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Fig. 11 in A comparison of teeth in Tithonian, Late Jurassic, predatory actinopterygian fishes from Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte and its palaeoecological implications

Fig. 11. Microstructure of teeth of pachycormid fish Orthocormus teyleri Lambers, 1988, ZPAL P. 16/O-B/3 from Tithonian, Upper Jurassic Kcynia Formation, Corbulomima Limestone (Unit III), Owadów-Brzezinki, Poland. A, B. General view. C. Enameloid (en) and orthodentin (ort) surface with visible longitudinal ridging (marked by arrows). D. View of singular denteonal canal of orthodentin. E–G. Visible structure of orthodentin layer in vertical view, developed as series of winding, ridged irregular cannals. H. Basal cross section in transverse plane, with visible osteodentin (H1), arrows indicating denteonal canals (H2).

Fig. 6 in A comparison of teeth in Tithonian, Late Jurassic, predatory actinopterygian fishes from Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte and its palaeoecological implications

Fig. 6. Horizontal cross sections of teeth of pachycormid fish Orthocormus teyleri Lambers, 1988. A–C. NG/PAL/VERT/OB/O2–4, respectively, thin sections from ZPAL P. 16/O-B/3 from Tithonian, Upper Jurassic Kcynia Formation, Corbulomima Limestone (Unit III), Owadów-Brzezinki, Poland. A. Apical plane with visible osteodentin (ost), surrounded by orthodentin (ort), and outermost enameloid (en). B. Mid-crown plane. B1, general view; B2, osteodentin layer encircled by marginal capillaries (arrows), which contact with orthodentin; B3, osteodentin densely packed with denteons with central denteonal canals (arrows). C. Basal plane. C1, general view; C2, individual denteons pronounced due to diagenetic processes (arrows).

Fig. 10 in A comparison of teeth in Tithonian, Late Jurassic, predatory actinopterygian fishes from Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte and its palaeoecological implications

Fig. 10. Structure of orthodentin of tooth of caturoid fish Strobilodus sp. ZPAL P. 16/O-B/2 from Tithonian, Upper Jurassic Kcynia Formation, Corbulomima Limestone (Unit III), Owadów-Brzezinki, Poland. A. Boundary between orthodentin (ort) and enameloid (en). B, C. Overview of horizontal surface of orthodentin with dental tubuli (arrows). D. Vertical view of boundary between enameloid and orthodentin, with compact, regular enameloid and (E) irregular, rugose, porous orthodentin surface.

Fig. 9 in A comparison of teeth in Tithonian, Late Jurassic, predatory actinopterygian fishes from Owadów-Brzezinki Lägerstatte and its palaeoecological implications

Fig. 9. Examples of superficial penetrations present in orthodentin of caturoid fish Strobilodus sp. ZPAL P. 16/O-B/2 from Tithonian, Upper Jurassic Kcynia Formation, Corbulomima Limestone (Unit III), Owadów-Brzezinki, Poland. A. Overview of penetrated teeth with exposed dentin (borings marked by arrows). B. Close view of structure with visible bifurcating canals. C. Example of advanced bioerosion, with substantial surface area of orthodentin penetrated.

Fig. 13 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 13. Palaeogeographic distribution of the reef-building laminar stromatoporoid genera during the Givetian and Frasnian (Middle–Late Devonian). Localities: 1, Northwest Territories, Canada (MacNeil and Jones 2016); 2, Dinant Basin, southern Belgium (Da Silva et al. 2011a, b); 3, Anti‐Atlas, Morocco (Jakubowicz et al. 2019); 4, Esfahan, central Iran (Mistiaen and Gholamalian 2000); 5, Guizhou, South China; 6, Canning Basin, western Australia (Cockbain 1984); 7, Queensland, eastern Australia (Cook 1999). Palaeogeographic map is based on Golonka (2002).

Fig. 2 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 2. Field photographs of the Jiwozhai reef. A. A panoramic view of the whole reef unit, with a white rectangle indicating the studied area. Note the reverse fault in the east. B. A general view shows the studied area of the reef unit. C. Enlarged field photo of the reef fragment marked in B, showing the thick or thin laminar stromatoporoids (undulating dashed line) covered on branching tabulate corals (triangles), solitary rugose corals (crosses), dendroid stromatoporoids (squares), bulbous stromatoporoid (circled line), and clay-rich micrites (fine grained sediments between the metazoan skeletons). D. An example of polished block of the Jiwozhai reef limestone showing toppled dendroid or laminar Stachyodes fasciculata Dong in Dong et al., 1989, and encrusting Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951) in the upper area. Note the conspicuous digitation of mamelons of Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951) in the lower right corner. Sti, Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951); Sta, Stachyodes fasciculata Dong in Dong et al., 1989; Tha, Thamnopora cf. pansiensis Tchi, 1966.

