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36 results for “Odocoileus”
Data from: "White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) transcriptome assembly and SNP discovery" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 June 2013-31 July 2013
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are among the most abundant and widespread large mammals in the Americas, comprising up to 38 subspecies ranging from Northern Canada to Peru. Although believed to have high genetic diversity, surprisingly few genomic resources are currently available, despite the species' ecological and economic importance. White-tailed deer and other cervids throughout central North America are currently being afflicted by chronic wasting disease (CWD), one of the degenerative prion diseases collectively known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Although CWD is of major importance to white-tailed deer management, little is currently known about innate resistance or susceptibility to CWD outside of polymorphisms in the prion protein gene, Prnp, though a recent study using microsatellites suggests that the disease may have additional underlying genetic components. Further association analysis is hindered by low marker density. In this study, we used high-throughput SOLiD sequencing to create novel sequence data for white-tailed deer and identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms, using the pooled blood transcriptomes of six individuals. In total, we generated 14,010 contigs of length ≥ 200 nt, representing 4,104,760 nt of unique sequence data, and we identified 66,596 SNPs. This data represents one of the largest genetic resources currently available for any cervid. We hope it will facilitate future research for population genomics and assist with the identification of genetic factors that underlie disease resistance and other traits relevant for conservation and management.
Data from: Range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography
Highly mobile species that thrive in a wide range of habitats are expected to show little genetic differentiation across their range. A limited but growing number of studies have revealed that patterns of broad-scale genetic differentiation can and do emerge in vagile, continuously distributed species. However, these patterns are complex and often shaped by both historical and ecological factors. Comprehensive surveys of genetic variation at a broad scale and at high resolution are useful for detecting cryptic spatial genetic structure, and for investigating the relative roles of historical and ecological processes in structuring widespread, highly mobile species. In this study, we analyzed 10 microsatellite loci from over 1,900 samples collected across the full range of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), one of the most widely distributed and abundant of all large mammal species in North America. Through both individual- and population-based analyses we found evidence for three main genetic lineages, one corresponding to the 'mule deer' morphological type and two to the 'black-tailed deer' type. Historical biogeographic events likely are the primary drivers of genetic divergence in this species; boundaries of the three lineages correspond well with predictions based on Pleistocene glacial cycles and substructure within each lineage demonstrates island vicariance. However, across large geographic areas, including the entire mule deer lineage, we found that genetic variation fit an isolation-by-distance pattern rather than discrete clusters. A lack of genetic structure across wide geographic areas of the continental west indicates that ecological processes have not resulted in restrictions to gene flow sufficient for spatial genetic structure to emerge. Our results have important implications for our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms of divergence, as well as for taxonomy, conservation, and management.
Patterns of Testosterone in Male White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Seasonal and Lifetime Variation
<p>Testosterone is strongly associated with the annual development of antlers in cervids, but. endocrine research on wild, freely breeding ungulates is often done without repeated capture of known-aged individuals. As a result, our knowledge on how testosterone fluctuates over the course of a lifetime and variation in lifetime patterns among individuals is limited. We investigated patterns of testosterone in a freely breeding population of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) in Alabama, USA that breeds in January. Testosterone peaked during the height of the breeding season, despite this period occurring approximately two months later than in most temperate-region, white-tailed deer populations. Age-related differences in testosterone were only prevalent during the breeding season, with bucks ≥3.5 years old having greater testosterone (853 ng/dl ±96 SE; <i>P</i> = 0.012) than bucks 1.5–2.5 years old (364 ng/dl ±100 SE). Additionally, an individual's testosterone level as a yearling was not positively associated with their lifetime maximum testosterone level (<i>P</i> = 0.583), and an individual's mean testosterone level was positively associated with lifetime testosterone variation (<i>P</i> < 0.001). To our knowledge our study is one of the first to assess how testosterone early in life might relate to individual testosterone later in life. We believe these data provide insight into lifetime hormonal patterns in cervids, and that these patterns may indicate intraspecific variation of lifetime reproductive strategies.</p>
Data from: Candidate adaptive genes associated with lineage divergence: identifying SNPs via next-generation targeted resequencing in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are an excellent nonmodel species for empirically testing hypotheses in landscape and population genomics due to their large population sizes (low genetic drift), relatively continuous distribution, diversity of occupied habitats and phenotypic variation. Because few genomic resources are currently available for this species, we used exon data from a cattle (Bos taurus) reference genome to direct targeted resequencing of 5935 genes in mule deer. We sequenced approximately 3.75 Mbp at minimum 20X coverage in each of the seven mule deer, identifying 23 204 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within, or adjacent to, 6886 exons in 3559 genes. We found 91 SNP loci (from 69 genes) with putatively fixed allele frequency differences between the two major lineages of mule deer (mule deer and black-tailed deer), and our estimate of mean genetic divergence (genome-wide FST = 0.123) between these lineages was consistent with previous findings using microsatellite loci. We detected an over-representation of gamete generation and amino acid transport genes among the genes with SNPs exhibiting potentially fixed allele frequency differences between lineages. This targeted resequencing approach using exon capture techniques has identified a suite of loci that can be used in future research to investigate the genomic basis of adaptation and differentiation between black-tailed deer and mule deer. This study also highlights techniques (and an exon capture array) that will facilitate population genomic research in other cervids and nonmodel organisms.
