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73 results for “Pieris”
Fig. 2 in A geometric morphometric study of the wing shapes of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from the Qinling Mountains and adjacent regions: An environmental and distance-based consideration
Fig. 2. Distribution of landmarks on P. rapae forewing and hind wing.
Chromosome-level assemblies of the Pieris mannii butterfly genome suggest Z-origin and rapid evolution of the W chromosome
<p><span>The insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) represents the largest group of organisms with ZW/ZZ sex determination. While the origin of the Z chromosome predates the evolution of the Lepidoptera, the W chromosomes are considered younger, but their origin is debated. To shed light on the origin of the lepidopteran W, we here produce chromosome-level genome assemblies for the butterfly <em>Pieris</em> <em>mannii</em>, and compare the sex chromosomes within and between <em>P. mannii </em>and its sister species <em>P. rapae</em>. Our analyses clearly indicate a common origin of the W chromosomes of the two <em>Pieris</em> species, and reveal similarity between the Z and W in chromosome sequence and structure. This supports the view that the W in these species originates from Z-autosome fusion rather than from a redundant B chromosome. We further demonstrate the extremely rapid evolution of the W relative to the other chromosomes and argue that this may preclude reliable conclusions about the origins of W chromosomes based on comparisons among distantly related Lepidoptera. Finally, we find that sequence similarity between the Z and W chromosomes is greatest toward the chromosome ends, perhaps reflecting selection for the maintenance of recognition sites essential to chromosome segregation. Our study highlights the utility of long-read sequencing technology for illuminating chromosome evolution.</span></p>
Chromosome-level assemblies of the Pieris mannii butterfly genome suggest Z-origin and rapid evolution of the W chromosome
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Data from: Microevolutionary selection dynamics acting on immune genes of the green veined white butterfly, Pieris napi
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Spectral data and R modeling code from: Polarized light sensitivity in Pieris rapae is dependent on both color and intensity
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Historical data for feeding, growth and life history in Pieris rapae
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Local thermal environment and warming influence supercooling and drive widespread shifts in the metabolome of diapausing Pieris rapae butterflies
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Reprotoxic effects of the systemic insecticide fipronil on the butterfly Pieris brassicae
<p></p><p> In addition to controlling pest organisms, the systemic neurotoxic pesticide fipronil can also have adverse effects on beneficial insects and other non-target organisms. Here, we report on the sublethal effects of fipronil on the farmland butterfly Pieris brassicae . Caterpillars were reared on plants that had been grown from seeds coated with fipronil or on leaf discs topically treated with a range of fipronil dosages (1–32 µg kg <sup>−1</sup> on dry mass basis). Females that had developed on fipronil plants laid ca half the number of eggs than females that had developed on control plants. In the bioassay with leaf discs, longevity and lifetime egg production declined with increasing fipronil dosage. Remarkably, exposure to fipronil during larval development primarily affected the adult stage. Chemical analyses of leaf tissues collected from seed-treated plants revealed concentrations of fipronil and its degradation products close to the analytical limit of detection (less than or equal to 1 µg kg <sup>−1</sup> ). The effective dosage was fivefold higher in the leaf-disc than in the whole-plant experiment. In the whole plant, degradation of fipronil to products that are more toxic than fipronil may explain this discrepancy. Neurotoxicity of insecticides at the level of detection decreases the probability of pinpointing insecticides as the causal agent of harmful effects on non-target organisms. </p><p></p>
Data from: Morphological clines and weak drift along an urbanization gradient in the butterfly, Pieris rapae
Urban areas are increasing globally, providing opportunities for biodiversity researchers to study the process in which species become established in novel, highly disturbed habitats. This ecological process can be understood through analyses of morphological and genetic variation, which can shed light on patterns of neutral and adaptive evolution. Previous studies have shown that urban populations often diverge genetically from non-urban source populations. This could occur due to neutral genetic drift, but an alternative is that selection could lead to allele frequency changes in urban populations. The development of genome scan methods provides an opportunity to investigate these outcomes from samples of genetic variation taken along an urbanization gradient. Here we examine morphological variation in wing size and diversity at neutral amplified fragment length polymorphisms in the butterfly Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) sampled from the center to the periphery of Marseille. We utilize established and novel environmental correlation approaches to scan genetic variation for evidence of selection. We find significant morphological differences in urban populations, as well as weak genetic structure and decreased genetic diversity in urban versus non-urban sites. However, environmental correlation tests provide little support for selection in our dataset. Our comparison of different methods and allele frequency clines suggests that loci identified as significant are false positives. Although there is some indication that selection may be acting on wing size in urban butterflies, genetic analyses suggest P. rapae are undergoing neutral drift.
