morphology to define species.</p>
FIG. 9 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)
FIG. 9. — Pan-Shinisauridae,osteoderms, MNHN.F.MTC240-MTC242, specimen in: A, dorsal view; B, dorsal view; C, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 8 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)
FIG. 8. — Anguimorpha,?Anguidae, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC241: A, lingual view; B, labial view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 3 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)
FIG. 3. — Indeterminate Scincoidea, incomplete left dentary, MNHN.F.MTC244 A, labial view; B, lingual view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 4 in The lizard (Reptilia, Squamata) assemblage from the Paleocene of Montchenot (Paris Basin, MP6)
FIG. 4. —?Scincoidea, incomplete axis, MNHN.F.MTC242: A, lateral view; B, vental view; C, anterior view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.