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46 results for “Plutella xylostella”
Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation
<p><span class="fontstyle01"><span><b>BACKGROUND</b></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><b>:</b></span></span></p> <p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>The diamondback moth (DBM),</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i> Plutella xylostella</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae),</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i> </i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>is a notorious pest of cruciferous plants. In temperate areas, annual populations of DBM originate from adult migrants. However, the source populations and migration trajectories of immigrants remain unclear. Here, we investigated migration trajectories of DBM in China with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped using double-digest RAD (ddRAD) sequencing. We first analyzed patterns of spatial and temporal genetic structure among southern source and northern recipient populations, then inferred migration trajectories into northern regions using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), assignment tests and spatial kinship patterns.</span></span></p> <p><span class="fontstyle01"><span><b>RESULTS:</b></span></span></p> <p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>Temporal</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><b> </b></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating sources of </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>recipient </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>populations and migration trajectories are stable.</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> Spatial genetic structure indicated three genetic clusters in the southern source populations. Assignment tests linked northern populations to the Sichuan cluster, and central-eastern populations to the South and Yunnan clusters, indicating that Sichuan populations are sources of northern immigrants and South and Yunnan populations are sources of central-eastern populations. First-order (full-sib) and second-order (half-sib) kin pairs were always found within populations, but about 35-40% of third-order (cousin) pairs were found in different populations. Closely related individuals in different populations were in about 35-40% of cases found at distances of 900 to 1500 km, while some were separated by over 2000 km.</span></span></p> <p><span class="fontstyle01"><span><b>CONCLUSION:</b></span></span></p> <p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>This study unravels seasonal migration patterns in the DBM. We demonstrate how careful sampling and population genomic analyses can be combined to help understand cryptic migration patterns in insects.</span></span></p>
Response of Plutella xylostella to the sublethal exposure of fluxametamide under laboratory conditions
<p>Data set generated during the laboratory experiments on toxicity of fluxametamide against diamondback moth <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, and its sublethal effects on life table parameters of this pest. Fluxametamide exhibited an exceptional insecticidal activities against the larval stages of <em>Plutella xylostella</em>. This is a raw data set with the replication for each treatments. </p>
Oviposition preference and performance of Plutella xylostella are modulated by natural enemies, larval odours and immune status
<p>Insect herbivores frequently must balance host plant quality and the risk of attack by their natural enemies when making oviposition decisions. Yet, which factor is more important remains unresolved in plant-insect ecology. Here, we report the oviposition preference and larval performance of the brassicaceous specialist <em>Plutella xylostella</em>, in the context of plant quality (cabbage <em>Brassica oleracea</em>, vs. mustard <em>B. juncea</em>) and associated natural enemies. <a name="_Hlk95552650"></a>Despite the greater larval weight and adult life-span on cabbage, ovipositing females strongly preferred mustard. Both the egg parasitoid <em>Trichogrammatoidea bactrae</em> and the larval ectoparasitoid <em>Bracon brevicornis</em> are more likely to attack <em>P. xylostella</em> that feed on cabbage; thus, mustard represents enemy-reduced space from these two parasitoids. However, larval diet had no impact on the parasitization rate of specialist <em>Cotesia vestalis</em>. Feeding on mustard improved larval immunity. The total hemocytes number, diversity and phenoloxidase activity was higher on mustard-fed larvae that increased their survival against the entomopathogen, <em>Bacillus thuringiensis. </em>Interestingly, host plants altered the larval body odour profile. Mustard fed larvae emitted allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and butyl isothiocyanate (BITC) while cabbage fed larvae emitted dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) that served as short-range cues for larval parasitoids. For <em>B. brevicornis</em>, host body odour guided oviposition choice was crucial as their fitness was affected by the host larval diet. Although, <em>C. vestalis</em> showed a clear preference towards volatiles emitted by mustard fed larvae, their fitness was unaltered. Taken together, our results illustrate that <em>P. xylostella</em> prefers to lay eggs on mustard plants providing enemy-reduced space from some, but not all, natural enemies.</p>
Fig. 1 in Monitoring field populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) for resistance to eight insecticides in China
Fig. 1. Sampling sites of Plutella xylostella field populations in seven provinces of China.
