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Fig. 6 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 6. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots showing convergence of parasite community composition in translocated (TYPE T) and resident (TYPE R) woylie groups following translocation. Boxes on the left depict both groups at all time points prior to and including the point of translocation; boxes on the right depict both groups six months after translocation.

Fig. 5 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 5. Overall parasite infracommunity richness in (A) translocated and (B) resident woylies over time. TRAN: time of translocation; Error bars represent one standard error.

Fig. 2 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 2. The overall effect of site on mean faecal egg counts (above solid line) and parasite prevalence (below solid horizontal line) for each parasite taxon in (A) translocated and (B) resident woylies. Error bars represent 95% CI.

Fig. 3 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 3. The effect of time since translocation (model coefficients for all sites combined) on mean faecal egg counts (above solid horizontal line) and parasite prevalence (below solid horizontal line) for each parasite taxon in translocated and resident woylies. Left of the dashed vertical line indicates a negative effect, right of the line indicates a positive effect; Error bars represent 95% CI.

Fig. 4 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 4. Significant changes to mean strongyle egg counts (A) and flea prevalence (B) over time. TRAN: time of translocation; Boxplots (A) are delimited by the first (lower) and third (upper) quartile with the median represented by the thick horizontal line; whiskers represent the 1.5 interquartile range; solid black dots represent outliers; Error bars (B) represent 95% CI.

Fig. 1 in Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation

Fig. 1. Map (from Northover et al., 2019) illustrating the study sites within south-western Australia, including Walcott and Warrup East in relation to Perup Sanctuary (box, right), and Dryandra, situated roughly 250 km north-east of the Upper Warren region.

Fig. 4 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 4. Map showing the geographic distribution of three small mammal assemblage types predicted for the City of Calgary area by a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model associating the environmental variables to assemblage types, developed from data collected in 2012 and 2013 (Liccioli et al., 2014). Note how large portion of BWM and NHP were classified as assemblage 1 as expected, but also large portion of FCPP, where it was not expected.

Fig. 1 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 1. Study sites for the characterization of the small mammal assemblages in urban Calgary, AB, Canada in 2012–2013, showing the location of five areas in Urban Calgary and detailed map of Bowmont, Southland Lowlands, and Weaselhead. Bowmont (BM), Fishcreek Provincial Park (FCPP), Nose Hill Park (NHP), Southland Lowlands (SL), and Weaselhead (WSH).

Fig. 2 in A community analysis approach to parasite transmission in multi-host systems: Assemblages of small mammal prey and Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban area in North America

Fig. 2. Dendrograms derived from the Bray-Curtis similarity of small mammal assemblages in five parks and natural areas in urban Calgary, AB, Canada, 2012–2013. a) Dendrogram using abundance data and group-average clustering algorithm. The dashed line indicates the cluster cut-off line of 45% similarity. Symbols for each site indicate the prevalence of definitive hosts (EmDH) and presence (1) or absence (0) of infected small mammals (EmIH). b) Dendrogram using abundance data and complete-linkage clustering algorithm. Note how it is similar to the dendrogram using group-average algorithm. c) Dendrogram using proportion data and group-average clustering algorithm. Note how all BM sites are in single cluster and all NHP sites and most sites are in another cluster, similar to the dendrogram using abundance data.

Fig. 2. A in Multiple infestations of gastrointestinal parasites - Probable cause for high mortality of Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) at Kokrebellur Community Reserve, India

Fig. 2. A. Larvae of Contracaecum sp. in fish, B. Adult Contracaecum sp. worms in the pelican, C. Eggs of Echinostoma sp. in pelican fecal and water samples, D. Eggs of Contracaecum sp. in pelican fecal and water samples and E. Eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini in pelican fecal samples.

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Fig. 1 in Environmental and ecological factors driving trematode parasite community assembly in central Alberta lakes

Fig. 1. Host-Parasite diversity correlations. Spearman rank correlations of A) snail and trematode richness, pooled by site, B) non-pooled, sample-based, snail and trematode richness, C) snail and trematode effective species based on Shannon index (exp(H)) for all lakes, and D) effective species by each site at Buffalo Lake. PP = Pelican Point, RS = Rochon Sands, TN = The Narrows.

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Fig. 3 in Environmental and ecological factors driving trematode parasite community assembly in central Alberta lakes

Fig. 3. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of trematode component communities. Relative abundances of trematode species by sample are constrained by environmental variables from the best-fit model (community \lake trophic status \+ ecoregion \+ latitude). Trematode species abbreviations are shown in grey. CCA results are in red as eigenvectors. Ecoregions are identified with a blue dotted line. The trophic status of each lake is identified with an ellipse.

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Fig. 2 in Environmental and ecological factors driving trematode parasite community assembly in central Alberta lakes

Fig. 2. Multivariate Homogeneity of Group Dispersion for Trematode Communities. Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were used to examine the homogeneity of variance among samples (trematode species counts) when grouped by different geographical or anthropogenic-use distinctions. The left panels show the twodimensional visualizations of the data by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) plots. Each grouping is labeled in the center, and ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals. The right panels provide a boxplot of the distance to centroid for each group in the multivariate analysis. A) samples grouped by site, B) grouped by river basin, C) grouped by ecoregion, D) group by site-type or anthropogenic use (beach or boat launch). Statistical significance for differences between groups is indicated by an asterisk.

Fig. 2 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 2. Intensity of infection (mean ± SE number of parasites per host, including infected hosts only) of the six most common helminth parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, during three sampling periods. Graphs on the right-hand side do not include the 2015–2017 period, as these species were not found during that period. See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 4 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 4. Pairwise relationships between numbers of parasites per host for the three most common digenean parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, across all three sampling periods combined. The line represents the relationship (with 95% confidence intervals) predicted by the generalized linear model; see text. Tick marks indicate partial residuals with either positive (top) or negative values (bottom). See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 3 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 3. Scatterplots of pairwise relationships between numbers of parasites per host for the three most common digenean parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, across all three sampling periods combined. See Table 1 for full species names.

Fig. 1 in Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon

Fig. 1. Abundance (mean number of parasites per host, including non-infected hosts) of the six most common helminth parasites of eels, Anguilla anguilla, in Comacchio Lagoons, during three sampling periods: 2005–2006 (N = 140 eels), 2010–2013 (N = 131), and 2015–2017 (N = 30). Note that some values for the time period 2015–2017 are based on very few fish; see Table 1 for actual numbers and for full species names.

Fig. 2 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 2. Correlation between the mean number of parasite taxa and mean length among the different size classes of Arctic charr and brown trout with a 95% confidence interval.

Fig. 1 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 1. Frequency of occurrence of prey categories in the diet of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout throughout their ontogenesis. Prey categories not related to intestinal parasite transmission are excluded.

Fig. 4 in Impacts of ontogenetic dietary shifts on the food-transmitted intestinal parasite communities of two lake salmonids

Fig. 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot on Bray-Curtis distances of a) Arctic charr and b) brown trout showing dissimilarity in parasite community composition between different size classes including 95% confidence intervals ellipses. NMDS converged on a three-dimensional solution with an acceptable stress level.