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FIGURE 2 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects
FIGURE 2. Photographs of packing and transport of bamboo corsets on the Tendaguru hill, A) MfN HBSB PM_B_IV_0072, and B) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_156, local workers producing and filling bamboo corsets, C) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_160, workers have gathered to start their march to Lindi with the bamboo corsets, D) MfN HBSB PM_B_V_168, long column of carriers following the small foot path to Lindi with bamboo corsets either between them or carried on the head. E) Aquilion CX CT scanner at the IZW, this machine was used to scan all 40 bamboo corsets, F) wooden crates from Quarry Ig/WJ on their way through the Toshiba Aquilion One CT scanner at the Charité, photograph by Oliver Wings.
FIGURE 7 in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects
FIGURE 7. Examples of bone elements from Kentrosaurus aethiopicus as found in the bamboo corsets link to corresponding movies. A) "Ig88", bamboo corset with two caudal vertebral centra (one of them with separate neural arch), a haemapophysis, a distal part of humerus, femur and ilium and ischium fragments of Kentrosaurus, and vertebral centra of Dysalotosaurus; B) "Ig 277, 279, 284", remains of one right scapula and humerus and proximal part of left scapula, and tibia of Dysalotosaurus; C) Crate "Ig_2011_1", ulna of Kentrosaurus, and several long bones and bone fragments of Dysalotosaurus. Scale bar is 100 mm. Abbreviations: bf, bone fragment; dife, distal femur; dihu, distal humerus; haem, haemapophysis; hu, humerus; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; scap, scapula; uln, ulna; vc, vertebral centrum. Videos of A) to C) available at the PE You Tube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF6IBDiGbut- DrVada60Izyg)
FIGURE 1. A in Description of contents of unopened bamboo corsets and crates from Quarry Ig/WJ of the Tendaguru locality (Late Jurassic, Tanzania, East Africa) as revealed by medical CT data and the potential of this data under paleontological and historical aspects
FIGURE 1. A) Entries in field catalogue of Janensch (1909-1911) for Quarry Ig/WJ page 73 and page 143. Photographs of original packed items from Quarry Ig/WJ.B) clay jacket Ig294, C) tin can filled with small bones from Quarry Ig/WJ and padded with pieces of cotton, scale bar for B) and C) is 50 mm. D) baobab fruit capsule filled with small bones and vertebrae from Quarry Ig/WJ, padded with a bundle of savanna grass, not to scale, E) opened bamboo corset from Quarry Ig/WJ containing four clay jackets (one partially with plaster of paris) on a thick layer of savanna grass (this photograph is also used in Heinrich and Schultka, 2007: Abb. 32), F) Close-up of one of the studied bamboo corsets in the collection of the MfN with original ink labelling and paper label visible, scale bar for E) and F) is 80 mm. G) Section of several bamboo corsets as stored at the collection of the MfN, not to scale. Photographs B) to E) by Carola Radke, and photographs F) and G) by Hwa Ja Götz, both MfN.