Data from: Metabolome dynamics of diapause in the butterfly Pieris napi: distinguishing maintenance, termination and post-diapause phases
Diapause is a deep resting stage facilitating temporal avoidance of unfavourable environmental conditions that is used by many insects to adapt their life cycle to seasonal variation. Although considerable work has been invested in trying to understand each of the major diapause stages (induction, maintenance and termination), we know very little about the transitions between stages, especially diapause termination. Understanding diapause termination is critical for modelling and predicting spring emergence and winter physiology of insects, including many pest insects. In order to gain these insights we investigated metabolome dynamics across diapause development in pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi, which exhibits adaptive latitudinal variation in the length of endogenous diapause that is uniquely well characterized. By employing a time-series experiment we show that the whole-body metabolome is highly dynamic throughout diapause and differs between pupae kept at a diapause-terminating (low), or at a diapause-maintaining (high) temperature. We show major physiological transitions through diapause, separated temperature-dependent from temperature-independent processes and identified significant patterns of metabolite accumulation and degradation. Together the data show that while the general diapause phenotype (suppressed metabolism, increased cold tolerance) is established in a temperature-independent fashion, diapause termination is temperature-dependent and requires a cold signal. This revealed several metabolites that are only accumulated in diapause terminating conditions and degraded in a temperature-unrelated fashion during diapause termination. In conclusion, our findings indicate that some metabolites, in addition to functioning as e.g. cryoprotectants, are candidates for having regulatory roles as metabolic clocks or time-keepers during diapause.
Innate preference hierarchies coupled with adult experience, rather than larval imprinting or transgenerational acclimation, determine host plant use in Pieris rapae
The evolution of host range drives diversification in phytophagous insects, and understanding the female oviposition choices is pivotal for understanding host specialization. One controversial mechanism for female host choice is Hopkins' host selection principle, where females are predicted to increase their preference for the host species they were feeding upon as larvae. A recent hypothesis posits that such larval imprinting is especially adaptive in combination with anticipatory transgenerational acclimation, so that females both allocate and adapt their offspring to their future host. We study the butterfly <i>Pieris rapae</i>, for which previous evidence suggests that females prefer to oviposit on host individuals of similar nitrogen content as the plant they were feeding upon as larvae, and where the offspring show higher performance on the mother's host type. We test the hypothesis that larval experience and anticipatory transgenerational effects influence female host plant acceptance (no-choice) and preference (choice) of two host plant species (<i>Barbarea vulgaris</i> and <i>Berteroa incana</i>) of varying nitrogen content. We then test the offspring performance on these hosts. We found no evidence of larval imprinting affecting female decision-making during oviposition, but that an adult female experience of egg laying in no-choice trials on the less-preferred host <i>Be. incana</i> slightly increased the <i>P. rapae</i> propensity to oviposit on <i>Be. incana</i> in subsequent choice trials. We found no transgenerational effects on female host acceptance or preference, but negative transgenerational effects on larval performance, because the offspring of <i>P. rapae</i> females that had developed on<i> Be. incana</i> as larvae grew slower on both hosts, and especially on <i>Be. incana</i>. Our results suggest that among host-species preferences are guided by hard-wired preference hierarchies linked to species-specific host traits and less affected by larval experience or transgenerational effects, which may be more important for females evaluating different host individuals of the same species.
Fig. 13 in Notas sobre la biología, ecología y distribución de Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en la Cordillera Cantábrica, provincia de León (noroeste de España).
Fig. 13.- Imago de P. ergane de la generación veraniega, Piedrasecha, 8 de julio de 2017. Fig. 14.- Huevos de A. cardamines sobre los peciolos de las flores de A. saxatile, La Valcueva, 22 de abril de 2017. Fig. 15.- Rhynocoris erythropus depredando sobre oruga de P. ergane, Focea Oscura, 29 de julio de 2017. Fig. 16.- Oruga momificada debido al parasitoide Hyposoter ebeninus, Viñayo, 27 de agosto de 2016.
Fig. 9 in Notas sobre la biología, ecología y distribución de Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en la Cordillera Cantábrica, provincia de León (noroeste de España).
Fig. 9.- Oruga en estadio L3, comiendo los restos de muda, Viñayo, 3 de septiembre de 2016. Fig. 10.- Oruga (ex ovo) en estadio L4, 1 de agosto de 2016. Fig. 11.- Oruga en estadio L5, se aprecia la coloración azulada característica, Viñayo, 24 de septiembre de 2016. Fig. 12.- Crisálida de P. ergane, sobre un tallo de A. saxatile a los pies de una roca, se aprecian el rostro y la coloración de las crestas, Alto Tajo (Guadalajara), 10 de junio de 2019.