Fig. 1 in Chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia (Asteraceae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Fig. 1. Repellent activity of Artemisia lavandulaefolia essential oil to Plutella xylostella.
Within‐plant variation in chemical defence of Erysimum cheiranthoides does not explain Plutella xylostella feeding preference
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Migration trajectories of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in China inferred from population genomic variation
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Oviposition preference and performance of Plutella xylostella are modulated by natural enemies, larval odours and immune status
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Data from: Evolutionary constraints in host shifts: limited adaptation of <em>Plutella xylostella</em> to cardenolide-defended <em>Erysimum cheiranthoides</em>
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No obvious relationship exists between the three kinds of AMPs and the resistance of Plutella xylostella larvae to Cry1Ac toxin.
<p>The leaf-dip method was used to test the resistance of <em>P. xylostella</em> larvae (DBM-F) to Cry1Ac toxin. Fifteen third-instar larvae were tested for each of four toxin concentrations, and the bioassays were replicated four times. Experiments in which control mortality exceeded 10% were repeated. The LC<sub>50</sub> values were calculated by Probit analysis. The AMPs or Cry1Ac toxin was fed to <em>P. xylostella</em> by the leaf-dip method: <em>Px</em>Def, <em>Px</em>Mor and <em>Px</em>Cec (5000 μg/mL) were fed to 3rd instar larvae separately, and their respective biological effects on <em>P. xylostella</em>, and the different proteins mentioned above (5000 μg/mL) were mixed with Cry1Ac toxin (5 μg/mL) and then fed to 3rd instar larvae to observe their respective effects on the virulence of Cry1Ac toxin. There were 3 replicates in each of the above treatments, with 15 third-instar larvae in each replicate. Biological data, including mortality (72 h), 4th instar, pupation rate, pupal weight, pupal length, pupal width, pupal stage, emergence rate, hatchability and adult longevity, were recorded for each treatment.</p>
SSR data of Plutella xylostella samples collected from Southern China and Southeast Asia
<p>Genetic makeup of insect pest is informative for source-sink dynamics, spreading of resistant genes, and effective management. However, collecting samples from geographical populations without considering temporal resolution and calculating parameters related to historical gene flow may not capture contemporary genetic pattern and metapopulation dynamics of highly dispersive pests. <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (L.), the most widely distributed Lepidopteran pest that developed resistance to almost all current insecticides, migrates heterogeneously across space and time. To investigate its real-time genetic pattern and dynamics, we executed four samplings over two consecutive years across Southern China and Southeast Asia, and constructed population network based on contemporary gene flow. Across 48 populations, genetic structure analysis identified two differentiated insect swarms, of which the one with higher genetic variation was replaced by the other over time. We further inferred gene flow by estimation of kinship relationship and constructed migration network in each sampling time. Interestingly, we found mean migration distance at around 1000 km. Such distance might have contributed to the formation of step-stone migration and migration circuit over large geographical scale. Probing network clustering across sampling times, we found a dynamic metapopulation of <em>P. xylostella</em> with more active migration in spring than in winter, and identified some regions are consistent sources (e.g., Yunnan in China, Myanmar and Vietnam) while several others are persistent sinks (e.g., Guangdong and Fujian in China) in its overwintering regions. Rapid turnover of insect swarms and highly dynamic metapopulation highlight the importance of temporal sampling and network analysis in investigation of source-sink relationships and thus effective pest management.</p>
SSR data of Plutella xylostella samples collected from Southern China and Southeast Asia
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Data from: Temperature-sensitive fitness cost of insecticide resistance in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
Alleles conferring a higher adaptive value in one environment may have a detrimental impact on fitness in another environment. Alleles conferring resistance to pesticides and drugs provide textbook examples of this trade-off as, in addition to conferring resistance to these molecules, they frequently decrease fitness in pesticide/drug-free environments. We show here that resistance to chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate (OP), in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is conferred by two mutations of ace1 – the gene encoding the acetylcholinesterase enzyme targeted by OPs – affecting the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein. These mutations were always linked, consistent with the segregation of a single resistance allele, ace1R, carrying both mutations, in the populations studied. We monitored the frequency of ace1R (by genotyping more than 20 000 adults) and the level of resistance (through bioassays on more than 50 000 individuals) over several generations. We found that the ace1R resistance allele was costly in the absence of insecticide and that this cost was likely recessive. This fitness costs involved a decrease in fecundity: females from resistant strains laid 20% fewer eggs, on average, than females from susceptible strains. Finally, we found that the fitness costs associated with the ace1R allele were greater at high temperatures. At least two life history traits were involved: longevity and fecundity. The relative longevity of resistant individuals was affected only at high temperatures and the relative fecundity of resistant females – which was already affected at temperatures optimal for development – decreased further at high temperatures. The implications of these findings for resistance management are discussed.
