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219 results for “Management Practices”
Karuk ecological fire management practices promote elk habitat in Northern California
<p>After a century of fire suppression and accumulating fuel loads in North American forests, prescribed burns are increasingly used to prevent conditions leading to catastrophic megafire. There is widespread evidence that prescribed fire was used by Indigenous communities to manage natural and cultural resources tribes for thousands of years. Wildlife habitat is an example of an ecological response that was actively managed with prescribed burns by Indigenous American peoples and is an important factor in western U.S. forest management planning, restoration and climate resilience efforts. We analyzed the effects of modern prescribed burns informed by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on the predicted change in elk winter habitat in Karuk aboriginal territory in Northern California between 2013 and 2018 using species distribution and simultaneous autoregressive modeling techniques. Burn types most closely resembling Karuk traditional practices, specifically those incorporating multiple-year broadcast burns, had significant positive effects on elk winter habitat suitability. Conversely, concentrated burns focused solely on reducing fuel loads had significant negative effects on elk winter habitat suitability. However, areas where these fuel-reduction burns were combined with multiple years of broadcast burns featured the highest increases in habitat. Our results suggest that transitioning to prescribed burns that more closely follow Karuk TEK will promote elk habitat in the region. This would be best achieved through continuing to work closely with Indigenous representatives to plan and implement cultural fire prescriptions on a landscape-scale, a trend we posit would benefit environmental management efforts across the globe.</p>
State of Practice and Challenges of Issue Management for Component-based and Service-Oriented Systems: An Empirical Study
<p>Modern software systems often consist of independently developed components, e.g., libraries or (micro-)services, that can be combined to form a larger architecture. Many of these components are developed externally, i.e., in other projects by other teams, which is particularly the case in service-oriented architectures. Even though the components are independently developed, bugs may arise that propagate along the call chains, which sometimes negatively affect the calling components. However, as such components are typically managed in separate issue management systems (IMS), identifying that a downstream component is affected by an upstream component's issues is complex and time-consuming. Even though some scientific works and IMS forums discuss how to manage such cross-component issues, there is no systematic study on the state of practice and the challenges of issue management when different components are affected. Therefore, this study aims to determine which types of components are usually included in modern software projects, how developers identify and manage issue propagation between components, and how often they face such propagations. To get these insights, we conducted an empirical study through a questionnaire with 64 industry experts and open-source contributors and interviewed seven of them. Our key takeaways help researchers and software engineers to understand possible impacts and to improve cross-component issue management. We identified, for example, that related issues currently are non-semantically linked via URLs in issue comments.</p>
Figure 2 in Spatial and temporal nesting pattern of Sea Turtles in Alas Purwo National Park, and its implications for conservation management practices
Figure 2. Trend of sea turtle nesting in the past 40 years at APNP: (A) L.olivacea, (B) C. mydas, (C) E. imbricata, and (D) D. coriacea.
Figure 1 in Spatial and temporal nesting pattern of Sea Turtles in Alas Purwo National Park, and its implications for conservation management practices
Figure 1. Study location in Alas Purwo National Park's Pancur-Cungur Coast with six hypothetical stations (dot: sector benchmark point).
Figure 4 in Spatial and temporal nesting pattern of Sea Turtles in Alas Purwo National Park, and its implications for conservation management practices
Figure 4. Number of four sea turtles nesting in each month during survey period: (A) L.olivacea, (B) C. mydas, (C) E. imbricata, and (D) D. coriacea.
