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25 results for “NMR based metabolomics”
Elevated circulatory proline to glutamine ratio (PQR) in Patients with endometriosis revealed by targeted NMR based serum metabolomics
<p>Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic pain condition affecting women in reproductive age and involves the growth of uterine lining (endometrium) outside of the uterus. EM is often associated with altered inflammatory and immune processes and shares some cancer-like characteristics such as activated glutaminolysis. However, preclinical studies suggest mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased energy production in uterine endometriosis tissue. As proline catabolism in mitochondria serve as an important source of energy production and previous transcriptomics studies have demonstrated that there is reduced activity of proline oxidase (POX, a mitochondrial inner-membrane flavoenzyme involved in the catabolic degradation of the proline) due to overexpression of microRNA (known as MiR-23b). Based on this, we hypothesized and demonstrated that circulatory proline to glutamine ratio (PQR) are elevated in the EM patients and may serve as an indicative biomarker to improve the clinical diagnosis of EM. </p>
NMR based Synovial fluid metabolomics analysis of Reactive arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis
<p>Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory arthritis that often develops 2–4 weeks after an extraarticular infection with Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia species. Synovial fluid (SF) represents the diseased process under pathological conditions and its distinctive metabolic profiles may provide the diagnostic capacity and understanding of the disease state of reactive arthritis (ReA). The aim of this study is to identify characteristic metabolic changes that could differentiate ReA from non-ReA groups. The metabolic profiles of SF collected from ReA (n=58), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=21) and osteoarthritis (OA, n=20) patients were measured using NMR spectroscopy and compared using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Further, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to establish the diagnostic potential of discriminatory metabolites. Finally, the correlation analysis of 38 metabolites between paired SF and serum from ReA patients was done using Pearson rank coefficient (r). The metabolomics profiles in synovial fluid were distinct between ReA, RA, and OA. The OPLS-DA demonstrated a distinctive metabolite profile of synovial fluid of ReA patient compare to RA RA and OA. Fourteen metabolites were obtained by VIP values of greater than 1 for both groups (ReA vs OA and ReA vs RA) and 12 and 6 of them were selected as potential biomarkers by student t-test for ReA vs OA and ReA vs RA groups. We utilized receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the diagnostic value of each metabolite and identified in ReA compare to RA and OA as potential biomarkers, with an area under the ROC curve >0.8. A panel of six metabolites (NAG, glutamate, glycerol, isoleucine, alanine and glucose from ReA vs OA group) and two metabolites (alanine and carnitine from ReA vs RA group) was identified as a specific biomarker of ReA. Finally, the pearson correlation coefficient (r) between serum and SF ranged from -0.17 to 0.87 for each of the 38 metabolites, and 71% of the relations were significantly positive. Our approach successfully identified SF biomarkers associated with ReA patients that could serve as an efficient tool for early diagnosis of ReA and the role of these biomarker in the pathogenesis of ReA should be explored in future studies. This is the first study that establishes the correlation between metabolic profiles in SF and serum obtained from ReA patients.</p>
Metabolic disparity between Cord serum and amniotic fluid revealed by 1H NMR based metabolomics approach
<p>During pregnancy, a developing fetus (within amniotic sac and connected to the placenta through umbilical cord) is surrounded by a viscous yellowish amniotic fluid. After delivery, umbilical cord blood is collected as it contains stem cells which can be used as intervention of major hematopoietic or genetic disorders. The amniotic fluid is also used to diagnose the genetic disorders in developing fetus which may also have impact on the metabolic profiles of amniotic fluid. The present study has been designed to identify and quantify the concentration profiles of metabolites present in the cord blood and amniotic fluid. For this, 21 samples of cord blood serum and amniotic fluid were collected in pair and metabolic profiles were measured using 1D 1H CPMG NMR spectroscopy and compared using multivariate statistical analysis tools. The analytical variations have been minimized using formate as an internal reference and its concentration was set to 0.01 mM (nearly close to the detection limit of the 800 MHz NMR spectrometer).</p>
Elevated circulatory Glycine to Histidine ratio in Preclinical models of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Targeted NMR-based metabolomics study