Fig. 11 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 11. Stromatoporoid Stachyodes fasciculata Dong in Dong et al., 1989, from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A. NIGP 177060; longitudinal section and tangential section of the dendroid form. B. NIGP 177061; longitudinal section showing the thick pachysteles and thin pachystromes. C. NIGP 177062; C1, longitudinal section of the bulbous form; C2, enlargement of C1, illustrating regular skeleton; C3, tangential section showing the autotubes and astrorhizal canals; C4, enlargement of C2, showing the coarsely striated microstructure (arrow).

Fig. 9 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 9. Stromatoporoids from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A, B.?Habrostroma laminosum (Lecompte, 1952) A. NIGP 177055; longitudinal section of the laminar form; B. NIGP 177056; B1, longitudinal section of the high domical form; B2, poor preservation of tangential section showing the dense structure; B3, enlargement of B1, showing possible microreticulate microstructure (arrow). C. Parallelopora sp., NIGP 177057; C1, longitudinal section, note the microreticulate microstructure; C2, tangential section showing the autotubes.

Fig. 5. Stromatoporoid Gerronostromaria grossum Dong, 1974, NIGP 177047 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 5. Stromatoporoid Gerronostromaria grossum Dong, 1974, NIGP 177047, from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A1, longitudinal section, note the well differentiated network constructed by thin laminae and pillars; A2, tangential section showing the distinct mamelons; A3, enlargement of A1, illustrating the common occurrence of the diagenetic "clinoreticular" microstructure inside the continuous pillars; A4, enlargement of A2, showing the isolated pillars.

Fig. 1 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 1. Location and stratigraphy of the Jiwozhai reef in Dushan County, Guizhou, South China. A. Map showing southern Guizhou and northern Guangxi and the studied area in China. B. Locality of the Jiwozhai reef in Dushan County. C. Depositional successions and fossil assemblages of the supposed uppermost Eifelian to lowermost Frasnian in Dushan, Guizhou province (modified after Liao et al. 1979; Liao 2003). Abbreviations: Ei, Eifelian; Fr., Frasnian.

Fig. 4 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 4. Pie charts illustrating palaeoecological parameters of the stromatoporiod fauna. A. External morphology. B. Thickness. C. Substrate types. D. Thickness of growth interruption. Abbreviations: Ger, Gerronostromaria grossum Dong, 1974; Cla, Clathrocoilona spissa (Lecompte, 1951);?Hab, Habrostroma laminosum (Lecompte, 1952); Par, Parallelopora sp.; Pse, Pseudotrupetostroma porosum (Yang and Dong, 1979); Sal, Salairella buecheliensis (Bargatzky, 1881); Sta, Stachyodes sp.; Stac, Stachyodes costulata Lecompte, 1952; Staf, Stachyodes fasciculata Dong in Dong et al., 1989; Sti, Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951); Syn, Synthetostroma actinostromoides Lecompte, 1951.

Fig. 3 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 3. Schematic vertical section of stromatoporoids in the Jiwozhai reef (Huang et al. 2020) showing the spatial distribution of different stromatoporoids, note the predominance of the Gerronostromaria grossum Dong, 1974, in the laminar form stromatoporoids. 1, Gerronostromaria grossum Dong, 1974; 2, Clathrocoilona spissa (Lecompte, 1951); 3,?Habrostroma laminosum (Lecompte, 1952); 4, Parallelopora sp.; 5, Pseudotrupetostroma porosum (Yang and Dong, 1979); 6, Salairella buecheliensis (Bargatzky, 1881); 7, Stachyodes costulata Lecompte, 1952; 8, Stachyodes fasciculata Dong in Dong et al., 1989; 9, Stachyodes sp.; 10, Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951); 11, Synthetostroma actinostromoides Lecompte, 1951. Black, stromatoporoids; gray, other organisms between stromatoporoids.

Fig. 12 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 12. Stromatoporoid Stachyodes sp. NIGP 177063, from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A1, longitudinal section; A2, tangential section, note the autotubes and conspicuous astrorhizal canals; A3, enlargement of A1, note the coarsely striated microstructure (arrow); A4, enlargement of the upper middle part of A2, note the probably striated microstructure (arrow); A5, enlargement of the lower left part of A2, note the black dots in the tangential section.

Fig. 8 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 8. Stromatoporoids from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A. Pseudotrupetostroma porosum (Yang and Dong, 1979), NIGP 177053; A1, longitudinal section; A2, tangential section; A3, enlargement of longitudinal section showing coarsely cellular microstructure coated tangential elements (arrows). B. Salairella buecheliensis (Bargatzky, 1881), NIGP 177054; B1, longitudinal section, note the predominance of the pachysteles in the right standard area and amalgamated structure in the left oblique orientation of the thin section; B2, tangential section, note the autotubes in the upper middle area; B3, enlargement of B1 showing coarsely cellular microstructure (arrows) partially transformed into melanospheric microstructure; such features demonstrate the likely diagenetic character of these microstructures and therefore their unreliability as taxonomic discriminators.