Data for Medical Data Science Shortcourse
<p>This is a .csv version of the World Bank Data on Health Nutrition and Population, cf. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/health-nutrition-and-population-statistics and derived data sets for training purposes.</p> <p> </p>
Immersive haptic simulation for training nurses in emergency medical procedures - Data collected and statistical analysis
<p>Data collected during the evaluation presented in "Haptic simulation for emergency procedures in nursing training" paper.</p> <table> <caption>HR ALL</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Measure 1</th> <th> </th> <th>Measure 2</th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>2.857</td> <td>29</td> <td>0.008</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-8.089</td> <td>29</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>7.567</td> <td>29</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-2.962</td> <td>29</td> <td>0.006</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><em>Note.</em> Paired samples student's t-test.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table> <caption>HR FIRST MANN</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Measure 1</th> <th> </th> <th>Measure 2</th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>1.665</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.118</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-7.104</td> <td>14</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>6.498</td> <td>14</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-1.461</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.166</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><em>Note.</em> Paired samples student's t-test.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table> <caption>HR FIRST VR</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>Measure 1</th> <th> </th> <th>Measure 2</th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>2.341</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.035</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-4.612</td> <td>14</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>4.482</td> <td>14</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>-</td> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-2.688</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.018</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><em>Note.</em> Paired samples student's t-test.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table> <caption>HR BETWEEN GROUPS</caption> <thead> <tr> <th> </th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Mann pre HR</td> <td>-1.958</td> <td>28</td> <td>0.060</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mann post HR</td> <td>-1.902</td> <td>28</td> <td>0.068</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VR pre HR</td> <td>-4.013</td> <td>28</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>VR post HR</td> <td>-2.344</td> <td>28</td> <td>0.026</td> </tr> <tr> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td><em>Note.</em> Independent samples student's t-test.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table> <caption>Physiological T-Test results for the participants who started the experiment performing the procedure in the mannequin.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>First variable</th> <th>μ</th> <th>σ</th> <th>Second variable</th> <th>μ</th> <th>σ</th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>SBP pre-mannequin</td> <td>128.333</td> <td>10.715</td> <td>SBP pre-simulator</td> <td>134.533</td> <td>11.819</td> <td>-1.870</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.083</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SBP post-mannequin</td> <td>125.600</td> <td>11.648</td> <td>SBP post-simulator</td> <td>131.467</td> <td>14.643</td> <td>-2.094</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.055</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DBP pre-mannequin</td> <td>80.133</td> <td>5.527</td> <td>DBP pre-simulator</td> <td>81.533</td> <td>9.039</td> <td>-0.623</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.544</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DBP post-mannequin</td> <td>78.667</td> <td>6.956</td> <td>DBP post-simulator</td> <td>81.400</td> <td>8.475</td> <td>-2.073</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.057</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HR pre-mannequin</td> <td>92.133</td> <td>14.837</td> <td>HR pre-simulator</td> <td>75.733</td> <td>9.9625</td> <td>6.498</td> <td>29</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HR post-mannequin</td> <td>87.400</td> <td>9.132</td> <td>HR post-simulator</td> <td>91.400</td> <td>14.217</td> <td>-1.461</td> <td>29</td> <td>0.166</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>SBP = Systolic blood pressure. DBP = Diastolic blood pressure. HR = Heart Rate.</p> <table> <caption>Physiological T-Test results for the participants who started the experiment performing the procedure in the ParaVR simulator.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>First variable</th> <th>μ</th> <th>σ</th> <th>Second variable</th> <th>μ</th> <th>σ</th> <th>t</th> <th>df</th> <th>p</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>SBP pre-mannequin</td> <td>119.067</td> <td>12.898</td> <td>SBP pre-simulator</td> <td>130.600</td> <td>12.188</td> <td>-3.799</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.002</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SBP post-mannequin</td> <td>117.533</td> <td>13.410</td> <td>SBP post-simulator</td> <td>128.200</td> <td>13.385</td> <td>-4.022</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DBP pre-mannequin</td> <td>76.533</td> <td>8.943</td> <td>DBP pre-simulator</td> <td>80.200</td> <td>6.899</td> <td>-1.815</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.091</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DBP post-mannequin</td> <td>74.333</td> <td>8.541</td> <td>DBP post-simulator</td> <td>79.133</td> <td>7.864</td> <td>-2.003</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.065</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HR pre-mannequin</td> <td>102.067</td> <td>12.876</td> <td>HR pre-simulator</td> <td>91.533</td> <td>11.825</td> <td>4.482</td> <td>29</td> <td>< .001</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HR post-mannequin</td> <td>95.867</td> <td>14.623</td> <td>HR post-simulator</td> <td>103.667</td> <td>14.450</td> <td>-2.688</td> <td>29</td> <td>0.018</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2017 dataset)