<p><strong>Description:</strong> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes joint inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction, and sometimes disability. The pathophysiology of RA, on the other hand, is multifactorial and, to a significant extent, unknown. Abnormal glycine metabolism is well established pathophysiological feature in RA [1] and the circulatory levels of glycine are largely reported to be elevated in RA [2]. Further, various clinical studies report the decreased circulatory levels of histidine in RA Patients. The low free serum histidine levels have also been found to be associated with disease activity in RA [3]. Other studies reported higher levels of free histidine in the synovial fluid (SF) compared to that in the patient serum samples of RA (considered to be an inflammatory arthritis condition) but SF histidine levels were significantly lower than corresponding results in patients with osteoarthritis (OA, considered to a non-inflammatory arthritis condition) [4]. Therefore, we hypothesized and demonstrated that the circulatory <strong>glycine to histidine ratio (GHR)</strong> is significantly elevated in RA compared to NC (with p-value <0.0001). For this, fifty (N= 50) serum samples obtained from thirty (N=30) normal control rats and twenty (N=20) rat models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA, induced using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) treatment) were analyzed using high-resolution 800 MHz NMR spectrometer. The serum metabolic profiles were measured using standard 1D-<sup>1</sup>H-CPMG NMR experiments and the concentration levels of selected metabolites (glycine and histidine) were estimated using NMR suite of commercial software CHENOMX following the procedure as described previously from our research group [5]. <strong>The mean values (±standard deviation) of circulatory GHR levels in the serum samples of RA and NC rats were found to be 6.65 ± 2.29 and 3.46 ± 0.93, respectively. </strong>We further performed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the resulted area under ROC curve value of <strong>0.97 (with 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.0 and p-value <0.0001) suggested that the circulatory GHR levels have significant potential </strong>to serve as a better preclinical indicator of disease activity in RA and may be a reliable clinical biomarker for monitoring the treatment response in such preclinical models.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>[1] Lemon, H.M., Chasen, W.H. and Looney, J.M., 1952. Abnormal glycine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. <em>The Journal of clinical investigation</em>, <em>31</em>(11), pp.993-999.</p> <p>[2] Trang, L.E., Fürst, P., Odeback, A.C. and Lövgren, O., 1985. Plasma amino acids in rheumatoid arthritis. <em>Scandinavian journal of rheumatology</em>, <em>14</em>(4), pp.393-402.</p> <p> </p> <p>[3] Gerber, D.A., 1975. Low free serum histidine concentration in rheumatoid arthritis. A measure of disease activity. <em>The Journal of clinical investigation</em>, <em>55</em>(6), pp.1164-1173.</p> <p> </p> <p>[4] Sitton, N. G., Dixon, J. S., Bird, H. A., & Wright, V. (1986). Serum and synovial fluid histidine: a comparison in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. <em>Rheumatology international</em>, <em>6</em>(6), 251-254.</p> <p> </p> <p>[5] Umesh Kumar, Abhai Kumar, Smita Singh, Payal Arya, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Anup Singh, and Dinesh Kumar, “An elaborative NMR based plasma metabolomics study revealed metabolic derangements in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A study on North Indian Population” <strong>Metabolic Brain Disease</strong> (2021) 36, 957–968. (DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00700-z)</p>
Serum metabolic disparity between pulmonary Sarcoidosis (SAR) and Tuberculosis (TB) revealed by NMR based metabolomics study
<p>Tuberculosis (TB) -a pulmonary granulomatous disease- is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious disease agent especially in developing countries such as India. Current diagnostic methodologies often lack specificity and sensitivity; therefore, there is an immense clinical interest to investigate alternative biomarker signatures for obtaining a conclusive and suggestive diagnosis of TB. Particular challenge arises for treating physicians while differentiating TB from sarcoidosis (SAR) which is an uncommon granulomatous disease and shares the similar clinical, radiological and pathological features with TB. Symptoms common in TB such as cough, fever, fatigue, and weight-loss are often manifested in sarcoidosis as well. As India accounts for more than 26% of global burden of TB cases and epidemiological data about sarcoidosis is unknown, most of the sarcoidosis patients end up receiving anti tubercular therapy (ATT) erroneously, leading to delayed proper treatment and considerable risk of drug induced toxicity, whereas lung damage continues to progress in this backdrop. Therefore, there is an urgent unmet need to identify non-invasive biomarker(s) for differentiating sarcoidosis from TB. Metabolomics analysis of serum holds great potential to provide distinctive patterns of metabolic profiles relevant to underlying disease processes and thus may aid in rapid clinical diagnosis and guiding appropriate treatment.</p> <p>Starting our efforts in this direction, the serum metabolic profiles of sarcoidosis and active TB patients were measured using 800 MHz NMR Spectroscopy and compared using the multivariate and univariate statistical analysis tools. The partial least square discriminatory analysis (PLS-DA) revealed significant serum metabolic disparity between SAR and TB with respect to normal control subjects [1-5]. Compared to SAR, the sera of TB patients were characterized by (a) elevated levels of lactate, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), glutamate and succinate (b) decreased levels of glucose, citrate, pyruvate, glutamine, and various lipid and membrane metabolites (such as very-low/low density lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL), polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.).