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80 results for “Prey capture”
Fig. 2 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 2 Frame shots showing the four feeding modes in the smooth newt. In the aquatic stage: a suction feeding under water and b jaw prehension on land. In the terrestrial stage: c suction feeding under water and d tongue prehension on land. The prey (maggot) is indicated by the arrow.
Fig. 1 Landmarks used for the kinematic analyses. 1 upper jaw tip, 2 lower jaw tip, 3 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 1 Landmarks used for the kinematic analyses. 1 upper jaw tip, 2 lower jaw tip, 3 hyoid (throat), 4 jaw joint, 5 nape, 6 dorsal trunk reference, 7 tongue tip (only digitized when visible)
Fig. 4 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 4 Scatter plot of the first two principal components. Principal component 1 (PC1) and principal component 2 (PC2) are derived from the 12 kinematic variables to illustrate the relationship among kinematic patterns for the four feeding modes coded by symbols and the ten individuals coded by color. Each data point represents one feeding event, and the ellipses indicate 95 % confidence interval in the four feeding modes. P@1 explains 57 % and P@2 explains 15.5 % of the total variance. See Table 3 for complete loadings of each principal component
Fig. 3 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 3 Kinematic profiles of the four feeding modes. Kinematic means (dark and bold curves)±SD (pale and slim curves) of gape (blue), hyoid (Vreen), head rotation (oranVe), and tongue movement (Vray, only shown
Figure 1 in Prey capture behavior in Heterometrus petersii (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae)
Figure 1: A flow chart modified from Bub & Bowerman (1979), Rein (2003), and Stewart (2006) showing prey capture behavior of Heterometrus petersii. The phases of Travel, Inactive, Cheliceral Activity, Manipulation and Cleaning show no particular temporal order, and are united in a frame.
Figure 3 in Prey capture behavior in the East African scorpions Parabuthus leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) and P. pallidus Pocock, 1895 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 3: Ethogram showing the behavioral components in prey capture in Parabuthus leiosoma and P. pallidus. The behavioral components are defined in the text. Arrows indicate the direction of the prey capture sequence. The framing of the behavioral components inactive, manipulation, cheliceral activity, cleaning and travel refers to any of these behaviors observed either prior to, or after any of the others.
Fig. 6 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 6 First (a) and second (b) phase of the tongue prehension mode shown in Fig. 4a. The time axes are normalized to percentages of corresponding phase duration. Both phases can, therefore, be directly compared to the kinematic profiles shown in Fig. 4. Note the striking similarities of movement patterns of the second phase (b) and the aquatic feeding patterns shown in Fig. 4a, b, c
Fig. 5 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 5 Significant correlation plots of kinematic variables. The feeding modes are color*coded: blue (a, b) suction feeding in the aquatic stage, liVWt brown (c, d), jaw prehension in the aquatic stage, and Vreen (e–l)
Data from: Tall, heterogenous forests improve prey capture, delivery to nestlings, and reproductive success for Spotted Owls in southern California
<p>Predator-prey interactions can be profoundly influenced by vegetation conditions, particularly when predator and prey prefer different habitats. Although such interactions have proven challenging to study for small and cryptic predators, recent methodological advances substantially improve opportunities for understanding how vegetation influences prey acquisition and strengthen conservation planning for this group. The California Spotted Owl (<em>Strix</em> <em>occidentalis</em> <em>occidentalis</em>) is well-known as an old-forest species of conservation concern, but whose primary prey in many regions – woodrats (<em>Neotoma</em> spp.) – occurs in a broad range of vegetation conditions. Here, we used high-resolution GPS tracking coupled with nest video monitoring to test the hypothesis that prey capture rates vary as a function of vegetation structure and heterogeneity, with emergent, reproductive consequences for Spotted Owls in Southern California. Foraging owls were more successful capturing prey, including woodrats, in taller multilayered forests, in areas with higher heterogeneity in vegetation types, and near forest-chaparral edges. Consistent with these findings, Spotted Owls delivered prey items more frequently to nests in territories with greater heterogeneity in vegetation types and delivered prey biomass at a higher rate in territories with more forest-chaparral edge. Spotted Owls had higher reproductive success in territories with higher mean canopy cover, taller trees, and more shrubby vegetation. Collectively, our results provide additional and compelling evidence that a mosaic of large tree forests with complex canopy and shrubby vegetation increases access to prey with potential reproductive benefits to Spotted Owls in landscapes where woodrats are a primary prey item. We suggest that forest management activities that enhance forest structure and vegetation heterogeneity could help curb declining Spotted Owl populations while promoting resilient ecosystems in some regions.</p>
