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380 results for “Pea”
Applicability of pea ingredients in baked products: links between formulation, reactivity potential and physicochemical properties
<p>This is the data used for the figures and supplementary information in the following publication:</p> <p>Krause, S., Asamoah, E.A., Huc-Mathis, D., Moulin, G., Jakobi, R., Rega, B. & Bonazzi, C. (2022). Applicability of pea ingredients in baked products: links between formulation, reactivity potential and physicochemical properties. Food Chemistry, 132653. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132653">10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132653</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of purified pea ingredients (starch and protein isolate) by assessing their potential to form volatile compounds during the different steps of sponge cake development compared to pea flour and wheat flour. While pea flour was highly susceptible to lipid oxidation during batter beating, the combination of purified pea starch and pea protein yielded significantly fewer oxidation markers with known green-beany off-odors. This was due more to the inactivation of lipoxygenase during flour fractionation than to differences in batter structure. However, fractionated ingredients were highly prone to participating in the Maillard reaction and caramelization during baking, leading to a more complex mixture of pyrazines, Strecker aldehydes and furanic compounds with potential malty and roasted notes compared to cakes based on pea flour or wheat flour. These findings confirm that using purified pea fractions can create high-quality products with an attractive composition.</p>
Pea aphid winged and wingless males exhibit reproductive, gene expression, and lipid metabolism differences
<p><span>Alternative, intraspecific phenotypes offer an opportunity to identify the mechanistic basis of differences associated with distinctive life-history strategies. Wing dimorphic insects, in which both flight-capable and flight-incapable individuals occur in the same population, are particularly well-studied in terms of why and how the morphs trade-off flight for reproduction. Yet despite a wealth of studies examining the differences between female morphs, little is known about male differences, which could arise from different causes than those acting on females. Here we examined reproductive, gene expression, and biochemical differences between pea aphid (<em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em>) winged and wingless males. We find that winged males are competitively superior in one-on-one mating circumstances, but wingless males reach reproductive maturity faster and have larger testes. We suggest that males </span><span>tradeoff increased local matings with concurrent possible inbreeding for outbreeding and increased ability to find mates. At the mechanistic level, differential gene expression between the morphs revealed a possible role for activin and insulin signaling in morph differences; it also highlighted genes not previously identified as being functionally important in wing polymorphism, such as genes likely involved in sperm production. Further, we find that winged males have higher lipid levels, consistent with their use as flight fuel, but we find no consistent patterns of different levels of activity among five enzymes associated with lipid biosynthesis. Overall, our analyses provide evidence that winged versus wingless males exhibit differences at the reproductive, biochemical, and gene expression levels, expanding the field's understanding of the functional aspects of morph differences.</span></p>
Fig. 85 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 85. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), male (5.4 × 5.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.783), Philippines. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, ventral view of sternum and pleon; D, outer view of right chela.
Fig. 84 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 84. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846). A, ovigerous female (carapace width 11.9 mm, carapace broken) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; B, ovigerous female (13.6 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore; C, ovigerous female (11.8 × 9.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; D, ovigerous female (11.0 × 8.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1017), Panglao, Philippines; E, ovigerous female (16.6 × 12.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.185), Kerala, India; F, G, ovigerous female (14.7 × 11.2 mm) (ZRC 2016.184), Kerala, India. A, frontal margin of carapace; B, C, E–G, left MXP3 (setae denuded); D, right MXP3 (setae denuded). F, G, drawn at different angles. Scales = A, 1.0 mm; B–G, 0.5 mm.
Fig. 81 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 81. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846). A, ovigerous female (12.1 × 9.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.166), Vanuatu; B, E, F, ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.165), Vanuatu; C, ovigerous female (11.9 × 9.3 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore; D, ovigerous female (13.6 × 10.5 mm) (ZRC 2017.1019), Changi, Singapore. A–D, overall dorsal view; E, frontal view of cephalothorax; F, left P2–P5.
Fig. 78 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 78. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), type female (20.0 × 18.0 mm). A, overall dorsal view; B, D, left MXP3; C, outer view of right chela. A–C, after Hombron & Jacquinot (1846: pl. 5 figs. 21–23); D, after Milne Edwards (1853: pl. 11 fig. 6).
Fig. 74 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 74. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life. A, non-ovigerous female (14.4 × 10.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.1018), Changi, Singapore; B–D, ovigerous female (13.2 × 9.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1018), Changi, Singapore. A, B, overall dorsal view; C, D, frontal view of cephalothorax. Photographs: Tan Heok Hui.
Fig. 72 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 72. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life. A, ovigerous female (13.0 × 10.0 mm) (ZRC 2018.782), Philippines; B, ovigerous female (9.0 × 6.8 mm) (ZRC 2018.781), Philippines; C, male (5.4 × 5.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.783), Philippines. Photographs: A, Chan Tin-Yam.
