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48 results for “Otariidae”
Distribution. S in Otariidae
Distribution. S Pacific, in Juan Fernandez Is and San Félix I (Desventuradas Is), which lie 600 km to the N.
Distribution. Widespread in subantarctic waters, primarily waters N of the Antarctic Convergence from the S Atlantic and Indian oceans to SW Pacific Ocean. Breeding takes place almost entirely N of the Antarctic polar front. in Otariidae
Distribution. Widespread in subantarctic waters, primarily waters N of the Antarctic Convergence from the S Atlantic and Indian oceans to SW Pacific Ocean. Breeding takes place almost entirely N of the Antarctic polar front.
Distribution. Subantarctic and Antarctic waters S of, or just N of, the Antarctic Convergence, and scattered islands in this zone, mainly South Georgia. Regular haul-out areas include the Antarctic Peninsula. in Otariidae
Distribution. Subantarctic and Antarctic waters S of, or just N of, the Antarctic Convergence, and scattered islands in this zone, mainly South Georgia. Regular haul-out areas include the Antarctic Peninsula.
On following pages: 3. Juan Fernandez Fur Seal (Arctocephalus philippii); 4. Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsend australis); 7. New Zealand Fur Seal (Arctocephalus forsteri); 8. Subantarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis); 9. Afro-Australian); 5. Galapagos Fur Seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis); 6. South American Fur Seal (Arctocephalus Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus). in Otariidae
On following pages: 3. Juan Fernandez Fur Seal (Arctocephalus philippii); 4. Guadalupe Fur Seal (Arctocephalus townsend australis); 7. New Zealand Fur Seal (Arctocephalus forsteri); 8. Subantarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis); 9. Afro-Australian); 5. Galapagos Fur Seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis); 6. South American Fur Seal (Arctocephalus Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus).
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.pusillusSchreber,1775—coastalSAfrica,fromAngolatoAlgoaBayinSouthAfrica. A. p. doriferus Wood Jones, 1925 — coastal SE Australia, including Kangaroo I, through Victoria and New South Wales, as well as Tasmania and the Bass Strait. in Otariidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.pusillusSchreber,1775—coastalSAfrica,fromAngolatoAlgoaBayinSouthAfrica. A. p. doriferus Wood Jones, 1925 — coastal SE Australia, including Kangaroo I, through Victoria and New South Wales, as well as Tasmania and the Bass Strait.
Distribution. N in Otariidae
Distribution. N Pacific, including the Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, and Sea of Japan, S to Japan (Honshu), and N Mexico (Baja California).
Distribution. E in Otariidae
Distribution. E North Pacific Ocean from SC Alaska to Islas Marias off Nayarit, Mexico, including the Gulf of California.
Distribution. S South America, from Uruguay S in Otariidae
Distribution. S South America, from Uruguay S to Cape Horn and the Falkland Is on the Atlantic side; on the Pacific side, the Magellanic region and from C Peru to N Chile; regularly visits S Brazil.
Distribution. Galapagos Is in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, including all main islands and numerous smaller rocks; irregularly on Isla de la Plata off mainland Ecuador. in Otariidae
Distribution. Galapagos Is in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, including all main islands and numerous smaller rocks; irregularly on Isla de la Plata off mainland Ecuador.
Figure 9 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 9. Timing of dispersal of Otariidae into the Southern Hemisphere, as constrained by molecular clock (Yonezawa et al., 2009), fossil, and climatic data. Youngest ages of fossil taxa Hydrarctos lomasiensis (Muizon, 1978; Pilleri, 1990; Ehret et al., 2012) and Arctocephalus sp. nov. (Avery & Klein, 2011) indicated by circles, with possible oldest ages indicated by the dashed lines. Temperature data from Fedorov et al. (2013) and Rousselle et al. (2013) based on Ocean Deep-drilling Program sites 1021 (high latitude), 1010 (subtropical), and U1338 (tropical). Opal mass accumulation rates (MAR) from Farrell et al. (1995). Vertical red line indicates maximum sea surface temperature (SST) temperature tolerance reconstructed for ancestor of southern clade. Green horizontal bar indicates the most likely time period of dispersal into the Southern Hemisphere from the North Pacific, when subtropical SSTs were depressed and equatorial productivity was high.