When the practice does not meet the theory: results from an Italian survey on the clini-cal and pathway management of inpatients with decompressive craniectomy or cranioplasty admitted to rehabilitation
<p>Cranioplasty (CP) is supposed to improve the functional outcome of severe acquired brain injury (sABI) patients with decompressive craniectomy (DC). However, ongoing controversies exist regarding its indications, optimum materials, timing, complications, and relationships with hydrocephalus (HC). For these reasons, an International Consensus Conference (ICC) on CP in traumatic brain injury (TBI) was held in June 2018 to issue some recommendations.</p> <p>AIM: To investigate cross-sectionally before the ICC the prevalence of DC/CP in sABI inpatients admitted to neurorehabilitation units in Italy; to assess the perception of Italian clinicians working in the sABI neurorehabilitation settings on the management of inpatients with DC/CP during their rehabilitation stay.</p> <p>DESIGN: Cross-sectional.</p> <p>SETTING AND POPULATION: Physiatrists or neurologists working in 38 Italian rehabilitation centers involved in the care of sABI, giving a pooled sample of 599 inpatients.</p> <p>METHODS: Survey questionnaire consisting of 21 closed-ended questions with multiple-choice answers. Sixteen questions regarded the respondents' opinions and experiences regarding the clinical and management aspects of patients. Survey data were collected via e-mail between April and May 2018.</p>
"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18 in Collecting Sounds. Online Sharing of Field Recordings as Cultural Practice
"I'm something of an untrained, unofficial cultural anthropologist myself. Ihave a business interviewing people to capture their personal histories. I'm always interested how people fit into their world and how they affect their world. I'm a graphic designer who works in the same building as the printing presses that I recorded. Iwalk past the presses every day on my way to talk to the folks in the prepress department. I'm on friendly but not drinking terms with the pressmen. I'm a friend with the prepress manager. Three Heidelberg presses are installed side by side in an open warehouse-like room. The presses are about twenty feet long and about five feet high. With their series of four humps or mounds where each printing cylinder is located, the presses remind one of giant, gray, mechanical caterpillars. Each press has a cyan cylinder, a magenta cylinder, a yellow cylinder and a black cylinder – so the humps are brightly colored. The presses are well lit by banks of fluorescent lights hanging from the ceiling over each press. When you walk into the press room you hear the sound of rock music blaring from a boom box radio mixed with the general din of the presses. It is only when you walk up to a press like Idid for the recordings that you really start to hear the individual strains of clicking, clacking and mechanical, syncopated chattering. When I made my recordings I was intrigued by the subtle variations in the sounds produced by these machines that aren't apparent when you first walk through the door. The pressmen were kind enough to allow me to walk right up to the presses and poke my microphone quite close to the rotating press cylinders. Iuse a Danish Pro Audio microphone about the size of a pencil eraser. An extremely sensitive mic with the capacity for capturing loud sounds such as the presses up close. Rotating the mic to one side or the other focused on the unique sounds coming from one cylinder or the other." [Kevin/KMerrell]18
Agricultural plastic pollution reduces soil function even under best management practices
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Data from: Impacts of management practices on habitat selection during juvenile mountain lion dispersal
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Dataset and R code: Genetic diversity of lion populations in Kenya: evaluating past management practices and recommendations for future conservation actions by Chege M et.al
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Karuk ecological fire management practices promote elk habitat in Northern California
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Songbird yields resulting from different forest management practices in the Oregon Coast Range, 2019-2021
Data in this package was used to model the responses of forest songbirds to landscape scale forest management strategies. The majority of data was derived from emprical studies (avian point counts) conducted by the principal investigator or mined from the literature. Gaps in the data were filled in via expert opinion, considering the life history and habitat needs of the species.