Extremely low seasonal prey capture efficiency in a deep-diving whale, the narwhal
<p><span>Successful foraging is essential for individuals to maintain the positive energy balance required for survival and reproduction. Yet, prey capture efficiency is poorly documented in marine apex predators, especially deep-diving mammals. We deployed acoustic tags and stomach temperature pills in summer to collect concurrent information on presumed foraging activity (through buzz detection) and successful prey captures (through drops in stomach temperature), providing estimates of feeding efficiency in narwhals. Compared to the daily number of buzzes (706.9 </span><span>± </span><span>368), the daily rate of feeding events was particularly low in summer (19.8 </span><span>± </span><span>8.9), and only 8–14% of the foraging dives were successful (i.e., with a detectable prey capture). This extremely low success rate resulted in a very low daily food consumption rate (< 0.5% of body mass), suggesting that narwhals rely on body reserves accumulated in winter to sustain year-round activities. </span><span>The expected changes or disappearance of their wintering habitats in response to climate change may therefore have severe fitness consequences for narwhal populations.</span></p>
Extremely low seasonal prey capture efficiency in a deep-diving whale, the narwhal
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Data from: Spider venom potency exhibits phylogenetic prey-specificity but does not trade-off with body size or silk use in prey capture
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Data from: Tall, heterogenous forests improve prey capture, delivery to nestlings, and reproductive success for Spotted Owls in southern California
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Negative effect of turbidity on prey capture for both visual and non-visual aquatic predators
<p>1. Turbidity plays an important role in aquatic predator-prey interactions. Increases in turbidity are expected to reduce prey capture rates, especially for visually oriented predators. However, there is also evidence indicating that turbidity may have little or no effect on predation rates. 2. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between turbidity and capture rate. We explored possible sources of heterogeneity in the effect sizes (capture strategy, predator's body size, relative eye size and turbidity range in the experiments) while controlling for the dependence among effects sizes and phylogenetic relationships among predator species. 3. We found a consistent negative effect of turbidity on prey capture and that turbidity range (manipulated in the experiments) was the main factor accounting for between-study variation in effect sizes. Also, capture rates of both visually and non-visually oriented predators decreased with an increase in turbidity. In addition, for visually oriented fish predators, the relative eye size did not influence the effect sizes. 4. Despite the paucity of studies for some groups of aquatic predators (mainly in tropical regions), we provide corroborative evidence that turbidity is a critical environmental factor controlling predator-prey interactions. This result is especially relevant considering that changes in turbidity is a human-induced pervasive environmental alteration resulted from, among other mechanisms, runoff after deforestation, eutrophication or oligotrophication in reservoir cascades, which imply changes in predator-prey interactions.</p>
Data from: Conspicuous stripes on prey capture attention and reduce attacks by foraging jumping spiders
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Many animals avoid predation using aposematic displays that pair toxic/dangerous defenses with conspicuous achromatic warning patterns, such as high-contrast stripes. To understand how these prey defenses work, we need to understand the decision-making of visual predators. Here we gave two species of jumping spiders (</span><em>Phidippus regius</em><span><em><span> </span></em>and </span><em>Habronattus trimaculatus</em><span>) choice tests using live termites that had their back patterns manipulated using paper capes (solid white, solid black, striped). For </span><em>P. regius</em><span><em><span>,</span></em> black and striped termites were quicker to capture attention. Yet despite this increased attention, striped termites were attacked at lower rates than either white or black. This suggests that the termite's contrast with the background elicits attention, but the internal striped body patterning reduces attacks. Results from tests with </span><em>H. trimaculatus</em><span> were qualitatively similar but did not meet the threshold for statistical significance. Additional exploratory analyses suggest th</span>at attention to and aversion to stripes is at least partially innate and provide further insight into how decision-making played out during trials. Because of their rich diversity (over 6500 species) that includes variation in natural history, toxin susceptibility, degree of color vision, and dietary specialization, jumping spiders are well-suited to test broad generalizations about how and why aposematic displays work. </p>
Fig. 5 in Comparative Biology Of Cave-Dwelling Spitting Spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental Care, Cooperative Prey-Capture, Cannibalism, Natal Dispersal And Reproductive Behaviour
Fig. 5. Scytodes fusca female leaving her egg-sac aside to forage on the house fly.