Patterns of Testosterone in Male White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): Seasonal and Lifetime Variation
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Data from: The Odocoileus virginianus femur: mechanical behavior and morphology
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Data from: "White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) transcriptome assembly and SNP discovery" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 June 2013-31 July 2013
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Data from: Absence of founder effect and evidence for adaptive divergence in a recently introduced insular population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).
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Data from: Hybrid swarm between divergent lineages of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
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Data from: Range-wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography
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Data from: Candidate adaptive genes associated with lineage divergence: identifying SNPs via next-generation targeted resequencing in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
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Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) invasion exacerbates white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) browsing on native woody plants
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Data from: An isolated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population on St. John, US Virgin Islands shows low inbreeding and comparable heterozygosity to other larger populations
<p><span>This is the first study to document the genetic diversity of the white-tailed deer population on St. John, US Virgin Islands. The island population was founded by a small number of animals, has very limited hunting or predation, and recently experienced a reduction in size following an extended drought in 2015. DNA samples were collected from hair from 23 anesthetized adult deer (13 males, 10 females) ranging in age from 1-8 years (3.36<u>+</u> 1.9 yr) and also from fecal DNA samples, for a total of 42 individuals analyzed for genetic diversity. The St. John deer data set averaged 4.19 alleles per marker and demonstrates the second lowest number of alleles (A) when compared to other populations of <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i> (4.19). Heterozygosity was similar to the other studies (0.54) with little evidence of inbreeding. To explain the level of heterogygosity and lack of inbreeding within the St. John population, three hypotheses are proposed, including the effect of intrinsic biological traits within the population, a recent infusion of highly heterogeneous loci from North American populations, and a consistent level of immigration from a nearby island. Additional work is needed to further understand the genetic history of the St. John and regional deer populations. </span></p>
Fig. 1 in Molecular screening for rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in ixodid ticks surveyed from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in southern Texas
Fig. 1. Prevalence of ixodid ticks on white-tailed deer and nilgai on the Laguna Atascosa Wildlife Refuge (LANWR) in Cameron County (Texas). The LANWR is divided into Units, outlined in yellow. Deer and nilgai were harvested from the indicated units during the public hunt season in 2018–2019. Deer are identified by circles, nilgai are identified by triangles. Ixodid tick species collected either singly or in combination from these hosts are indicated by a different fill color presented in the legend. Animals from which no ticks were collected are shaded in green ('Not infested'). Rmic: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Anit: Anocenter nitens; Amac: Amblyomma maculatum; Iscap: Ixodes scapularis. Inset: The LANWR units are shaded in yellow, while the East Foundation's El Sauz Ranch located north of the LANWR is shaded in maroon.
Fig. 2 in Molecular screening for rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in ixodid ticks surveyed from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in southern Texas
Fig. 2. Anocenter nitens, the tropical horse tick, infesting a white-tailed deer. As in horses, A. nitens ticks preferentially infest the ears of this cervid host. Photo Credit: Emma Mitchell
Data from: An isolated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population on St. John, US Virgin Islands shows low inbreeding and comparable heterozygosity to other larger populations
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