Diversification and Management Practices in Selected European Regions. A Data-analysis of Arable Crops Production and soil organic carbon
<p>This data set contains a data-mining performed to assess the impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil organic carbon and crop yield in arable crops from four selected European pedoclimatic regions and typical cropping systems in the Atlantic, Boreal, Mediterranean North, and Mediterranean South regions. A further meta-analysis was performed with these data. </p> <p>These data correspond to the open-access articles:</p> <p>- Diversified Arable Cropping Systems and Management Schemes in Selected European Regions Have Positive Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Content. Agriculture 2019, 9, 261. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/9/12/261?type=check_update&version=2</p> <p>- Diversification and Management Practices in Selected European Regions. A Data-analysis of Arable Crops Production. Agronomy 2020, 10, 297; doi:10.3390/agronomy10020297. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/297</p> <p>- Deficit Drip Irrigation in Processing Tomato Production in the Mediterranean Basin: A Data Analysis for Italy. Agriculture 2019, 9, 79; doi:10.3390/agriculture9040079. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/9/4/79?type=check_update&version=2</p> <p>The research and publications have been funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. </p>
Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems
<p>This data set corresponds to the open-access article "Long-term effectiveness of sustainable land management practices to control runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss and the role of rainfall intensity in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems" published in CATENA. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104352</a>), funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. </p>
Data Management and Sharing: Practices and Perceptions of Psychology Researchers
<p class="CxSpFirst">Research data is increasingly viewed as an important scholarly output. While a growing body of studies have investigated researcher practices and perceptions related to data sharing, information about data-related practices throughout the research process (including data collection and analysis) remains largely anecdotal. Building on our previous study of data practices in neuroimaging research, we conducted a survey of data management practices in the field of psychology. Our survey included questions about the type(s) of data collected, the tools used for data analysis, practices related to data organization, maintaining documentation, backup procedures, and long-term archiving of research materials. Our results demonstrate the complexity of managing and sharing data in psychology. Data is collected in multifarious forms from human participants, analyzed using a range of software tools, and archived in formats that may become obsolete. As individuals, our participants demonstrated relatively good data management practices, however they also indicated that there was little standardization within their research group. Participants generally indicated that they were willing to change their current practices in light of new technologies, opportunities, or requirements. </p>
Best-practice forestry management delivers diminishing returns for coral reefs with increased land-clearing
<p>Protection of coastal ecosystems from deforestation may be the best way to protect coral reefs from sediment runoff. However, given the importance of generating economic activities for coastal livelihoods, the prohibition of development is often not feasible. In light of this, logging codes-of-practice have been developed to mitigate the impacts of logging on downstream ecosystems. However, no studies have assessed whether managed land-clearing can occur in tandem with coral reef conservation goals.</p> <p>This study quantifies the impacts of current land use and the risk of potential logging activities on downstream coral reef condition and fisheries using a novel suite of linked land-sea models, using Kolombangara Island in the Solomon Islands as a case study. Further, we examine the ability of erosion reduction strategies stipulated in logging codes-of-practice to reduce these impacts as clearing extent increases.</p> <p>We found that with present-day land use, reductions in live and branching coral cover and increases in turf algae were associated with exposure to sediment runoff from catchments and log ponds. Critically, reductions in fish grazer abundance and biomass were associated with increasing sediment runoff, a functional group that accounts for ~25% of subsistence fishing. At low clearing extents, although best management practices minimises the exposure of coral reefs to increased runoff, it would still result in 32% of the reef experiencing an increase in sediment exposure. If clearing extent increased, best management practices would have no impact, with a staggering 89% of coral reef area at risk compared to logging with no management.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Assessing trade-offs between coastal development and protection of marine resources is a challenge for decision makers globally. Although development activities requiring clearing can be important for livelihoods, our results demonstrate that new logging in intact forest risks downstream resources important for both food and livelihood security. Importantly, our approach allows for spatially-explicit recommendations for where terrestrial management might best complement marine management. Finally, given the critical degradation feedback loops that increased sediment runoff can reinforce on coral reefs, minimising sediment runoff could play an important role in helping coral reefs recover from climate-related disturbances.</p>
Sustainable landscape, soil and crop management practices enhance biodiversity and yield in conventional cereal systems
