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opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Data from: Pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in Drosophila melanogaster infected with bacteria

The activation of the immune system upon infection exerts a huge energetic demand on an individual, likely decreasing available resources for other vital processes, like reproduction. The factors that determine the trade-off between defensive and reproductive traits remain poorly understood. Here, we exploit the experimental tractability of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to systematically assess the impact of immune system activation on pre-copulatory reproductive behaviour. Contrary to expectations, we found that male flies undergoing an immune activation continue to display high levels of courtship and mating success. Similarly, immune-challenged female flies remain highly sexually receptive. By combining behavioural paradigms, a diverse panel of pathogens and genetic strategies to induce the fly immune system, we show that pre-copulatory reproductive behaviours are preserved in infected flies, despite the significant metabolic cost of infection.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Distinct signals of clinal and seasonal allele frequency change at eQTLs in Drosophila melanogaster

Populations of short-lived organisms can respond to spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity through local adaptation. However, the comparative signals of local adaptation across space and time remains poorly understood. Here, we examined patterns of allele frequency change across a latitudinal cline and between seasons at previously reported expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). We divided eQTLs into groups by utilizing differential expression profiles of fly populations collected across latitudinal clines or exposed to different environmental conditions. In general, we find that eQTLs are enriched for clinally varying polymorphisms, and that these eQTLs change in frequency in concordant ways across the cline and in response to starvation and chill-coma. The enrichment of eQTLs among seasonally varying polymorphisms is more subtle, and the direction of allele frequency change at eQTLs appears to be somewhat idiosyncratic. Taken together, we suggest that clinal adaptation at eQTLs is at least partially distinct from seasonal adaptation.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Genome-wide selection signatures reveal widespread synergistic effects of two different stressors in Drosophila melanogaster: scripts and files

Pipeline and analysis scripts as well as final data files

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Genome annotations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans wild-type strains from long read sequencing assemblies

Genome assemblies were performed for eight wild-type strains of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans from Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing (please refer to Mohamed et al. Cells 2020 (doi:10.3390/cells9081776)). Assemblies were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at EMBL-EBI under accession number PRJEB50024 (<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEBxxxx">https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/</a>PRJEB50024). Transposable Element annotations: we used RepeatMasker 4.1.0 (<a href="http://repeatmasker.org/">http://repeatmasker.org/</a>) -species Drosophila, followed by OneCodeToFindThemAll (Bailly-Bechet et al. 2014) with default parameters. Gene annotations: We retrieved gtf files from FlyBase : <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/D</a><a>rosophila_melanogaster/dmel_r6,46_FB2022_03/gft/dmel-all-r6.46.gtf.gz</a> and <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_simulans/dsim_r2,02_FB2017_04/gtf/dsim-all-</a><a>r2,02.gtf.gz</a>. The corresponding fasta files were also downloaded from FlyBase: <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_melanogaster/dmel_r6,46_FB2022_03/</a><a>fasta</a><a>/dmel-all-</a><a>chromosome-</a><a>r6.46.</a><a>fasta</a><a>.gz</a> and <a>ftp.flybase.net/genomes/Drosophila_simulans/dsim_r2,02_FB2017_04/</a><a>fasta</a><a>/dsim-all-</a><a>chromosome-</a><a>r2,02.</a><a>fasta</a><a>.gz</a>. We used Liftoff (Shumate and Salzberg, 2020) to lift over gene annotations from the references to our genome assemblies. We used -flank 0.2 and only kept the “gene” and “exon” terms.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: A social learning primacy trend in mate-copying; an experiment in Drosophila melanogaster

Social learning is learning from the observation of how others interact with the environment. However, in nature, individuals often need to process serial social information and may either favour the most recent information (recency bias), constantly updating knowledge to match the environment, or the information that appeared first in the series (primacy bias), which may slow down adjustment to environmental change. Mate-copying is a widespread form of social learning in a mate choice context related to conformity in mate choice, and where a naïve individual develops a preference for a given mate (or mate phenotype) seen being chosen by conspecifics. Mate-copying is documented in most vertebrate taxa and in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we tested experimentally whether female fruit flies show a primacy or a recency bias by presenting pictures of a female copulating with one of two contrastingly coloured male phenotypes. We found that after two sequential contradictory demonstrations, females show a tendency to prefer males of the phenotype preferred in the first demonstration, suggesting that mate-copying in D. melanogaster is not based on the most recently observed mating and may be influenced by a form of primacy bias.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

The genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in Drosophila melanogaster

Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, but the genetic changes accompanying speciation are difficult to determine since true species do not produce viable and fertile offspring. Partially reproductively isolated incipient species are useful for assessing genetic changes that occur prior to speciation. Drosophila melanogaster from Zimbabwe, Africa are partially sexually isolated from other D. melanogaster populations whose males have poor mating success with Zimbabwe females. We used the North American D. melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to show that there is significant genetic variation in the mating success of DGRP males with Zimbabwe females, to map genetic variants and genes associated with variation in mating success, and to determine whether mating success to Zimbabwe females is associated with other quantitative traits previously measured in the DGRP. Incipient sexual isolation is highly polygenic and associated with the common African inversion In(3R)K and the amount of the sex pheromone 5,9-heptacosadiene in DGRP females. We functionally validated the effect of eight candidate genes using RNA interference to provide testable hypotheses for future studies investigating the molecular genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in D. melanogaster.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Data for: Altered Circadian Rhythm, Sleep, and Rhodopsin 7-Dependent Shade Preference During Diapause in Drosophila Melanogaster

To survive adverse environments, many animals enter a dormant state such as hibernation, dauer, or diapause. Various Drosophila species undergo adult reproductive diapause in response to cool temperatures and/or short day-length. While it is known that flies are less active during diapause, an in-depth understanding of diapause effects on circadian rhythms and sleep is lacking. Here we show that, in diapause-inducing conditions, Drosophila melanogaster exhibit altered circadian activity profiles, including a severely reduced morning activity peak and an advanced evening activity peak. Consequently, the flies have a single activity peak at a time similar to when non-diapausing flies have a siesta. Temperatures ≤15 °C, rather than short day-length, primarily drive the behavior. At cool temperatures, flies also rapidly enter a deep sleep state that lacks the sleep cycles of flies at higher temperatures and requires particularly high levels of stimulation for arousal. Furthermore, we show that at 18–25 °C, flies prefer to siesta in the shade, a preference that is virtually eliminated at 10 °C. Resting in the shade is driven by an aversion to blue light, sensed by rhodopsin 7 (Rh7) outside of the eyes. Flies at 10 ˚C show neuronal markers of elevated sleep pressure, including increased expression of Bruchpilot and elevated Ca2+ in the R5 ellipsoid body neurons. Therefore, sleep pressure might overcome blue light aversion. Thus at temperatures known to cause reproductive arrest, preserve germline stem cells, and extend lifespan, Drosophila melanogaster are prone to deep sleep and exhibit dramatically altered - yet rhythmic - daily activity patterns.

Fig. 2 in Assessment Of The Influence Of Teratogenic Activity Of Cigarette Smoke On Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 2. Frequency of abdominal tergite Fig. 4. Growth of imaginal disks of fruit fly abnormality morphoses in wild type fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) in embryonic and (Drosophila melanogaster) depending on postembryonic stages of development the"Elita" cigarette smoke dose and the age of the larvae (hours since the eggs were laid)

Fig. 1 in Assessment Of The Influence Of Teratogenic Activity Of Cigarette Smoke On Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 1. Frequency of abdominal tergite Fig. 3. Frequency of abdominal tergite abnormality (morphoses) in w+/w and w+/Y fruit abnormality morphoses in wild type fruit flies flies (Drosophila melanogaster) depending on the (Drosophila melanogaster) depending on "Prima HEBO" cigarette smoke dose and the age the"Elita" cigarette smoke dose and the age of of the larvae (hours since the eggs were laid). the pupae (hours since the eggs were laid)

Fig. 3 in Evaluation Of Teratogenic Activity Of The Smoke Of Burning Combustible Plastic Influencing The Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 3. Amount of abdominal tergite anomalies in wild type Drosophila melanogaster depending on the dose of burning plastic (polysterene) smoke and larvae age (hours after eggs are laid)

Fig. 4 in Evaluation Of Teratogenic Activity Of The Smoke Of Burning Combustible Plastic Influencing The Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 4. Amount of abdominal tergite anomalies in wild type Drosophila melanogaster depending on the dose of burning plastic (polysterene) smoke and pupae age (hours after eggs are laid)

Fig. 9 in Evaluation Of Teratogenic Activity Of The Smoke Of Burning Combustible Plastic Influencing The Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 9. Abdominal tergite anomalies in wild type Drosophila melanogaster in the result of treating pupae with the smoke of burning polysterene; 1 – females, 2 – males

Fig. 2 in Evaluation Of Teratogenic Activity Of The Smoke Of Burning Combustible Plastic Influencing The Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 2. Amount of abdominal tergite anomalies in wild type Drosophila melanogaster depending on the dose of burning plastic (polyethyleneterephtalane) smoke and pupae age (hours after eggs are laid)

Fig. 1 in Evaluation Of Teratogenic Activity Of The Smoke Of Burning Combustible Plastic Influencing The Drosophila Melanogaster

Fig. 1. Amount of abdominal tergite anomalies in wild type Drosophila melanogaster depending on the dose of burning plastic (polyethyleneterephtalane) smoke and larvae age (hours after eggs are laid)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 3 in Novel aspects of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) biology and an improved method for culturing this invasive species with a modified D. melanogaster diet

