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91 results for “Phaeophyceae”
FIG. 1 in Molecular-assisted taxonomic study on the Sargassum C.Agardh (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in northwestern Luzon, Philippines
FIG. 1. — Map of the Philippines showing collection localities and distribution of specimens of Sargassum C.Agardh used in this study.
FIG. 2 in Molecular-assisted taxonomic study on the Sargassum C.Agardh (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in northwestern Luzon, Philippines
FIG. 2. — Maximum likelihood tree of Sargassum C.Agardh from northwestern Philippines based on cox3 sequence data. Support values in the form of nonparametric bootstrap (NPBS), approximate likelihood ratio test percentages (aLRT), ultrafast bootstrap (UFBS) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) are shown at each branch. Thickened lines indicate highly supported nodes (NPBS: ≥ 90%; aLRT: ≥ 90%; UFBS: ≥ 95%; and BPP: ≥ 0.90). Values <80% (NPBS), <80% (aLRT), <80% (UFBS), and <0.80 (BPP) are removed. Specimen codes correspond to those listed in Appendix 1. Abbreviations: AU, Australia; FP, French Polynesia; KR, Korea; NC, New Caledonia; PH, Philippines; SG, Singapore; VU, Vanuatu.
FIG. 5. — Sargassum polycystum C in Molecular-assisted taxonomic study on the Sargassum C.Agardh (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in northwestern Luzon, Philippines
FIG. 5. — Sargassum polycystum C.Agardh from northwestern Philippines: A, habit of a typical muricate S. polycystum showing stoloniferous holdfast (s) arising from the main axes, these having several cauline blades (ca); B, habit of a female specimen of S. polycystum; C, habit of a male S. polycystum with few secondary axes, some areas showing filiform receptacles; D, portion of an axis showing short protuberances typical to S. polycystum; E, portion of a female S. polycystum specimen showing a smooth surface and numerous, often densely aggregated mucronate vesicles; F, terminal portion of an axis showing young, flattened receptacles (arrowheads) closely associated with ovoid vesicles with short mucro, each vesicle also having long stalks; G, terminal portion of an axis of a male specimen showing branching filiform receptacles (arrowhead) that are closely associated with spherical vesicles with short stalks. Scale bars: A-C, 5 cm; D, E, 1 cm; F, G, 0.25 cm.
FIG. 4 in Molecular-assisted taxonomic study on the Sargassum C.Agardh (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) in northwestern Luzon, Philippines
FIG. 4. — Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C.Agardh from northwestern Philippines: A, top view of some S. ilicifolium thalli growing in the shallow subtidal of Arosan, Bolinao, Pangasinan; B, in situ photograph of a young S. ilicifolium thalli showing the wavy and toothed and occasionally "duplicated" blades (arrowhead); C, pressed herbarium specimen of S. ilicifolium from Ilocos Sur, Philippines. Portion of an axis showing several turbinariod blades (C': arrowheads); D, portion of an axis showing small, ribbed vesicles (arrowheads) growing together with blades of various shapes; E, fertile portion of a female plant showing the compressed to flattened and toothed female receptacles (arrowheads) that are closely associated with blades; F, portion of a male plant showing terete receptacles (arrowheads) that are closely associated with vesicles (arrows) and blades; G, variability of shape and form of S. ilicifolium blades, those with double rows of teeth, duplicated apical margins, and with cup-shaped/turbinarioid apices are indicated with double arrowheads, arrow, and arrowhead, respectively. Scale bars: C, 5 cm; C', E-G, 1 cm; D, 2 cm.