<p>1. Input-driven, modern agriculture is commonly associated with large-scale threats to biodiversity, the disruption of ecosystem services and long-term risks to food security and human health. A switch to more sustainable yet highly productive farming practices seems unavoidable. However, an integrative evaluation of targeted management schemes at field and landscape scales is currently lacking. Furthermore, the often-disproportionate influence of soil conditions and agrochemicals on yields may mask the benefits of biodiversity-driven ecosystem services.</p> <p>2. Here, we used a real-world ecosystem approach to identify sustainable management practices for enhanced functional biodiversity and yield on 28 temperate wheat fields. Using path analysis, we assessed direct and indirect links between soil, crop and landscape management with natural enemies and pests, as well as follow-on effects on yield quantity and quality. A paired-field design with a crossed insecticide-fertilizer experiment allowed us to control for the relative influence of soil characteristics and agrochemical inputs.</p> <p>3. We demonstrate that biodiversity-enhancing management options such as reduced tillage, crop rotation diversity and small field size can enhance natural enemies without relying on agrochemical inputs. Similarly, we show that in this system controlling pests and weeds by agrochemical means is less relevant than expected for final crop productivity.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Our study highlights soil, crop and landscape management practices that can enhance beneficial biodiversity while reducing agrochemical usage and negative environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. The diversification of cropping systems and conservation tillage are practical measures most farmers can implement without productivity losses. Combining local measures with improved landscape management may also strengthen the sustainability and resilience of cropping systems in light of future global change.</p>
Data for: The impacts of bioenergy pine plantation management practices on bee communities
<p>1. Cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks is a growing land-use worldwide, yet we have a poor understanding of how bioenergy crop management practices affect biodiversity. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for candidate cellulosic bioenergy feedstocks, such as tree plantations, and for organisms that provide important ecosystem services, such as pollinators.</p> <p>2. We examined bee communities in 83 sites across three states in the southeastern USA—Alabama, Florida and Georgia. We compared bee abundance and diversity in 66 pine plantation sites that reflect management with and without potential bioenergy feedstock production. At least three bioenergy feedstock production methods have been proposed for this region: 1) converting conventional timber stands to short-rotation bioenergy plantations; 2) harvesting feedstock by thinning conventional plantations; and 3) harvesting of woody debris residues after plantations have been clear-cut.</p> <p>3. We found that bioenergy-associated management practices including younger plantations (relative to older) and woody debris removal (relative to debris unremoved) in clear-cut plantations were associated with reduced bee diversity. Removing ground debris in clear-cut plantations also drastically increased bee abundance, though this effect was largely driven by strong dominance of just two bee species. Clear-cut plantations had lower beta diversity than standing plantations.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Management practices associated with bioenergy feedstock production can have negative effects on bee community diversity. In particular, harvesting of debris in clear-cut plantations dramatically reduces bee diversity. Large-scale bioenergy feedstock production that increases the prevalence of young and clear-cut stands may cause landscape-level beta diversity to decline. Nevertheless, bioenergy pine plantations likely support higher bee diversity than corn fields, an alternative bioenergy feedstock.</p>
Bird and vegetation diversity in Chaco forests under different cattle management practices
<p>Birds play key roles in forest dynamics, favoring the resilience of forests to cattle ranching. Generalist species may benefit from changes in the vegetation structure caused by cattle grazing while specialist species are usually negatively affected. Therefore, studying changes in taxonomic and functional bird diversity can provide valuable information in order to propose sustainable cattle management practices. Here, we study the influence of different cattle management practices (Cattle Exclusion: FCE; Continuous grazing: FCG; Rotational grazing: FRG; Seasonal grazing: FSG) on the understory vegetation structure, and the bird taxonomic and functional diversity in humid Chaco forests of Argentina. Forests under grazing had an open (FCG) or semi-open (FRG and FSG) understory, whereas FCE presented a closed understory with higher plant richness. Generalized linear models revealed a decrease in bird richness and abundance under most cattle management practices compared to FCE. However, FRG was most similar to FCE in terms of vegetation structure and showed no differences in bird richness. FCE presented the lowest values of functional diversity while FCG and FRG showed the highest values. A fourth-corner analysis showed that FCE was associated with insectivorous species which forage and nest in the shrub layer, reflecting a possible loss of ecosystem services in forests with cattle grazing. We propose FRG as the most appropriate cattle management option and the least detrimental to bird assemblages. However, maintaining protected areas that exclude cattle ranching activities will be key to striking a balance between the conservation of most specialist species and beef production.</p>
Data from: Different management practices influence growth of small plants in species-rich hay meadows through shading
<p>Data from: Different management practices influence growth of small plants in species-rich hay meadows through shading, published in Applied Vegetation Science. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and Dry Matter Yield (DMY)</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.