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41 results for “Papio papio”
Papio spp. (modern) (2501.1rp5-1)
***Papio spp.*** Location: Africa. Age: modern. Material: epoxy resin cast. Dimensions: length, 222 mm; width, 124 mm; height, 98 mm. Notes: RLA catalog no. 2501.1rp5-1 (cast). Male baboon cranium. Cast manufacturer unknown. From the teaching collection of the Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Model by Jordyn Gray. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Insights into short and long-term crop-foraging strategies in a chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) from GPS and accelerometer data
<p>Crop-foraging by animals is a leading cause of human-wildlife 'conflict' globally, affecting farmers and resulting in the death of many animals in retaliation, including primates. Despite significant research into crop-foraging by primates, relatively little is understood about the behaviour and movements of primates in and around crop fields, largely due to the limitations of traditional observational methods. Crop-foraging by primates in large scale agriculture has also received little attention. We used GPS and accelerometer bio-loggers, along with environmental data, to gain an understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of activity for a female in a crop-foraging baboon group in and around commercial farms in South Africa over one year. Crop fields were avoided for most of the year, suggesting that fields are perceived as a high-risk habitat. When field visits did occur, this was generally when plant primary productivity was low, suggesting that crops were a 'fallback food'. All recorded field visits were at or before 15:00. Activity was significantly higher in crop fields than in the landscape in general, evidence that crop-foraging is an energetically costly strategy and that fields are perceived as a risky habitat. In contrast, activity was significantly lower within 100m of the field edge than in the rest of the landscape, suggesting that baboons wait near the field edge to assess risks before crop-foraging. Together this understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop-foraging can help to inform crop protection strategies and reduce conflict between humans and baboons in South Africa.</p>
On following pages: 41. Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus); 42. Olive Baboon (Papio anubis); 43. Guinea Baboon (Papio papio); 44. Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas); 45. Gelada (Theropithecus gelada). in Cercopithecidae
On following pages: 41. Chacma Baboon (Papio ursinus); 42. Olive Baboon (Papio anubis); 43. Guinea Baboon (Papio papio); 44. Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas); 45. Gelada (Theropithecus gelada).
Resources for genomic analyses in baboons (genus Papio)
<p>Resources for genomic analyses in baboons (genus <em>Papio</em>). See "Analysis of 100 high coverage genomes from a pedigreed captive baboon colony" by Robinson et al. 2019 for further details.</p> <p><strong>Panu_2.0_Panu_3.0_chain_files.tar.gz</strong> Chain files for converting coordinates between Panu_2.0 and Panu_3.0. All coordinates in the files below correspond to Panu_2.0, but can be converted to coordinates in the new assembly, Panu_3.0, using the chain files with liftOver (Hinrichs et al. 2006, DOI:10.1093/nar/gkj144).</p> <p><strong>baboon_100_highcoverage_SNPRC_sample_info.txt</strong> Sample information: Sample ID, Sequencing ID, Type, Sex, Fped (%), Admixed, Mean coverage (X). The type, sex, inbreeding coefficient (Fped), and admixture status are all based on the SNPRC pedigree.</p> <p><strong>baboon_24_olive_founders_phased.vcf.gz</strong> Phased VCF files for 24 olive baboon founders. Phasing was performed with Beagle (Browning and Browning 2007, DOI:10.1086/521987), assuming an effective population size of 40,000 individuals (Boissinot et al. 2014, DOI:10.1002/ajpa.22618). SNPs were filtered to remove singletons and thinned so that no two sites were closer than 10 bp. <strong>baboon_24_olive_founders_phased.vcf.gz.tbi</strong> is the index for the VCF file.</p> <p><br> <strong>baboon_ldhelmet_recombination_maps.tar.gz</strong> Fine-scale recombination maps produced with LDhelmet (Chan et al. 2012, DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003090) based on phased genotypes from 24 olive baboon founders. Results from three block penalties are provided (5, 25, 50).</p> <p><strong>baboon_AIMs_33founders_fixed_yellow_olive.txt</strong> List of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing olive and yellow baboon ancestry. These sites represent fixed differences between 7 genetically yellow and 24 genetically olive baboons.</p> <p><strong>baboon_plink_ROH.bed</strong> Coordinates of runs of homozygosity in BED format, inferred with PLINK (Chang et al. 2015, DOI:10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8) using the default behavior of the --homozyg function. The following parameters were used to prune SNPs beforehand: --indep-pairwise 50 5 0.5. The columns are: chromosome, start position, end position, sample name.</p> <p><strong>baboon_LOF_mutations.txt</strong> List of putative LOF mutations annotated with SnpEff (Cingolani et al. 2012, DOI:10.4161/fly.19695). The following mutation types were included: “stop_gained”, “start_lost”, “stop_lost”, “splice_acceptor_variant”, “splice_donor_variant”.</p>
Individual differences in coping styles and associations with social structure in wild baboons (Papio anubis)
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Data from: The effect of excluding juveniles on apparent adult olive baboons (Papio anubis) social networks
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Data from: To grunt or not to grunt: factors governing call production in female olive baboons, Papio anubis
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Data from: Role of grooming in reducing tick load in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
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Data from: Measuring fecal testosterone in females and fecal estrogens in males: comparison of RIA and LC/MS/MS methods for wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
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Data from: Predicting the impacts of climate change on Papio baboon biogeography: are widespread, generalist primates ‘safe’?
