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50 results for “Pinus ponderosa”
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - female - mature open
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - female - mature open
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - bark - of a large tree
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - whole tree - view up trunk
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - whole tree - view up trunk
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - male
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - male
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - twig - after fallen needles
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - twig - after fallen needles
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - entire needle
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - entire needle
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - showing orientation on twig
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - unspecified
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - cone - unspecified
Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - entire needle
Image of Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica (Pinaceae) - leaf - entire needle
Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - cone - female - closed
Image of Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - cone - female - closed
Data from: Increases in understory plant cover and richness persist following restoration treatments in Pinus ponderosa forests
<p>A combination of forest thinning followed by prescribed burning is widely applied in the western US to increase ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances. Understory plant community responses may be driven both by management treatments and climatic factors. Thus, responses to treatments during a 20-year megadrought have implications for the role of management in fostering adaptive capacity to climate change.</p> <p>We used a network of five sites (600 plots) spanning an environmental gradient in ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) forests of the American Southwest, an ecosystem that is broadly distributed and actively managed throughout the western US. We used repeated long-term monitoring data to quantify plant community responses to treatment 1-5, 6-10, and >10 years post-implementation. Specifically, we focused on the effects of treatment and abiotic conditions on native and nonnative plant cover and species richness, and on the proportion of native species with northern (cool-mesic) biogeographic affinities.</p> <p>Overall, thinning and prescribed burning nearly doubled native cover and increased native species richness by about 50% relative to untreated controls. These effects persisted for over a decade after treatment, even under the influence of significant and persistent drought. Cover and richness were also greater on intermediate to wet sites. Finally, native species with northern biogeographic affinities were reduced for up to five years after treatment relative to those with southern (warm-xeric) affinities, and in dry years, indicating that both management and interannual climate variability may foster shifts in plant communities that are more resilient to a warming climate.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: In ponderosa pine forests of the American Southwest, tree thinning followed by prescribed burning will generally promote restoration goals of increasing resilience to climate change by enhancing the diversity and abundance of native understory plant species, even during a persistent 20-year megadrought.</p>
Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Image of Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Image of Pinus ponderosa (Pinaceae) - whole tree - general
Data from: Increases in understory plant cover and richness persist following restoration treatments in Pinus ponderosa forests
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Data from: Intraspecific niche models for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) suggest potential variability in population-level response to climate change.
Unique responses to climate change can occur across intraspecific levels, resulting in individualistic adaptation or movement patterns among populations within a given species. Thus, the need to model potential responses among genetically distinct populations within a species is increasingly recognized. However, predictive models of future distributions are regularly fit at the species level, often because intraspecific variation is unknown or is identified only within limited sample locations. In this study, we considered the role of intraspecific variation to shape the geographic distribution of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), an ecologically and economically important tree species in North America. Morphological and genetic variation across the distribution of ponderosa pine suggest the need to model intraspecific populations: the two varieties (var. ponderosa and var. scopulorum) and several haplotype groups within each variety have been shown to occupy unique climatic niches, suggesting populations have distinct evolutionary lineages adapted to different environmental conditions. We utilized a recently-available, geographically-widespread dataset of intraspecific variation (haplotypes) for ponderosa pine and a recently-devised lineage distance modeling approach to derive additional, likely intraspecific occurrence locations. We confirmed the relative uniqueness of each haplotype-climate relationship using a niche-overlap analysis, and developed ecological niche models (ENMs) to project the distribution for two varieties and eight haplotypes under future climate forecasts. Future projections of haplotype niche distributions generally revealed greater potential range loss than predicted for the varieties. This difference may reflect intraspecific responses of distinct evolutionary lineages. However, directional trends are generally consistent across intraspecific levels, and include a loss of distributional area and an upward shift in elevation. Our results demonstrate the utility in modeling intraspecific response to changing climate and they inform management and conservation strategies, by identifying haplotypes and geographic areas that may be most at risk, or most secure, under projected climate change.