Genetic diversity of a marine foundation species, Laminaria hyperborea (Phaeophyceae Laminariales), along the coast of Ireland
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Data from: Curation: heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations
<p>We aim to understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution by assessing physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics. We <a>hypothesize</a> that Arctic and cold-temperate populations are less heat resilient than warm-temperate populations. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers to relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, underlying strong hierarchical structuring between and within southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences we<a>re </a>revealed for the two populations currently at their warm limits. They respectively <a>show</a> a significant advantage in growth at 19°C and 21°C (Quiberon) and a lack of stress responses in photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigments at 23°C (Helgoland). In addition, quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity in <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population in Spitsbergen. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
Heat stress responses of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across Northeast Atlantic populations: growth, biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments
<p>To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
Global biogeography and diversification of a group of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) driven by clade-specific evolutionary processes
<p class="BodyA"><span><b>Aim:</b> Historical processes that shaped current diversity patterns of seaweeds remain poorly understood. Using Dictyotales, a globally distributed order of brown seaweeds as a model, we test if historical biogeographical and diversification patterns are comparable across clades. Dictyotales contain some 22 genera, three of which, <i>Dictyota</i>, <i>Lobophora</i> and <i>Padina</i>, are exceptionally diverse. Specifically we test if the evolutionary processes in these clades that shaped their latitudinal diversity patterns are in line with the tropical conservatism, the out-of-the-tropics, and diversification rate hypotheses.</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Location:</b> Global coastal benthic marine environments.</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Taxon:</b> Dictyotales (Phaeophyceae)</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Methods:</b> Species diversity was inferred using DNA-based species delineation, addressing cryptic diversity and circumventing taxonomic problems. A six-gene time-calibrated phylogeny, distribution data of 3,755 specimens, and probabilistic modeling of geographic range evolution was used to infer historical biogeographical patterns. The phylogeny was tested against different trait dependent models in order to compare diversification rates for different geographical units as well as different thermal affinities.</span></p> <p class="BodyA"><span><b>Results:</b> The Dictyotales originated in the Middle Jurassic and reach a current peak of species diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific. Ancestral range estimation points to a southern hemisphere origin of Dictyotales corresponding to the tropical southern Tethys Sea. Our results demonstrate that diversification rates were generally higher in tropical regions, but increased diversification rates in different clades are driven by different processes. Three major clades underwent a major diversification burst in the early Cenozoic, with <i>Dictyota </i>and <i>Padina </i>expanding their distribution into temperate regions, while <i>Lobophora</i> retained a predominantly tropical niche.</span></p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Our results are consistent with both the tropical conservatism hypothesis, in which clades originate and remain in the tropics (<i>Lobophora</i>), and the out-of-the-tropics scenario, where taxa originate and expand towards the temperate regions while preserving their presence in the tropics (<i>Dictyota</i>, <i>Padina</i>).</p>
Heat stress responses of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across Northeast Atlantic populations: growth, biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments
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Global biogeography and diversification of a group of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) driven by clade-specific evolutionary processes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Curation: heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 2 in Interactions of daylength, temperature and nutrients affect thresholds for life stage transitions in the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Figure 2: Effects of temperature, nutrient availability and daylength on the development of ontogenetic stages of Laminaria digitata over time (mean values, n = 4). Counting was done every 5 days over a period of 20 days. SE-values are omitted for clarity.
Figure 3 in Interactions of daylength, temperature and nutrients affect thresholds for life stage transitions in the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Figure 3: Effects of temperature, nutrient availability and daylength on the recruitment capacity of juvenile sporophytes of Laminaria digitata after 20 days. (A) Percentage of female gametophyte fragments with juvenile sporophytes. (B) Absolute number of normal sporophytes cm−2. (C) Absolute number of loose lying and/or abnormal sporophytes cm−2 considered to represent partheno-sporophytes. (D) Absolute number of normal sporophytes and partheno-sporophytes together. Values are expressed as the mean ± SE (n = 4). See Tables 2 and 3 for results of statistical analysis.
Figure 1 in Interactions of daylength, temperature and nutrients affect thresholds for life stage transitions in the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Figure 1: Effects of temperature, nutrient availability and daylength on gametophyte surface area of Laminaria digitata after 7 days. Values are expressed as the mean ± SE (n = 4). Dotted line represents the mean value of gametophyte surface area on day 0. Different letters indicate significant differences among the means for each temperature. See Table 1 for results of statistical analysis.