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Data from: Testosterone positively associated with both male mating effort and paternal behavior in savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
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Insights into short and long-term crop-foraging strategies in a chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) from GPS and accelerometer data
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Foraging in fear: spatial variation in range use, vigilance, and perceived risk in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)
Spatial variation in predation risk can lead to behavioural modifications including increased vigilance and avoidance. Coined the landscape of fear, previous studies have suggested that an animal's spatial perception of risk is the most critical landscape within their environment. Few studies have integrated the landscape of fear with spatial measures of risk and assessments of resource availability within a single analytical framework. We assessed whether long-term space use in chacma baboons was influenced by the distribution of key resources, perceived risk and the probability of encountering threats. We also assessed whether vigilance, varied spatially in response to potential threats. Contrary to expectations, perceived risk was primarily related to other baboon groups rather than predators, with the baboons modifying their range use to reduce intergroup encounters. In contrast, the probability of encountering leopards was the primary determinant of spatial variation in vigilance behaviour. Collectively, while other groups have a greater influence on space use, the baboons are critically aware of the predation risk landscape, modifying their vigilance strategies in response to leopards. Baboons thus use different long-term strategies to alleviate the risks imposed by different threats. Our methodological approaches provide a framework for future studies looking to tease apart these effects.
Data from: Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
Variation in resource availability commonly exerts strong effects on fitness-related traits in wild animals. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects, or about their persistence over time. To address these questions, we profiled genome-wide whole blood DNA methylation levels in two sets of wild baboons: (i) 'wild-feeding' baboons that foraged naturally in a savanna environment and (ii) 'Lodge' baboons that had ready access to spatially concentrated human food scraps, resulting in high feeding efficiency and low daily travel distances. We identified 1,014 sites (0.20% of sites tested) that were differentially methylated between wild-feeding and Lodge baboons, providing the first evidence that resource availability shapes the epigenome in a wild mammal. Differentially methylated sites tended to occur in contiguous stretches (i.e., in differentially methylated regions or DMRs), in promoters and enhancers, and near metabolism-related genes, supporting their functional importance in gene regulation. In agreement, reporter assay experiments confirmed that methylation at the largest identified DMR, located in the promoter of a key glycolysis-related gene, was sufficient to causally drive changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, all dispersing males carried a consistent epigenetic signature of their membership in a wild-feeding group, regardless of whether males dispersed into or out of this group as adults. Together, our findings support a role for DNA methylation in mediating ecological effects on phenotypic traits in the wild, and emphasize the dynamic environmental sensitivity of DNA methylation levels across the life course.
Fig. 4. Bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates, using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 20 in Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin
Fig. 4. Bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates, using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 20 sequences of 12S rDNA gene of cestodes having coenurus type larvae (Taenia serialis and T. multiceps) and one sequence of Echinococcus granulosus, as outgroup. For each sequence, the GenBank Accession number, species, developmental stage, host and geographic origin are provided. A total of 320 positions were included in the dataset. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches.
Fig. 2 in Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin
Fig. 2. Macroscopic appearance of a Taenia serialis cyst during surgery, located in intermuscular tissues. Multiple protoscolices are visible as white spots on the inner surface of the cyst.
Data from: Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
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Data from: Long-term storage effects in steroid metabolite extracts from baboon (Papio sp.) faeces – a comparison of three commonly applied storage methods
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Foraging in fear: spatial variation in range use, vigilance, and perceived risk in Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)
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Effect of maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) during pregnancy on fetal liver gene expression in baboons (Papio anubis).
GEO Series GSE211085. Papio anubis. 56 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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