Figure 8 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 8. Ancestral maximal sea surface temperature (SST) tolerance for Otariidae. Phylogeny used was the EX combined evidence phylogeny, which excludes fossil taxa with 50% or fewer cells coded for morphology. Fossil taxa are excluded. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 7 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 7. Pattern of otariid dispersal based upon Bayesian ancestral area reconstruction presented in Figure 6. Numbers in circles represent major centres of origin, and with directions of dispersals indicated by arrows. Less certain dispersal routes are indicated by black dashed lines. 1, origin of Otariidae in North Pacific; 2, origin of Southern Hemisphere clade in eastern South Pacific; 3, dispersal of ancestor of Phocarctos to New Zealand; 4, dispersal of ancestor of Arctocephalus to South Africa; 5, tentative dispersal of Arctophoca tropicalis to Southern Ocean; 6, dispersal of Arctophoca gazella to Southern Ocean; 7, dispersal of Otaria and Arctophoca australis to Atlantic coastline of South America; 8, dispersal of Arctop. australis to New Zealand and Australia; 9, tentative dispersal of Arctocephalus to Australia from South Africa; 10, dispersal of Arctocephalus philippii to the west coast of North America; 11, dispersal of Zalophus to the Galapagos. Historic presence of sea lions (grey silhouettes) and fur seals (black silhouettes) on map indicated. Dispersal of Neophoca into Indian Ocean not shown.
Figure 6 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 6. Results of Bayesian (A) and maximum parsimony (B) ancestral area reconstruction. Phylogeny used was the EX combined evidence phylogeny, which excludes fossil taxa with 50% or fewer cells coded for morphology. Key in lower left corner is for both A and B. Extinct taxa indicated by †. RASP in figure key refers to the program used for Bayesian ancestral character state reconstruction.
Figure 4 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 4. Results of Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of molecules. Mitochondrial DNA (A) includes cytochrome b and d-loop sequences. Nuclear DNA (B) includes interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 3, growth hormone receptor, and feline sarcoma oncogene gene sequences. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Nodes with high support (posterior probability ≥ 0.95) are indicated by a black circle; nodes with moderate support (posterior probability = 0.90−0.94) are indicated by a white circle. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 2 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 2. Results of prior analyses of otariid phylogeny using molecular data. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae.
Figure 3 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 3. Results of maximum parsimony phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Nodes with high support (bootstrap ≥ 70) are indicated by a black circle; nodes with moderate support (bootstrap = 50–70) are indicated by a white circle. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 1 in Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis
Figure 1. Results of prior analyses of otariid phylogeny using morphological data. Fur seal icons in black represent members of Arctocephalinae and sea lion icons in grey represent members of Otariinae. Extinct taxa are annotated with †.
Figure 3 in A comparative analysis on cranial ontogeny of South American fur seals (Otariidae: Arctocephalus)
Figure 3. Bivariate standardized major axis (SMA) regressions for Arctocephalus australis (white circles and dashed line), Arctocephalus gazella (black circles and solid line), and Arctocephalus tropicalis (grey circles and dotted line): A, same slope and intercepts for A. australis, A. gazella, and A. tropicalis; B, different slopes between the growth trajectories; and C, same slope and different intercepts between species. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.
Figure 2 in A comparative analysis on cranial ontogeny of South American fur seals (Otariidae: Arctocephalus)
Figure 2. Cranial measurements of used in this study: BW, braincase width; CBL, condylobasal length; CW, alveolus width of upper canine teeth; LAU, load arm length at upper canine; LO, length of orbit; MW, mastoid width; OCPH, occipital plate height; PL, palatal length; POC, postorbital constriction; PW, palatal width; RH, rostral height; RL, rostral length; RW, rostral width; UPCL, upper postcanine length; ZW, zygomatic width.
Figure 1 in A comparative analysis on cranial ontogeny of South American fur seals (Otariidae: Arctocephalus)
Figure 1. Ventral view of skulls of male Arctocephalus australis (A, B), Arctocephalus gazella (C, D), and Arctocephalus tropicalis (E, F). Ontogenetic series represent non-adult (left) and adult (right) specimens. Scale bar: 30 mm.
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