Mapa 1 in Notas sobre la biología, ecología y distribución de Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en la Cordillera Cantábrica, provincia de León (noroeste de España).
Mapa 1.– Distribución de P. ergane en la Cordillera Cantábrica, provincia de León. · Cita bibliográfica. · Cita nueva para este trabajo.
Fig. 5 in Notas sobre la biología, ecología y distribución de Pieris ergane (Geyer, 1828) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) en la Cordillera Cantábrica, provincia de León (noroeste de España).
Fig. 5.- Crisálida de P. ergane sobre A. saxatile en repisa, se aprecian los tallos sin hojas en los que se ha alimentado la oruga, Olleros de Alba, 3 de junio de 2017. Fig. 6.- Huevo de P. ergane en el envés de A. saxatile, Piedrasecha, 17 de junio de 2017. Fig. 7.- Oruga de P. ergane en estadio L1 recién emergida, comiendo el corion, Viñayo, 5 de agosto de 2017. Fig. 8.- Oruga (ex ovo) de P. ergane en estadio L2, 26 de julio de 2016.
FIGURES 84–85 in A new species of the genus Pieris Schrank, 1801 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) with taxonomic notes on the Pieris napi group from India
FIGURES 84–85. Female genitalia of Pieris napi-group from Indian Himalaya; a. whole genitalia, b. ventral view, c. dorsal view, d. inner genital plate in lateral view, e. signum. 84. Pieris ajaka Moore, Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand (gen. aest.) (28716/H9); 85. Pieris melaina Röber, Sikhim [Sikkim] (gen. aest.). Scale bar: a. 1 mm; b, c & e. 500 µm; d. 200 µm.
FIGURES 65–73 in A new species of the genus Pieris Schrank, 1801 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) with taxonomic notes on the Pieris napi group from India
FIGURES 65–73: Phallus of Pieris napi-group from Indian Himalaya in lateral view. 65. Pieris tadokoroi, sp. nov. GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28709/H9); 66–67. ditto, GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28706/H9, 28707/H9); 68. Pieris ajaka Moore, Askot, Uttarakhand (gen. aest.) (28715/H9); 69. Pieris melaina Röber, Sikhim [Sikkim] (gen. aest.); 70. Pieris erutae erutae Poujade, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. aest.) (28720/H9); 71. ditto, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28721/H9); 72. ditto, Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. aest.) (28717/H9); 73. Pieris extensa bhutya Talbot, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28725/H9). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURES 58–64 in A new species of the genus Pieris Schrank, 1801 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) with taxonomic notes on the Pieris napi group from India
FIGURES 58–64. Juxta of Pieris napi-group from Indian Himalaya; dorsal view above, lateral view below. 58. Pieris tadokoroi, sp. nov. GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28707/H9); 59. ditto, GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28706/H9); 60. Pieris ajaka Moore, Askot, Uttarakhand (gen. aest.) (28715/H9); 61. Pieris melaina Röber, Sikhim [Sikkim] (gen. aest.); 62. Pieris erutae erutae Poujade, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. aest.) (28720/H9); 63. ditto, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28721/H9); 64. Pieris extensa bhutya Talbot, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28723/H9). Scale bar: 200 µm.
FIGURES 31–39 in A new species of the genus Pieris Schrank, 1801 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) with taxonomic notes on the Pieris napi group from India
FIGURES 31–39. Male genitalia of Pieris napi-group from Indian Himalaya in lateral view. 31. Pieris tadokoroi, sp. nov. GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28709/H9); 32–33. ditto, GHNP, Himachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28706/H9, 28707/H9); 34. Pieris ajaka Moore, Askot, Uttarakhand (gen. aest.) (28715/H9); 35. Pieris melaina Röber, Sikhim [Sikkim] (gen. aest.); 36. Pieris erutae erutae Poujade, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. aest.) (28720/H9); 37. ditto, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28721/H9); 38. ditto, Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. aest.) (28717/H9); 39. Pieris extensa bhutya Talbot, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh (gen. vern.) (28725/H9). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURES 17–21 in A new species of the genus Pieris Schrank, 1801 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae) with taxonomic notes on the Pieris napi group from India
FIGURES 17–21. Head of Pieris napi-group from Indian Himalaya; lateral view above, front view below. 17. Pieris tadokoroi, sp. nov., GHNP, Himachal Pradesh; 18. Pieris ajaka Moore, Askot, Uttarakhand; 19. Pieris melaina Röber, Sikhim [Sikkim]; 20. Pieris erutae erutae Poujade, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh; 21. Pieris extensa bhutya Talbot, Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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