Fig. 75 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 75. Magnotheres globosus (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846), colour in life, non-ovigerous female (14.6 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1020), with bopyrid parasite (Rhopalione sp.), Changi, Singapore. A, overall habitus; B, frontal view of cephalothorax showing asymmetrical pleon; C, female pleon with left side folded inwards; D, ventral surface of pleon showing folding of left side; E, ventral view of Rhopalione sp.; F, dorsal view of Rhopalione sp. Photographs: Lee Bee Yan.
Fig. 69 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 69. Nepinnotheres corbiculae (Sakai, 1939). A, female, overall dorsal view; B, left female MXP3; C, outer view of left female chela. A, after Sakai (1976: pl. 200 fig. 4); B, C, after Sakai (1939: text-fig. 77).
Fig. 66 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 66. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895). A–I, neotype female (13.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2020.13), Indonesian Papua; J, K, female (14.1 × 13.1 mm) (ZRC 2001.2237), Singapore. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I, left MXP3; J, distal part of left P5 dactylus (ventral view, soft setae omitted); K, distal part of right P5 dactylus (ventral view, soft setae omitted). Scales = A–H, 1.0 mm; I, 0.5 mm; J, K, 0.25 mm.
Fig. 65 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 65. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), overall dorsal view. A, neotype female (13.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2020.13), Indonesian Papua; B, female (11.5 × 10.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.766), Indonesian Papua; C, female (13.9 × 12.4 mm) (ZRC 2003.681), Singapore; D, female (13.3 × 11.9 mm) (ZRC 2012.1223), Singapore; E, female (8.0 × 7.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.254), Peninsular Malaysia; F, female (11.9 × 10.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.254), Peninsular Malaysia.
Fig. 67 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 67. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), male (3.3 × 3.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.765), Indonesian Papua. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, outer view of right chela.
Fig. 71 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 71. Nepinnotheres corbiculae (Sakai, 1939), male (2.1 × 1.8 mm) (KPM-NH 106679), Japan. A, right MXP3 (outer view); B, right MXP3 (inner view); C, D, propodus and dactylus of right MXP3 (outer view); E, outer view of left chela; F–I, left P2–P5, respectively; J, right P3; K, pleon; L, left G1 (ventral view); M, left G1 (dorsal view); N, distal part of left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); O, distal part of left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); P, right G2; Q, distal part of right G2. Scales = A, B, E–M, P, 0.2 mm; C, D, N, O, Q, 0.1 mm.
Fig. 68 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 68. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), male (3.3 × 3.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.765), Indonesian Papua. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I, outer view of right chela; J, left MXP3; K, palp of left MXP3 (outer view); L, palp of left MXP3 (inner view); M, pleon; N, left G1 (ventral view); O, distal part of left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); P, left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); Q, left G2. Scales = A–I, M, 0.5 mm; J–L, N–Q, 0.2 mm.
Fig. 61 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 61. Arcotheres placunicola Ng, 2018, after Ng (2018a: fig. 4). A, B, D–P, paratype male (5.6 × 4.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010); C, Q, paratype young male (2.4 × 2.4 mm) (ZRC 2017.1014). Both specimens from Changi, Singapore. A, right chela and carpus (setae omitted); B, C, male pleon; D, right MXP3 (setae omitted); E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I–L, left P2–P5, respectively (setae omitted); L', distal part of P5 dactylus (dorsal view, soft setae omitted); M, Q, left G1 (ventral view, setae omitted); N, left G1 (dorsal view, setae omitted); O, left G2 (setae omitted); P, right G2 (mesial view showing exopod, setae omitted). Scales = A, B, E–L, 1.0 mm; D, M–P, 0.5 mm; C, L', Q, 0.25 mm.
Fig. 64 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 64. Plenotheres coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), female (6.8 × 6.5 mm) (ZRC 2018.246), Peninsular Malaysia. A, overall dorsal view; B, ventral view of cephalothorax; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of right chela.
Fig. 70 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 70. Nepinnotheres corbiculae (Sakai, 1939), male (2.1 × 1.8 mm) (KPM-NH 106679), Japan. A, overall dorsal view; B, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, outer view of left chela.
Fig. 60 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 60. Arcotheres placunicola Ng, 2018. A–C, paratype male (5.6 × 4.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010), Changi, Singapore; D–H, male (3.7 × 3.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.802), Batu Pahat, Peninsular Malaysia. A, D, overall dorsal view; B, E, frontal view of cephalothorax; C, F, outer view of left chela; G, left G1; H, distal part of P5 (ventral view). B after Ng (2018a: fig. 2B).
Fig. 59 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera
Fig. 59. Arcotheres placunicola Ng, 2018, after Ng (2018a: fig. 3). A, C, E–K, holotype ovigerous female (11.2 × 8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1009), Changi, Singapore; B, D, paratype ovigerous female (10.1 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2017.1012), Changi, Singapore. A, B, outer view of right MXP3; C, left chela and carpus; D–G, left P2–P5, respectively; G', distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, soft setae omitted); H–K, right P2–P5, respectively; K', distal part of dactylus of right P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (ventral view, soft setae omitted); K", distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, soft setae omitted). Scales = A, B, G', K', K", 0.5 mm; C–K, 1.0 mm.
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