<p>A critical component of building capacity in Liberia's physician workforce involves strengthening the country's only medical school, A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine. Beginning in 2015, senior health sector stakeholders in Liberia invited faculty and staff from U.S. academic institutions and non-governmental organizations to join a partnership focused on improving undergraduate medical education in Liberia. Over the subsequent six years, the members of this partnership came together through an iterative, mutual-learning process and created what William Torbert et al describe as a "community of inquiry," in which practitioners and researchers pair action and inquiry toward evidence-informed practice and organizational transformation. This community of inquiry developed around a few key institutional and interpersonal relationships but expanded over time. Incorporating faculty, practitioners, and students from Liberia and the U.S., the community of inquiry consistently focused on following the vision, goals, and priorities of leadership in Liberia, irrespective of funding source or institutional affiliation. The work of the community of inquiry has incorporated multiple mixed methods assessments, stakeholder discussions, strategic planning, and collaborative self-reflection, resulting in transformation of M.D. education in Liberia. We suggest that the community of inquiry approach reported here can serve as a model for others seeking to form sustainable, international global health partnerships focused on organizational transformation.</p>
Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2016 dataset)
<p class="MsoNormal">A critical component of building capacity in Liberia's physician workforce involves strengthening the country's only medical school, A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine. Beginning in 2015, senior health sector stakeholders in Liberia invited faculty and staff from U.S. academic institutions and non-governmental organizations to join a partnership focused on improving undergraduate medical education in Liberia. Over the subsequent six years, the members of this partnership came together through an iterative, mutual-learning process and created what William Torbert et al describe as a "community of inquiry," in which practitioners and researchers pair action and inquiry toward evidence-informed practice and organizational transformation. This community of inquiry developed around a few key institutional and interpersonal relationships but expanded over time. Incorporating faculty, practitioners, and students from Liberia and the U.S., the community of inquiry consistently focused on following the vision, goals, and priorities of leadership in Liberia, irrespective of funding source or institutional affiliation. The work of the community of inquiry has incorporated multiple mixed methods assessments, stakeholder discussions, strategic planning, and collaborative self-reflection, resulting in transformation of M.D. education in Liberia. We suggest that the community of inquiry approach reported here can serve as a model for others seeking to form sustainable, international global health partnerships focused on organizational transformation.</p>
Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2018 dataset)
<p>A critical component of building capacity in Liberia's physician workforce involves strengthening the country's only medical school, A.M. Dogliotti College of Medicine. Beginning in 2015, senior health sector stakeholders in Liberia invited faculty and staff from U.S. academic institutions and non-governmental organizations to join a partnership focused on improving undergraduate medical education in Liberia. Over the subsequent six years, the members of this partnership came together through an iterative, mutual-learning process and created what William Torbert et al describe as a "community of inquiry," in which practitioners and researchers pair action and inquiry toward evidence-informed practice and organizational transformation. This community of inquiry developed around a few key institutional and interpersonal relationships but expanded over time. Incorporating faculty, practitioners, and students from Liberia and the U.S., the community of inquiry consistently focused on following the vision, goals, and priorities of leadership in Liberia, irrespective of funding source or institutional affiliation. The work of the community of inquiry has incorporated multiple mixed methods assessments, stakeholder discussions, strategic planning, and collaborative self-reflection, resulting in transformation of M.D. education in Liberia. We suggest that the community of inquiry approach reported here can serve as a model for others seeking to form sustainable, international global health partnerships focused on organizational transformation.</p>
Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03973931. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 18.
Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2016 dataset)
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Data from: A novel laboratory method to simulate climatic stress with successful application to experiments with medically relevant ticks
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Data from: Multisensory perceptual and causal inference is largely preserved in medicated post-acute individuals with schizophrenia
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Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2017 dataset)
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Data from: Transforming medical education in Liberia through an international community of inquiry (2018 dataset)
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Medical interview score data from PostCC-OSCE and programs for an extended many-facet IRT model
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In-hospital patient safety events, healthcare costs and utilization: an analysis of data from the incident reporting system in an academic medical center
<p>Raw Datasets for the study 'In-hospital patient safety events, healthcare costs and utilization: an analysis of data from the incident reporting system in an academic medical center'.</p>
Data from: Evaluation of a pharmacist-led actionable audit and feedback intervention for improving medication safety in primary care: an interrupted time series analysis
<p><strong>Background</strong>. We evaluated the impact of a pharmacist-led Safety Medication dASHboard (SMASH) intervention on medication safety in primary care.<br> <strong>Methods and findings</strong>. SMASH comprised: (1) training of clinical pharmacists to deliver the intervention; (2) a web-based dashboard providing actionable, patient-level feedback; and (3) pharmacists reviewing individual at-risk patients, and initiating remedial actions or advising general practitioners on doing so. It was implemented in forty-three general practices covering a population of 235,595 people in Salford (Greater Manchester), UK. All practices started receiving the intervention between 18 April 2016 and 26 September 2017. We used an interrupted time series analysis of rates of potentially hazardous prescribing and inadequate blood-test monitoring, comparing observed rates post-intervention to extrapolations from a 24-month pre-intervention trend. The number of people registered to participating practices and having one or more risk factors for being exposed to hazardous prescribing or inadequate blood-test monitoring at the start of the intervention was 47,413 (males: 23,073 [48.7%]; mean age: 60 [standard deviation: 21]). At baseline, 95% of practices had rates of potentially hazardous prescribing (composite of 10 indicators) between 0.88% and 6.19%. The prevalence of potentially hazardous prescribing reduced by 27.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.3% to 36.8%) at 24 weeks and by 40.7% (95% CI, 29.1% to 54.2%) at twelve months after introduction of SMASH. The rate of inadequate blood-test monitoring (composite of 2 indicators) reduced by 22.0% (95% CI, 0.2% to 50.7%) at 24 weeks and by 23.5% (95% CI, -4.5% to 61.6%) at 12 months. After 12 months, 95% of practices had rates of potentially hazardous prescribing between 0.74% and 3.02%. We did not randomise practices but enrolled them in a naturalistic fashion. All our measurements were based on routinely kept electronic health records.<br> <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The SMASH intervention was associated with reduced rates of potentially hazardous prescribing and inadequate blood-test monitoring in general practices. This reduction was sustained over 12 months after start of the intervention for prescribing but not for monitoring of medication. There was a marked reduction in the variation in rates of high-risk prescribing between practices.</p>
Data set for survey questionnaires to assess self-medication practices
<p>This is pubmed and web of science data sets for a review on self medication survey questionnaires. </p>
Study protocol and data dictionary: Effectiveness of a GP delivered medication review in reducing polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with multimorbidity in Irish primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial (SPPiRE study)
<p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><strong>Study design and participants</strong></p> <p>The methods for the SPPiRE cluster RCT have been described in the trial protocol (21). This study is reported in line with the CONSORT 2010 cluster RCT checklist (22), see Appendix 1, and was approved by the Irish College of General Practitioners Research Ethics Committee. In brief, SPPiRE was a pragmatic two arm cluster RCT, with the intervention delivered to GP clusters and analysis of outcomes at the patient level. Information about the trial was publicised through a variety of GP research, teaching and training networks throughout Ireland. Eligible practices expressing an interest were formally invited. Practices were eligible to participate if they had at least 300 registered patients aged ≥65 years (based on the need to identify a sufficient number of eligible participants) and used either of the two Irish GP practice management systems (PMS) with over 80% national cover; this enabled use of a SPPiRE patient finder tool which was developed and embedded into these systems. Practices were excluded if they were currently involved in a medication management or prescribing trial or if they were unable to recruit at least five participants.