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Fig. 2 in Schistura palma, a new species of loach from the Nam Ngiep drainage, central Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 2. Schistura palma, new species, MHNG 2790.080, holotype, 63.5 mm SL; Laos: Saysomboune Province: Nam Ngiep watershed.

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Fig. 1 in Schistura palma, a new species of loach from the Nam Ngiep drainage, central Laos (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 1. Laos: Nam Ngum, Nam Ngiep and Nam Xan watersheds, showing distribution of Schistura palma, new species (black circles), based on listed material and additional field observations. Shown topography is prior to construction of reservoirs. Open circle: type locality. One symbol may represent more than one locality.

Fig. 10. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 10. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, female, 19.0 mm SL, dissected C&S, Weberian apparatus and adjacent structures. A, Weberian apparatus, left side, lateral view; claustrum, scaphium, and supraneural 2 outlined by thin black line; B, Weberian apparatus, dorsal view; C, Weberian apparatus, ventral view; D, lateral line canal on body, right side (image reversed), lateral view; pores outlined by thin white dashed line; E, close up of anteriormost lateral line canal ossicle on body, right side (image reversed), lateral view; canal and pores outlined by thin white dashed line, canal ossicles outlined by solid grey line. Asterisk (*) indicates position of same pore in D and E. Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; Boc, basioccipital; C, claustrum; Exoc, exoccipital; LLC, lateral line canal ossicle; LP1, lateral process 1; LP2+Oos, bony capsule formed by lateral process 2+outer arm of Os suspensorium; NA3-6, neural arch 3–6; NS4–6, neural spine 4–6; PC, posterior chamber; R5–6, rib 5–6; S, scaphium; Scl, supracleithrum; SN2–3, supraneural 2–3; V3, vertebral centrum 3.

Fig. 7. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 7. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, swimbladder; A, dissected male, 23.4 mm SL, posterior chamber, ventral view, ventral body wall, digestive tract, and reproductive organs removed; B, dissected female, 19.0 mm SL, posterior chamber, ventral view, ventral body wall, digestive tract, and reproductive organs removed; C, dissected female C&S specimen, 19.0 mm SL, lateral view, showing swimbladder in relation to surrounding skeleton; D, same as C, ventral view. Dashed white line outlines posterior chamber (A) or anterior chamber and connecting duct (C, D). Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; Boc, basioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; LP1, lateral process 1; LP2+Oos, bony capsule formed by lateral process 2+outer arm of Os suspensorium; NS4–5, neural spine 4–5; PC, posterior chamber; PF, pectoral fin; P-MR, proximal-middle radial; R5, fith rib; SN3, supraneural 3; V11, vertebral centrum 11.

Fig. 6. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 6. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, male, 21.7 mm SL, scanning electron micrographs of pectoral fin, right side, dorsal view; A, Elongate patches of tubercles on dorsal surface of fin associated with rays 2–4 (numbered); inset image shows low magnification overview of entire pectoral fin with area displayed in main image highlighted by white dashed rectangle; B, Higher magnification image of tubercles in smaller white dashed rectangle in A; C, High magnification image of tubercles shown in B. Double asterisk (**) identifies the same tubercle in B and C.

Fig. 5. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 5. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, male, 23.4 mm SL, pectoral fin of male, right side; A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (image reversed).

Fig. 4. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 4. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL, scanning electron micrographs of mouth and associated structures, ventral view; A, Low magnification overview; B, Mouth, in ventral view; C, Higher magnification image of base of outer rostral barbel, right side, showing conical tubercles and taste buds; D, Higher magnification image of base of inner outer rostral barbel, right side, showing conical tubercles and taste buds; E, Higher magnification image of conical tubercle in centre of D; F, Higher magnification image of papilliferous lower lip, right side; G, Higher magnification image of five papillae on lower lip, right side, showing single tastebud at summit of each papilla. Abbreviations: IRB, inner rostral barbel; LJ, lower jaw; LL, lower lip; MB, mandibular barbel; ORB, outer rostral barbel; T, tubercle; TB, tastebud; UL, upper lip.