Data from: Pinus ponderosa alters nitrogen dynamics and diminishes the climate footprint in natural ecosystems of Patagonia
1. Evaluating climate effects on plant-soil interactions in terrestrial ecosystems remains challenging due to the fact that floristic composition co-varies with climate, particularly along rainfall gradients. It is difficult to separate effects of precipitation per se from those mediated indirectly through changes in species composition. As such, afforestation (the intentional planting of woody species) in terrestrial ecosystems provides an ecological opportunity to assess the relative importance of climate and vegetation controls on ecosystem processes. 2. We investigated the impacts of 35 years of afforestation on ecosystem N dynamics, in ecosystems ranging from arid shrub-steppe to closed-canopy forest in Patagonia, Argentina. Site of natural vegetation and adjacent sites planted with a single exotic species, Pinus ponderosa, were identified in five precipitation regimes along a continuous gradient of 250 to 2200 mm mean annual precipitation (MAP). We evaluated C and N parameters of vegetation and soil, as well as natural abundance of 13C and 15N, in leaves, roots, ectomycorrhizae (EcM), and soils. 3. In natural vegetation, most leaf traits (%N, C:N ratios, leaf mass per area, δ15N values) demonstrated strong significant relationships with MAP, while these relationships were nearly absent in afforested sites. In addition, the EcM of native southern beech and pine trees were significantly enriched in 15N relative to leaves at all sites where they were present. While soil C and N pools in both vegetation types increased with MAP, overall pool sizes were significantly reduced in afforested sites. 4. Synthesis Observed relationships between leaf traits and precipitation in natural vegetation may be driven largely by shifts in species composition and plant-soil interactions, rather than direct effects of precipitation. Our results suggest that a change in species composition of the dominant vegetation is sufficient to alter C and N cycling independently of climate constraints: pine afforestation homogenized N dynamics across sites spanning an order of magnitude of MAP. These results highlight the important control of ectomycorrhizal associations in affecting C and N dynamics. Additionally, it serves to demonstrate that altering natural species composition alone is sufficient to cause large, detectable impacts on N turnover independently of direct climate effects.
Phylogenomics in the hard pines (Pinus subsection Ponderosae; Pinaceae) confirms paraphyly in Pinus ponderosa, and places Pinus jeffreyi with the California big cone pines
<p>We sampled 130 individuals (2 to 25 per taxon) of subsections Ponderosae and Sabinianae. Nucleotide sequences were obtained by targeting 703 low copy nuclear genes. From the unenriched portion of the short reads, we assembled nearly complete plastome nucleotide sequences. We used 600 nuclear genes and the plastome sequences to create phylogenies and species trees that we compared to evaluate cytonuclear concordance and reticulation. We found that Pinus jeffreyi belongs with subsect. Sabinianae based on morphological synapomorphies as well as strong molecular phylogenetic support. Pinus ponderosa sensu lato is paraphyletic, and we suggest treatment as threes species: P. ponderosa sensu stricto (with var. ponderosa, var. benthamiana, and var. washoensis), P. scopulorum, and P. brachyptera. The persistence of lineages with the footprints of ancient nuclear introgression (labeled bpw in clade N4) and chloroplast capture (labeled bpw in clade P1) should caution species identification in the Ponderosae based on limited molecular data. The hybrid frequency was low based on cytonuclear discordance, and the persistence of an ancient P1 plastid clade is a better explanation than hybridization between P. ponderosa and P. jeffreyi for unexpected plastid associations in the western Sierra Nevada, USA. We identified a new potential zone of ancient admixture between P. ponderosa and P. scopulorum in Idaho, USA. Some populations of P. arizonica, P. brachyptera, P. engelmannii, and P. scopulorum in the USA are more closely related to taxa with distributions limited to Mexico than they are to each other. To integrate phylogeny and taxonomy, future work should sample widely in Mexico and the USA, score morphological characters (including seedling characters from the known seed parent), on the same individual as used for molecular data, and use methods that are based on individuals rather than population frequencies.</p>
Fig. 4 in Detailed characterization of Pinus ponderosa sporopollenin by infrared spectroscopy
Fig. 4. ATR-FTIR spectra of (i) P. ponderosa pollen, (ii) enzymatically-isolated sporopollenin, (iii) sporopollenin isolated by acidolysis with phosphoric acid, and (iv) sporopollenin isolated by acetolysis. Original data files are deposited with the accompanying Data in Brief article (Lutzke et al., 2019).
Fig. 6 in Detailed characterization of Pinus ponderosa sporopollenin by infrared spectroscopy
Fig. 6. ATR-FTIR spectra of (i) enzymatically-isolated sporopollenin, (ii) trans- 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, (iii) trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, (iv) trans-4-methoxycinnamic acid, and (v) methyl trans-4-hydroxycinnamate. Original data files are deposited with the accompanying Data in Brief article (Lutzke et al., 2019).
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