</p> <p>The altered circulatory levels of glucose (decreased) and lactate (increased) were found well consistent with previous report [6] demonstrating that infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) induces the Warburg effect in mouse lungs. A very recent study reported increased production of glutamate from mitochondrial glutaminolysis and pleiotropic roles of glutamine metabolism in the metabolic reprogramming of MTb infected M1-like macrophages [7]. A previous study published in Science [8] reported the suppression of oxidative stress by 3HB. Another study published in scientific report demonstrated that of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTb) secretory protein ESAT-induces GLUT-1 mediated enhanced glucose uptake by macrophages and increased fatty acid biosynthesis (to drive foamy macrophage differentiation) which in turn results in release of 3HB in the extracellular environment [9]. Based on previously reported metabolic derangements in MTb infected systems and our results derived from NMR-based serum metabolomics, the following remarks have been drawn:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Active TB infection </strong>induces Warburg effect as inferred from the decreased serum levels of glucose and elevated levels of lactate</li> <li><strong>Active TB infection </strong>causes increased biosynthesis of fatty acids as inferred from the decreased serum levels of citrate and increased levels of acetate and 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-HB)</li> <li><strong>Active TB infection </strong>manipulates oxidative stress (OS) induced pathogen killing host-defense mechanism as inferred from decreased circulatory phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratio (PTR) and 3HB (known to suppress OS)</li> <li><strong>Active TB infection </strong>induces augmented utilization of glutamine (an immunomodulatory nutrient) as inferred from the decreased serum levels of glutamine and increased serum levels of glutamate and succinate</li> <li><strong>Active TB infection </strong>induces dyslipidemia as inferred from the decreased NMR signals of very-low/low density lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)</li> </ul> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Dinesh Kumar, Ritu Raj, Avinash Jain , Anupam Guleria, Umesh Kumar, Mohit K Rai, Harshit Singh, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Alok Nath, Durga P Misra and Vikas Agarwal, “Serum based metabolomics analysis revealed highly sensitive and specific panel of metabolic markers for differential diagnosis of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis” (Conference paper presented during IRACON-2018). F1000Research 2019, 8:304 (DOI: 10.7490/f1000research.1116481.1)</li> <li>Dinesh Kumar, Avinash Jain, Amit Kumar, Anupam Guleria, Ritu Raj, Harshit Singh, Mohit K Rai, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Alok Nath, Durga P Misra, and Vikas Agarwal, “Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based serum metabolomics analysis revealed significantly higher phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio in pulmonary sarcoidosis patients compared to tuberculosis patients”, (Conference Paper selected for Oral Presentation in IRACON 2018: OPC0034) Indian J Rheumatol (2018), vol 13 (Issue 6) Suppl S2:79-92 (DOI: 10.4103/0973-3698.247335)</li> <li>Avinash Jain, Amit Kumar, Harshit Singh, Mohit Kumar Rai, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Anupam Guleria, Alok Nath, Dinesh Kumar, Durga Prasanna Misra, and Vikas Agarwal, “Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based Serum Metabolomics in Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis – Search for a Biomarker”, (Received Best Oral Award) (Conference Paper selected for Oral Presentation in IRACON 2018: OPC0030) Indian J Rheumatol (2018), vol 13 (Issue 6) Suppl S2:79-92 (DOI: 10.4103/0973-3698.247335).</li> <li>Dinesh Kumar, Avinash Jain, Amit Kumar, Anupam Guleria, Alok Nath, Durga Prasanna Misra, Vikas Agarwal, “Diagnostic panel of biomarkers for the assessment of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis identified using NMR based serum metabolomics approach” (Poster Presented during BSRAC-2018) F1000Research (2018), 7:18 (doi: 10.7490/f1000research.1115194.1)</li> <li>Avinash Jain, Amit Kumar, Harshit Singh, Mohit K Rai, Saurabh Chaturvedi, Anupam Guleria, Alok Nath, Dinesh Kumar, Durga P Misra and Vikas Agarwal, “Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based serum metabolomics in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis: search for a biomarker” (Poster Presentation during British Society for Rheumatology Annual Conference 2018 | BSRAC-2018) Rheumatology (April 2018), Vol 57, Issue suppl_3 (DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key075.338).</li> <li>Shi, L., Salamon, H., Eugenin, E.A., Pine, R., Cooper, A. and Gennaro, M.L., 2015. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the Warburg effect in mouse lungs. Scientific reports, 5(1), pp.1-13.</li> <li>Jiang, Qingkui, and Lanbo Shi. "Coordination of the uptake and metabolism of amino acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021).</li> <li>Shimazu, T., Hirschey, M.D., Newman, J., He, W., Shirakawa, K., Le Moan, N., Grueter, C.A., Lim, H., Saunders, L.R., Stevens, R.D. and Newgard, C.B., 2013. Suppression of oxidative stress by β-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor. <em>Science</em>, <em>339</em>(6116), pp.211-214.</li> <li>Singh, V., Kaur, C., Chaudhary, V.K., Rao, K.V. and Chatterjee, S., 2015. M. tuberculosis secretory protein ESAT-6 induces metabolic flux perturbations to drive foamy macrophage differentiation. <em>Scientific reports</em>, <em>5</em>(1), pp.1-12.</li> </ol>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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