</p> <p>Eligible patients were aged ≥65 years and prescribed ≥15 repeat medicines. A repeat medicine was defined as any unique item with a World Health Organisation Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code on the patient’s current repeat prescription. Patients were excluded if they had been recruited into a practice that was unable to recruit at least four other participants, they were judged by their GP as unable to give informed consent or they were unable to attend the practice for a face to face medication review, (e.g. nursing home residents and house bound patients). Recruited GPs ran the SPPiRE patient finder tool and screened the generated list to ensure only eligible patients were invited. Practices who identified more than 40 eligible patients were supported in selecting a random sample of 30 patients to invite. All recruited practices and patients gave fully informed consent and baseline data was collected prior to practice allocation, to reduce the likelihood of selection bias.</p> <p><strong>Randomisation and masking</strong></p> <p>Recruited practices were allocated to intervention or control groups by minimisation using Minimpy software (23) by the trial statistician (FB) who had no knowledge of participating practices. Minimisation variables included practice size (number of GP sessions per week, 0-14, 14-28 and 28 or more) and location (urban, rural or mixed). Considering the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to blind GPs or patients to the intervention, however to reduce the risk of detection bias the two primary outcome measures; the number of repeat medicines and whether a PIP was present were assessed by an independent blinded pharmacist (MF).</p> <p><strong>Procedures</strong></p> <p>Intervention GPs received unique login details to the SPPiRE website where they had access to five training videos and a template for performing the SPPiRE medication review. The training videos provided background information on multimorbidity and polypharmacy, PIP, eliciting patient treatment priorities and conducting a brown bag medication review. GPs were instructed to book a double appointment and to ask their patients to bring all their medicines in to the medication review visit with them. The SPPiRE medication review process had two main components; gather and record information and then to discuss and agree changes with their patient based on the recorded information, with a focus on deprescribing medicines that were potentially inappropriate, figure 1. The website provided suggested treatment alternatives for identified PIP but all treatment decisions were ultimately at the discretion of the individual GP, based on their clinical judgement and their patients’ individual priorities.</p> <p>Control GPs delivered usual care during the six to twelve month study period. At the time of intervention delivery there was no structured chronic disease management programme in Irish primary care and many patients with multimorbidity attended multiple hospital specialists. In Ireland, the majority of people aged ≥70 years of age have access to free GP visits and medicines with some prescription charge co-payments. In the 65 – 69 year old age category a lower proportion have access to both free GP visits and prescription medicines. Access to specialists and diagnostics in secondary care is free for the entire population.</p> <p><strong>Outcomes</strong></p> <p>The two primary outcomes were the number of repeat medicines and the proportion of patients with any PIP, from a list of 34 pre-specified indicators (see Appendix 2). A series of secondary prescribing related outcome measure were pre-specified to allow a more in depth analysis of the effect of the intervention on prescribing. These were:</p> <ul> <li>The number of medicines stopped and started</li> <li>The proportion of patients with a reduction in significant polypharmacy (defined as ≥15 repeat medicines)</li> <li>The number of PIP</li> <li>The proportion of patients with a high risk PIP (see Appendix 2)</li> <li>The proportion of patients with any reduction in PIP</li> </ul> <p>Secondary patient reported outcomes measures were included to capture the effectiveness of the intervention from the patients’ perspective. These were:</p> <ul> <li>Health related Quality of life (EQ5D-5L)(24)</li> <li>Revised Patients' attitudes towards deprescribing (rPATD) (25)</li> <li>Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) (26)</li> </ul> <p>Health care utilisation data was collected to assess the effect of the intervention on health care usage and for the trial’s economic evaluation.</p> <p>Outcomes were collected at baseline and at six months after intervention delivery. Patient reported measures were collected by postal questionnaires. Data for all other measures including prescribed medicines, medical and investigations history and healthcare utilisation were collected by participating GPs and submitted to the study manager (CMC). This was a deviation from the original protocol, which indicated this data would be collected by the research team. This deviation related to changes in data protection and national health research regulations during the study period, which precluded research team access to the patients’ full clinical record.