Using UV stimuli to evoke prey capture strikes in head-fixed zebrafish larvae
<p>Hunting in larval zebrafish begins with eye convergence and orienting turns, proceeds to approach swims, and ends with the strike, where larvae consume the prey. Here, we describe a protocol to present UV stimuli to zebrafish, which greatly increases the occurrence of hunting initiation and strikes. We also describe how we record and analyze strike behavior in head-fixed larvae. Our goals are to increase the robustness of prey capture, and to allow other labs to implement strike behavioural essay</p>
PFOS negatively impacts prey capture in larval zebrafish
<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in many industrial and domestic applications. The wide range use of PFAS has resulted in unintentional human exposures and bioaccumulation in blood and other organs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is among the most prevalent PFAS in the environment and has been postulated to affect brain functions in exposed organisms. However, the impacts of PFOS on early neural development have not been well-described. Here, we used zebrafish larvae to assess the effects of PFOS on two fundamental complex behaviors, prey capture and learning. Zebrafish exposed to PFOS concentrations ranging from 2 – 20 µM for differing 48-hour periods were viable through early larval stages. In addition, PFOS uptake was unaffected by the presence of a chorion. We employed two different experimental paradigms; we first assessed the impacts of increasing organismal PFOS bioaccumulation on prey capture and learning, and second, we probed stage-specific sensitivity to PFOS by exposing zebrafish at different developmental stages (0-2 vs 3-5 days post fertilization). Following both assays we measured the amount of PFOS present in each larva. PFOS levels varied in larvae from different groups within each experimental paradigm. Significant negative correlations were observed between larval PFOS accumulation and the percentage of captured prey, while non-significant negative correlations were observed between PFOS accumulation and experienced-induced prey capture learning. These findings suggest that PFOS accumulation negatively affects larval zebrafish's ability to perform complicated multisensory behaviors and highlight potential risks of PFOS exposure to animals in the wild, with implications for human health.</p>
Data from: Large trees and forest heterogeneity facilitate prey capture by California spotted owls
<p>Predators are among the most threatened animal groups globally, with prey declines contributing to their endangerment. However, assessments of the habitat conditions that influence the successful capture of different prey species are rare, especially for small, cryptic predators. Accordingly, most predator conservation plans are based on the relative importance of habitats inferred from coarse-scale <a name="_Hlk99628060"></a>studies that do not consider habitat features contributing to hunting success, which can vary among prey species. To address this limitation, we integrated high-resolution GPS tracking and nest video monitoring to characterize habitat features at prey capture locations during the nestling provisioning stage for the Spotted Owl (<em>Strix occidentalis</em>) a small, cryptic predator that has been at the center of a decades-long forest management conflict in western North America. When all prey species were considered collectively, males provisioning nests tended to capture prey: (<em>i</em>) in areas with more large-tree forest, (<em>ii</em>) in areas with more medium trees/medium canopy forest, and (<em>iii</em>) at edges between conifer and hardwood forests. However, when we considered the owl's two key prey species separately, males captured woodrats (<em>Neotoma fuscipes</em>) and Humboldt flying squirrels (<em>Glaucomys oregonensis</em>) in areas with markedly different habitat features. Our study provides clarity for forest management in mixed-ownership landscapes because different prey species achieve high densities in different habitat types. Specifically, our results suggest that promoting large trees, increasing forest heterogeneity, and creating canopy gaps in forests with medium trees/high canopy cover could benefit Spotted Owls and their prey, which has the ancillary benefit of enhancing forest resilience. Combining high-resolution GPS tagging with video-based information on prey deliveries to breeding sites can strengthen conservation planning for small predators by more rigorously defining those habitat features that are associated with successful prey acquisition.</p>
Figure 1 in Prey capture behavior in the East African scorpions Parabuthus leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) and P. pallidus Pocock, 1895 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 1: Parabuthus leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) in the active position
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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