Figure 3 in First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
Figure 3: Bayesian tree, generated with MrBayes, based on the concatenation of cox3, psbA and rbcL gene sequences of Phaeophycean species including Newhousia imbricata and Newhousia yhaga sp. nov. The values shown at each node represent the maximum likelihood (left) and posterior probability (right) values. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 2 in First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
Figure 2: Newhousia yhaga sp. nov. habit and anatomical features. (A, B) Two aspects of the holotype specimen, showing its predominantly olive-green hue. A coralline red alga (Figure 2B, arrow) is epiphytic on the Newhousia crust. (C) Detail of radially growing adjacent and overlapping blades on the surface of the holotype. (D) Fracture of the Newhousia crust exposing underlying blades (arrow). (E) Detail of one of the single surface blades irregularly spreading from the central point (arrow) that initiated its growth. (F, G) Medium and high-power magnifications of banding shown by overlapping layers of blades (dark lines) and calcium carbonate (white lines) that comprise the consolidated crusts of a Newhousia thallus. Newhousia is cemented to coral substratum (Figure 2F, arrow). (H–J) Stages in radial development of surface blades from points of origin (arrows). (K) Surface view of aligned, rectilinear cells of the epithallus. (L, M) Low- and high-power details of cluster of erumpent filaments that may represent juvenile hairs. (N) Cross section of single blade showing double row of rectilinear epithallial cells overlying each cuboidal hypothallial cell. (O) Longitudinal section of single blade showing aligned epithallial row overlying a rectilinear hypothallial cell.
Figure 1 in First report of the Hawaiian genus Newhousia (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from Madang, Papua New Guinea and description of the new species N. yhaga sp. nov.
Figure 1: Map showing the location of Madang, Papua New Guinea, where Newhousia yhaga C.W.Vieira, De Clerck et Payri, sp. nov. was collected.
Figure 3 in Phylogeographic patterns in attached and free-living marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the Baltic Sea
Figure 3: Distribution of concatenated-barcode mtDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) and 23S haplotypes found within the Baltic sea Fucus vesiculosus population. Circle size is proportional to sample size (n) and form is indicated as A (attached) or F (free-living). Site abbreviations: As, AskÖ; HS, Hiddensee; OL, Olkiluoto; SA, Saaremaa; SE, Seili; TZ, Tvärminne. Scale: 200 km.
Figure 2 in Phylogeographic patterns in attached and free-living marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the Baltic Sea
Figure 2: Haplotype network analysis of Fucus vesiculosus using (A) concatenated-barcode mtDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) and 23S, and (B) mtDNA polymorphic region-intergenic spacer (pr-IGS). Circle size is proportional to the haplotype frequency. A branch represents a genetic distance and hash marks represent a single mutation. Branches drawn in broken grey lines represent genetic distances between non-linked haplotypes [not shown in (B)]. All undrawn branches between non-linked haplotypes within B equal <2 mutations. Segment colouration indicates the geographic origin of each haplotype whilst ellipses represent the coverage of each geographic region within the network. Site abbreviations: As, AskÖ; HS, Hiddensee; OL, Olkiluoto; SA, Saaremaa; SE, Seili; TZ, Tvärminne.
Figure 1 in Phylogeographic patterns in attached and free-living marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the Baltic Sea
Figure 1: Factorial analysis using mtDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences for several Fucus species. Black, red and grey points represent Fucus vesiculosus, Baltic sea F. vesiculosus, and all other Fucus species, respectively. Species within cluster A: F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis, F. vesiculosus var. spiralis, F. cottonii, F. virsoides, F. guiryi; cluster B: F. ceranoides; cluster C: F. gardneri, F. distichus, F. evanescens.
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