Fig. 3. Effect of triethylamine anesthetic exposure on the recovery of Drosophila adults: D. melanogaster (white circles, n = 181 adults), D. suzukii (black circles, n = 175 adults).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Novel aspects of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) biology and an improved method for culturing this invasive species with a modified D. melanogaster diet

Fig. 2. Effects of dietary ethanol (normal environmental ethanol range ≈ 0– 9% ethanol) on Drosophila suzukii survival when compared with D. melanogaster tolerance to ethanol (top graph) and sex-specific sensitivities of D. suzukii adults to ethanol (bottom graph). Summary of probit analyses are provided and statistics with bo = intercept estimate, b1 = estimated slope estimate for each fly species, with b1 = 0 for the baseline control in each graph (D. suzukii [top graph], D. suzukii males [bottom graph]).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Novel aspects of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) biology and an improved method for culturing this invasive species with a modified D. melanogaster diet

Fig. 1. Dietary manipulation of Drosophila suzukii cultures based on the use of 5 berry species (blackberry, strawberry, black cherry, blueberry, and grape) with a no-fruit (No Fruit) control (grey bars), and cultures to which yeast was added (+Y) or omitted (−Y) from 4-24® drosophila media (white bars). Asterisks indicate mean differences from 2 respective baseline controls (B), i.e., Blackberry−Y (14 d) and Blackberry+Y (21 d), according to multiple Wilcoxon 2-sample tests.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

gellum black. Femora all black or forefemur ferruginous in apicoventral half; foretibia brown or ferruginous, midtibia brown ferruginous, hindtibia brown; tarsi varying from brown to ferruginous. ♂.– Unknown. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.– Known only from higher elevations (1020-1130 m above sea level) of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. RECORDS (Fig. 29).— All specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Province. Holotype: ♀, Belle Vue at Talatakely at 21º15.99'S 47º25.21'E, alt. 1020 m, 14-21 Jan 2002, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (CAS). Paratypes: Radio tower at forest edge at 21º15.05'S 47º24.43'E, alt. 1130 m, 23 Aug – 7 Sept 2006 and 1-11 Nov 2006, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (2 ♀, CAS); same data as holotype except 22-28 Nov 2001 and R. Harin 'Hala alone (1 ♀, CAS); Vohiparara at 21º13.57'S 47º22.19'E, alt. 1110 m, 22-28 Nov 2001, R. Harin 'Hala (1 ♀, CAS). FIGURE 29. Collecting localities of Tachytes melanogaster sp. nov. in A Review of the Wasp Genus Tachytes Panzer, 1806 of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

gellum black. Femora all black or forefemur ferruginous in apicoventral half; foretibia brown or ferruginous, midtibia brown ferruginous, hindtibia brown; tarsi varying from brown to ferruginous. ♂.– Unknown. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.– Known only from higher elevations (1020-1130 m above sea level) of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. RECORDS (Fig. 29).— All specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Province. Holotype: ♀, Belle Vue at Talatakely at 21º15.99'S 47º25.21'E, alt. 1020 m, 14-21 Jan 2002, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (CAS). Paratypes: Radio tower at forest edge at 21º15.05'S 47º24.43'E, alt. 1130 m, 23 Aug – 7 Sept 2006 and 1-11 Nov 2006, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (2 ♀, CAS); same data as holotype except 22-28 Nov 2001 and R. Harin 'Hala alone (1 ♀, CAS); Vohiparara at 21º13.57'S 47º22.19'E, alt. 1110 m, 22-28 Nov 2001, R. Harin 'Hala (1 ♀, CAS). FIGURE 29. Collecting localities of Tachytes melanogaster sp. nov.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Influence of young age microbiome on adult sleep behavior in D. Melanogaster

There is growing evidence for the interaction between the gut microbiome and the brain. Several studies report strong correlations between the composition of the gut microbiome and various neurological diseases. Moreover, gut bacteria are shown to influence levels of neurotransmitters, e.g GABA, which are unbalanced in stress related disorders, such as anxiety and depression but also in in sleep disorders. Drosophila Melanogaster is a powerful model organism for investigating the interaction between the microbiome and the brain. In addition to available genetic techniques, yielding germ free (axenic) flies and establishing gnotobiotic cultures is faster and easier with fruit flies compared to other model organisms. Moreover, Drosophila microbiome is much simpler in complexity, in contrast to the vertebrate microbiome. We investigated the significance of the young age microbiome on adult sleep behaviour in Drosophila. Our hypothesis was that differences in microbiome composition might elucidate the reason for the behavioral variability in resilience/vulnerability to sleep deprivation, amongst individuals with same genetic background. However, our results suggest that there is no/ minor effect of the Drosophila microbiome on sleep behaviour.