Fig. 2 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 2. Physoschistura mango, aquarium trade; A, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL; B, female, not preserved, not measured.

Fig. 1 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 1. Physoschistura mango; A, MHNG 2790.086, holotype, male, 18.5 mm SL, Myanmar, Hopong; B, CMK 20748, paratype, female, 19.2 mm SL, Myanmar, Hopong; C, TCWC 20684.01, mature male, 21.7 mm SL, aquarium trade.

Fig. 8. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 8. Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20683.01, female, 19.0 mm SL, C&S, neurocranium in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) view. Nasal bone removed during dissection. Single scale bar shared by A–C. Abbreviations: Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; Epo, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; E+Vo, mesethmoid+vomer; Fr, frontal; LE, lateral ethmoid; Orsph, orbitosphenoid; Pa, parital; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; Soc, supraoccipital.

Fig. 3 in Physoschistura mango, a new miniature species of loach from Myanmar (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram showing arrangement of cephalic lateral-line canals of Physoschistura mango, TCWC 20684.01, male, 21.7 mm SL. Lateral line canals are shown in dark grey. Dashed black lines indicate that the distal part of barbel is not illustrated. Abbreviations: IOC, infraorbital canal; OC, otic canal; P-MC, preoperculo-mandibular canal; SOC, supraorbital; STC, supratemporal canal.

F I G U R E 1 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, FFR 3608 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 1 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, FFR 3608, holotype, 36 mm standard length (SL); Kaynarca stream.

F I G U R E 8 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 8 Turcinoemacheilus minimus, from the top, FFR 3607, 46 mm standard length (SL); Göksu River; FFR 3605, 31 mm SL; Kahta stream.

F I G U R E 7 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 7 Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi, from the top, FFR 3600, 60 mm standard length (SL); Dilektaşı stream: FFR 3601, 53 mm SL; 53 mm SL; 49 mm SL; Eziki stream.

F I G U R E 2 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 2 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, from the top, FFR 3608, holotype, 36 mm standard length (SL); Kaynarca stream, Euphrates: FFR 3616, paratype, 41 mm SL, Nerduş stream, Tigris: Not preserved, 35 mm SL; not preserved, 40 mm SL; not preserved, 40 mm SL; Kaynarca stream, Euphrates.

F I G U R E 5 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 5 Sampling sites where Turcinoemacheilus specimens found in upper Tigris-Euphrates: Habitat of T. kosswigi, (a) Eziki stream: Habitats of T. minimus, (b) Göksu River, (c) Kahta stream: Habitats of T. ekmekciae, (d) Çıratan stream, (e) Destumi stream, (f) Nerduş stream, (g) Sason stream, (h) Kesan stream, and (i) Kaynarca stream.

F I G U R E 4 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 4 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, paratypes; FFR 3616, from the top, 45 mm standard length (SL); 39 mm SL, Nerduş stream: FFR 3618, 30 mm SL; 30 mm SL; Sason stream.

F I G U R E 6 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 6 The distribution range of Turcinoemacheilus spp. in Western Asia (top). Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the phylogenetic relationships (bottom) based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcode region (Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model, discrete gamma distribution for rate differences with five categories +G parameter = 0.1859). Nucleotide positions with less than 98% site coverage were eliminated, resulting in 540 analysed positions. Numbers of major nodes indicate bootstrap values of 1000 pseudoreplicates from the ML, MP, and NJ methods. "X" indicates the highest possible support from all three methods (>95). Blue bars to the right of the specimen labels indicate species boundary outcomes from the Poisson tree processes (PTP) followed by the results of the multi-rate PTP (mPTP) approach and the assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) method at the rightmost.

F I G U R E 3 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, FFR 3603 in Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

F I G U R E 3 Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, FFR 3603, paratypes, from the top, 54 mm standard length (SL); 51 mm SL; 51 mm SL; 48 mm SL; Çıratan stream.