Fig. 7 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication

Fig. 7. Stromatoporoids from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A, B. Stictostroma saginatum (Lecompte, 1951) A. NIGP 177050; A1, tangential section showing the isolated pillars and locally irregular skeleton; A2, longitudinal section, note the prominently vertically erected mamelon; A3, enlargement of A2, note the coarsely ordinicellular microstructure (arrows). B. NIGP 177051; longitudinal section, note the encrusting skeleton over Thamnopora sp. debris and a solitary rugose coral. C. Synthetostroma actinostromoides Lecompte, 1951, NIGP 177052; C1, longitudinal section; C2, tangential section.

Fig. 5 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 5. Serpulid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A–C. Cementula spirolinites (Münster in Goldfuss, 1831), specimen encrusting: sponge fragment from the Oxfordian of Zalas (A, GIUS 8-3746/4; B, GIUS 8-3746/5; C, GIUS 8-3746/6). D. Cementula radwanskae sp. nov., holotype (GIUS 8-3589/7, arrow) encrusting a shell fragment from the Callovian of Zalas; partially encrusting another C. radwanskae, sabellid Glomerula gordialis (Schlotheim, 1820) (white arrowhead), and serpulid Metavermilia cf. striatissima (Fürsich, Palmer, and Goodyear, 1994) (black arrowhead). E–G. Cementula radwanskae sp. nov. encrusting shell fragments from the Callovian of Zalas (E, paratype, GIUS 8-3589/8; F, paratype, GIUS 8-3589/9; G, GIUS 8-3589/10).

Fig. 15 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 15. Representative hard substrates colonized by the Middle and Upper Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin. A. Upper Bathonian hiatus concretion from Ogrodzieniec; sabellid Glomerula gordialis (Schlotheim, 1820) (GIUS 8-3751), indicated by arrows. B. Bajocian–Bathonian oncoid from Ogrodzieniec-Świertowiec; the entire oncoid is intensively encrusted by serpulids and sabellids (GIUS 8-3750). C. Callovian bivalve Ctenostreon proboscideum (Sowerby, 1820) from hardground of Zalas; black arrow indicates sabellid Glomerula gordialis, white arrow indicates juvenile serpulid Propomatoceros lumbricalis (GIUS 8-3589). D. Lower Kimmeridgian oyster from oyster shell beds of Małogoszcz; an arrow indicates sabellid Glomerula gordialis (Schlotheim, 1820) (GIUS 8-3747). E. Middle Bathonian oyster from soft muddy substrates of Gnaszyn Dolny; serpulid Propomatoceros lumbricalis (Schlotheim, 1820) is exemplified by arrows (black and white). White arrows point the specimens infested by the hydroid Protulophila gestroi (Rovereto, 1901) (GIUS 8-3730). F. Oxfordian sponge from Zalas; an arrow indicates serpulid Filogranula spongiophila sp. nov. (GIUS 8-3746). Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 11 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 11. Serpulid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Placostegus planorbiformis (Münster in Goldfuss, 1831) encrusting a sponge fragment from the Oxfordian of Zalas (GIUS 8-3746/8). B. Pseudovermilia sp. encrusting a rock fragment from the Callovian of Zalas (GIUS 8-3589/15). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 4. Serpulid polychaetes from the Jurassic of Poland. A. Metavermilia? sp. encrusting a belemnite rostrum from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (GIUS 8-3730/9). B–E. Filogranula runcinata (Sowerby, 1829), specimens encrusting: an oncoid from the upper Bajocian–lower Bathonian of Ogrodzieniec-Świertowiec (B, GIUS 8-3750/3); a hiatus concretion from the upper Bajocian of Mokrsko (C, GIUS 8-3751/4); shell fragments from the middle Bathonian of Gnaszyn Dolny (D, GIUS 8-3730/10), the Callovian of Zalas (E, GIUS 8-3589/6). F, G. Filogranula spongiophila sp. nov. encrusting sponge fragments from the Oxfordian of Zalas (F, holotype, GIUS 8-3746/2; G, paratype, GIUS 8-3746/3). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Middle and Late Jurassic tube-dwelling polychaetes from the Polish Basin: diversity, palaeoecology and comparisons with other assemblages

Fig. 1. Palaeogeography and geology of the investigated area. A. Paleogeographical sketch-map of Europe during the Middle Jurassic (from Leonowicz 2016, modified after Ziegler 1990). AM, Armorican Massif; BM, Bohemian Massif; CEBS, Central European Basin System; CNSD, Central North Sea Dome; IBM, Iberian Meseta,; IM, Irish Massif; LBM, London-Brabant Massif; MCA, Meta-Carpathian Arc; RHB, Rockall-Hatton Bank; UH, Ukrainian High. B. Geological sketch-map of Poland without the Cenozoic cover with three sampled localities indicated. HCM, Holy Cross Mountains; PJ, Polish Jura; 1, Bolęcin; 2, Zalas; 3, Małogoszcz. C. Geological map of the Polish Jura area without Quaternary cover, with sampled localities indicated (after Zatoń and Taylor 2009b).