The battle between gut bacteria, immune system and Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella.
<p><span>Research into the interaction between </span><em><span>Bacillus thuringiensis</span></em> <span>(Bt) and pest has primarily focused on the Cry toxin receptor, relatively less attention has been paid towards the role of the gut bacteria, particularly the mechanism on how insect gut bacteria affect its sensitivity to Bt. Addressing this gap could provide valuable insights for pest control strategies. This study analyzed the variances of gut microbiota between Cry1Ac-resistant and sensitive strains of </span><em><span>Plutella xylostella</span></em><span>, as well as field populations. From their gut microbiota, one strain (</span><em><span>Enterobacter asburiae</span></em><span>, PxG1) that significantly increased and another strain (</span><em><span>Enterobacter hormaechei</span></em><span>, PxG15) that significantly decreased the Cry1Ac susceptibility of </span><em><span>P. xylostella</span></em> <span>were isolated and cultured. PxG15 degraded Cry1Ac protoxin and activated the proPO-AS and JNK pathway, which reduced Cry1Ac</span><span>’</span><span>s damage to the midgut while limiting the invasion of gut bacteria into the hemolymph. Although PxG1 rapidly activated the proPO-AS, the JNK pathway was activated in a much slower and weaker mode when compared to PxG15, which attenuated the repairing efficiency of midgut under the treatment of Cry1Ac, leading to death resulted from sepsis from the quick invasion of gut bacteria into the hemolymph. This study illustrates the intricate interrelationships among Cry1Ac toxins, the pest's midgut bacteria, and its immune system. Different midgut bacteria exhibited distinct interactions with the Cry1Ac toxin and the immune system, resulting in opposing effects on the virulence of Cry1Ac on pests. These findings provide new insights into the role of gut bacteria in influencing the survival of Lepidoptera pest after exposure to Cry1Ac.</span></p>
Figure 4 in Parasitism rate of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae in greenhouse by Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females at different densities
Figure 4. Sex ratio (number of females/(number of females + number of males)) of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with different numbers of females per pupa of Plutella xylostella.
Figure 1 in Parasitism rate of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae in greenhouse by Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females at different densities
Figure 1. Parasitism percentage of fourth instar Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) caterpillars by Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females at different densities in semi-field conditions.
Fig. 1 in Biotic factors are more important than abiotic factors in regulating the abundance of Plutella xylostella L., in Southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Climatic variables recorded during field surveys in the county of Colombo, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Climate data shown are: rainfall (column), mean temperature (solid line), minimum temperature (dashed line) and maximum temperature (dotted line).
Data from: Temperature-sensitive fitness cost of insecticide resistance in Chinese populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella
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Overexpression of Brassica napus COMT1 in Arabidopsis heightens UV-B-mediated resistance to Plutella xylostella herbivory
GEO Series GSE239314. Brassica napus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptome sequencing Analysis of Plutella xylostella (P. xylostella) after DMNT treatment.
GEO Series GSE161576. Plutella xylostella. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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