</p> <p><strong>Adverse events</strong></p> <p>Information on adverse events such as mortality, ED presentations and hospital admissions was collected at follow up. Given the deprescribing approach of the intervention a safety protocol for identifying and reporting any suspected adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs) was developed. An ADWE is defined as either recurrence of the condition for which the drug was prescribed (e.g. recurrence of angina after stopping a beta blocker) or a physiologic reaction to drug withdrawal (e.g. SSRI withdrawal syndrome) (27, 28). Although discontinuing medicines in older people has been demonstrated to be safe (29), given the paramount importance of the principle of “do no harm” in research ethics a vigorous and detailed method was established to ensure that any potential ADWEs precipitated by deprescribing in a SPPiRE medication review were captured. Intervention GPs were asked to report any possible ADWE following the SPPiRE medication review. The Naranjo ADR probability scale (30) has been adapted in other studies to assess the likelihood a reaction is related to drug withdrawal (27, 28). This tool was further adapted for SPPiRE and used to make an assessment on the causality of the ADWE. To ensure the patient perspective was included, self-reported possible ADWEs were also collected from patient follow up questionnaires. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Sample size</strong></p> <p>As outlined in the trial protocol (21), the study was designed with 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the proportion with PIP and a mean difference of one medicine between intervention and control groups (based on a mean of 17.4 medicines SD (2.6)) and the sample size inflated to incorporate the effects of clustering (using an ICC of 0.025). The sample size was recalculated when it became apparent during early recruitment that it would not be possible to recruit clusters with an average of 15 participants, as was initially planned in the protocol. An average cluster size of eight was anticipated which inflated the original sample size from 30 practices (450 patients) to 50 practices (400 patients).</p> <p><strong>Statistical analysis</strong></p> <p>Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline characteristics of recruited practices and participants. All analyses were conducted under the intention-to-treat principle and those lost to follow up had their baseline data carried forward. The primary analysis was carried out using multi-level modelling. The first primary outcome measure, number of repeat medications, was assessed using mixed effects Poisson regression with the individual as the unit of analysis and the practice included as the random effect to control for the effects of clustering and results presented using incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The baseline number of medicines, GP size (number of GP sessions per week) and GP location (urban/rural) were included in the analysis as fixed effects. The second outcome measure, proportion of patients with a PIP, was analysed in a similar manner using mixed effects logistic regression, including PIP at baseline, GP size and location, and results presented using odd ratios (OR) and 95% CIs. A number of pre-specified sensitivity analyses were conducted; complete case analysis, per protocol analysis and including “presence of a repeat prescribing policy” as a covariate. All secondary outcomes were analysed in a similar manner to the primary outcomes, using appropriate mixed effects regression methods (i.e. linear, logistic, Poisson).</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: Version 3 (published 28 April 2025) updates Version 2 by removing Participant GP1P4 following consent withdrawal. This version should be used for all future analyses.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Effectiveness of Online Off-the-Job Training in Attracting Participants and Video-On-Demand Streaming in Improving Work-Life Balance: A Study Focusing on Medical Technologists
<p>The Nara Association of Medical Technologists has introduced online Off-Job Training (Off-JT) starting from FY2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the online Off-JT, which differs from the traditional face-to-face format. Firstly, we compared the online format's ability to attract participants with the face-to-face format based on the number of training sessions and attendees. Despite having fewer training sessions (40.8% less), the online format had an average attendance of 105.4% higher (39.7 vs. 19.3) than the face-to-face format. To enhance participant convenience, we offered a limited number of live and video-on-demand (VOD) sessions on YouTube, evaluating their usefulness through an online survey focusing on work-life balance (WLB). The survey results showed that 81.9% (458/559) of respondents reported an improvement in WLB. The effect on WLB improvement varied depending on the viewing method, with VOD sessions showing 84.1% (376/447) and live sessions showing 73.2% (82/112). We believe that the increased ability to attract participants in the online Off-JT is mainly due to the elimination of travel burdens through internet-connected devices. The combination of live and VOD sessions on YouTube allowed participants to adjust their viewing time, leading to better allocation of free time and improved WLB. The online Off-JT and VOD delivery have shown to enhance convenience for participants by removing geographical and time constraints, resulting in positive effects.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.