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47 results for “Purging”
Data from: Inbreeding depression and purging in a haplodiploid: gender-related effects
Compared with diploid species, haplodiploids suffer less inbreeding depression because male haploidy imposes purifying selection on recessive deleterious alleles. However, alleles of genes only expressed in the diploid females are protected in heterozygous individuals. This leads to the prediction that haplodiploids suffer more from inbreeding effects on life-history traits controlled by genes with female-limited expression. To test this, we used a wild population of the haplodiploid mite Tetranychus urticae. First, negative effects of inbreeding were investigated by comparing maturation rate, juvenile survival, oviposition rate and longevity between lines created by three generations of either outbreeding or mother–son inbreeding. Second, purging through inbreeding was investigated by comparing the intensity of inbreeding depression between outbred families with known inbreeding/outbreeding mating histories. Negative effects of inbreeding and evidence for purging were found for the female trait oviposition rate, but not for juvenile survival and longevity. Both male and female maturation rate were negatively affected by inbreeding, most likely due to maternal effects because inbred offspring of outbred mothers was not affected. These results support the hypothesis that, in haplodiploids inbreeding effects and genetic variation due to deleterious recessive alleles may depend on gender.
Data from: Environmental complexity and the purging of deleterious alleles
Sexual interactions among adults can generate selection on both males and females with genome-wide consequences. Sexual selection through males is one component of this selection that has been argued to play an important role in purging deleterious alleles. A common technique to assess the influence of sexual selection is by a comparison of experimental evolution under enforced monogamy vs. polygamy. Mixed results from past studies may be due to the use of highly simplified lab conditions that alter the nature of sexual interactions. Here we examine the rate of purging of 22 gene disruption mutations in experimental polygamous populations of Drosophila melanogaster in each of two mating environments: a simple, high density environment (i.e., typical fly vials) and a lower density, more spatially complex environment. Based on past work, we expect sexual interactions in the latter environment to result in stronger selection in both sexes. Consistent with this, we find that mutations tend to be purged more quickly in populations evolving in complex environments. We discuss possible mechanisms by which environmental complexity might modulate the rate at which deleterious alleles are purged and putatively ascribe a role for sexual interactions in explaining the treatment differences in our experiment.
Data from: Reduced mate availability leads to evolution of self-fertilization and purging of inbreeding depression in a hermaphrodite
Basic models of mating-system evolution predict that hermaphroditic organisms should mostly either cross-fertilize, or self-fertilize, due to self-reinforcing coevolution of inbreeding depression and outcrossing rates. However transitions between mating systems occur. A plausible scenario for such transitions assumes that a decrease in pollinator or mate availability temporarily constrains outcrossing populations to self-fertilize as a reproductive assurance strategy. This should trigger a purge of inbreeding depression which in turn encourages individuals to self-fertilize more often and finally to reduce male allocation. We tested the predictions of this scenario using the freshwater snail Physa acuta, a self-compatible hermaphrodite that preferentially outcrosses and exhibits high inbreeding depression in natural populations. From an outbred population, we built two types of experimental evolution lines, controls (outcrossing every generation) and constrained lines (in which mates were often unavailable, forcing individuals to self-fertilize). After ca. twenty generations, individuals from constrained lines initiated self-fertilization earlier in life and had purged most of their inbreeding depression compared to controls. However, their male allocation remained unchanged. Our study suggests that the mating system can rapidly evolve as a response to reduced mating opportunities, supporting the reproductive assurance scenario of transitions from outcrossing to selfing.
Data from: Severe inbreeding depression and no evidence of purging in an extremely inbred wild species - the Chatham Island black robin
Although evidence of inbreeding depression in wild populations is well established, the impact of genetic purging in the wild remains controversial. The contrasting effects of inbreeding depression, fixation of deleterious alleles by genetic drift and the purging of deleterious alleles via natural selection mean that predicting fitness outcomes in populations subjected to prolonged bottlenecks is not straightforward. We report results from a long-term pedigree study of arguably the world's most inbred wild species of bird: the Chatham Island black robin Petroica traversi, in which conditions were ideal for purging to occur. Contrary to expectations, black robins showed a strong, negative relationship between inbreeding and juvenile survival, yielding lethal equivalents (2B) of 6.85. We also determined that the negative relationship between inbreeding and survival did not appear to be mediated by levels of ancestral inbreeding and may be attributed in part to un-purged lethal recessives. Although the black robin demographic history provided ideal conditions for genetic purging, our results show no clear evidence of purging in the major life-history trait of juvenile survival. Our results also show no evidence of fixation of deleterious alleles in juvenile survival, but do confirm that continued high levels of contemporary inbreeding in a historically inbred population could lead to additional severe inbreeding depression.
Purge Vs no Purge in Living Donor Liver Transplantation Recipients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02540447. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Allo Non-myeloablative SCT Utilizing Matched Family Member Stem Cells Purged Using Campath
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00578942. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Purged Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) From Metastatic Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00429182. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Severe inbreeding depression and no evidence of purging in an extremely inbred wild species - the Chatham Island black robin
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Data from: Lifetime inbreeding depression, purging, and mating system evolution in a simultaneous hermaphrodite tapeworm
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Data from: The purging of deleterious mutations in simple and complex mating environments
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Data from: Environmental complexity and the purging of deleterious alleles
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Data from: Purging deleterious mutations in conservation programmes: combining optimal contributions with inbred matings
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Data from: Inbreeding depression and purging in a haplodiploid: gender-related effects
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Data from: Reduced mate availability leads to evolution of self-fertilization and purging of inbreeding depression in a hermaphrodite
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Detecting purging of inbreeding depression by a slow rate of inbreeding for various traits: the impact of environmental and experimental conditions
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Data from: Reduction in the cumulative effect of stress-induced inbreeding depression due to intra-generational purging in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Sexual selection is ineffectual or inhibits the purging of deleterious mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data simulation output for "Purging due to self-fertilization does not prevent accumulation of expansion load"
<p>Simulation output for manuscript "Purging due to self-fertilization does not prevent accumulation of expansion load".</p> <p>See https://github.com/LZeitler/selfing_expansion for details.</p> <p>Please cite the manuscript if you use this data. Preprint is available at https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.19.521096 .</p>
Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation With In Vivo Purging as an Alternate Stem Cell Transplantation Program for Pts w/AML in 1st & 2nd Complete Remission w/no HLA Matched Related Dono
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00531583. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
The Right Amount of Purge Useful for Blood Sampling on PiccLine (PiccLine)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05763186. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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