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Fig. 5 in Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans

Fig. 5. Lateral view of a left forearm where the m. brachioradialis had been retracted toward medial (a), and lateral view of a left forearm (b). 1, m. brachioradialis; 2, m. eXtensor carpi radialis; 3, m. eXtensor digitorum communis; 4, m. eXtensor digitorum lateralis; 5, m. eXtensor carpi ulnaris; 6, cranial interosseous artery; 7, m. supinator; 8, transverse cubital artery; 1', 2', 7', branches of the deep branch of radial nerve to the respective muscle.

Fig. 3 in Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans

Fig. 3. Dorsal view of a left hand, dorsal view of a right hand (b), deep dorsal view of a left hand (c). 1, Extensor digitorum communis tendon; 1', tendon to the digit I; 2, extensor digiti I et II tendons; 2', medial tendon, 2", lateral tendon; 3, extensor digitorum lateralis tendons; 3', medial; 3", intermediate; 3"', lateral; 4, eXtensor carpi radialis tendon; 4', tendon of the cranial belly; 4", tendon of the caudal belly; 5, EXtensor retinaculum.

Fig. 4 in Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans

Fig. 4. Deep lateral views of a two left forearms (a-b), and deep cranial view of a left forearm (c). 1, m. brachioradialis; 2, m. eXtensor carpi radialis; 3, m. supinator; 4, m. abductor digiti I longus; 4', tendon; 5, m. eXtensor digiti I et II; 5', medial tendon; 5", lateral tendon; 6, m. eXtensor carpi ulnaris.

Fig. 6 in Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans

Fig. 6. Lateral view of a left forearm where the m. extensor carpi ulnaris had been retracted toward cranial. 1, m. extensor carpi ulnaris; 1", ulnar head (variant accessory head) of the m. extensor carpi ulnaris; 2, M. extensor digiti I et II; 3, M. abductor digiti I longus.

Fig. 2 in Craniolateral forearm muscles of the crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) and a comparative review with other carnivorans

Fig. 2. Lateral views of a left forearm where the m. extensor digitorum communis had been retracted toward caudal to see the bellies of the m. extensor carpi radialis. 1, m. brachioradialis; 2, m. eXtensor carpi radialis; 2', cranial belly; 2", caudal belly; 3, m. eXtensor digitorum communis; 4, m. eXtensor digitorum lateralis; 5, m. extensor carpi ulnaris; 6, m. abductor digiti I longus.

Fig. 3 in The hidden threat: Exploring the parasite burden and feeding habits of invasive raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in central Europe

Fig. 3. Examples of ecto- and endoparasites and parasite eggs found in fecal investigation of the examined raccoon dogs, A-B ectoparasites, C-D endoparasites, E-F eggs from endoparasites found through MIFC. A: Chaetopsylla globiceps; B: Trichodectes canis; C: Isthmiophora melis; D: Echinococcus multilocularis; E: eggs from Alaria alata; F: Egg from Toxocara canis.

Fig. 2 in The hidden threat: Exploring the parasite burden and feeding habits of invasive raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in central Europe

Fig. 2. Examples of different stomach contents of the examined raccoon dogs, A-F each from one stomach. A: mouse, plants, amphibian; B: grass, maize, feathers and bird foot; C: amphibian, insects; D: insects; E: opened stomach filled with grass; F: hair, plant material, feathers, bones and hair.

Fig. 1 in The hidden threat: Exploring the parasite burden and feeding habits of invasive raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in central Europe

Fig. 1. Origin of the examined raccoon dogs in the different federal states of Germany, red areas show the sampling sites (N = 73). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in The hidden threat: Exploring the parasite burden and feeding habits of invasive raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in central Europe

Fig. 4. Diet of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides according to percentages of the individual components, components that cannot be further determined are summarized in the respective class, with * marked species are most likely to have been eaten as carrion. On the right side are listed the parasites, which are transmitted via a known intermediate host, which made up part of the food of the examined animals.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in First detection and low prevalence of Pearsonema spp. in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Central Europe

Fig. 2. Egg of Pearsonema spp. in urine sediment. The egg shows the characteristic features (barrel-shaped with bipolar plugs). Based on their morphology, the eggs were likely to be P. plica (see Discussion). Scale: 20 μm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in First detection and low prevalence of Pearsonema spp. in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Central Europe

Fig. 1. Sampling areas, sample size (n) and prevalence of Pearonema spp. in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Luxembourg, Poland and Germany. Luxembourg: LUX Luxembourg; Poland: ZL administrative district of Zgorzelecki; Germany: NH Northern Harzvorland, Saxony-Anhalt and administrative district of BZ Bautzen, Saxony; EIC Eichsfeld, Thuringia; PR Prignitz, Brandenburg; GO¨G¨oppingen, Baden-Württemberg.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in Raccoons contraband - The metazoan parasite fauna of free-ranging raccoons in central Europe

Fig. 3. Several factors influence the spread of Baylisascaris procyonis, infestation rates are higher in urban and agricultural environments than in semi-natural sites. Thus, a denser population of raccoons in urban areas has a beneficial effect on infestation numbers. However, other factors such as vegetation density as well as available food resources, microclimate, soil characteristics, and land use also influence the rate of B. procyonis infestation and zoonotic potential. An Unembryonated eggs are shed by the raccoon. Eggs undergo 2–4 weeks of development outside the body until the embryonated and infective stage is reached. Embryonated eggs can remain in the environment for several months and remain infectious. B In urban and agricultural areas, new intermediate hosts are frequently infected. These are either eaten by the raccoon or can become infected like the raccoon (e.g., dogs) and then also excrete eggs. C In urban and agricultural areas, there are usually other off-target hosts than in semi-natural areas. Here, for example, cattle or chickens have been confirmed as false hosts. In these hosts, visceral or ocular larva migrans is induced without the larvae being ingested by the raccoon. D Children can become infected with infectious stages and contract Larva migrans through constructed latrines as well as simple defecation in or near play facilities (e.g., sandboxes, climbing houses). E Due to the steady spread of raccoons, new false hosts are increasingly infected with eggs of B. procyonis, such as chicken birds (pheasants), even in semi-natural areas. F The normal life cycle of B. procyonis includes the prey of P. lotor such as various small mammals or birds. In Europe, these species also play the main role in semi-natural habitats. G Raccoons, as the primary host, become infected with B. procyonis by direct ingestion of embryonated eggs through contact with latrines and via excreted feces of infected raccoons. Numerous small mammals or birds serve as paratenic or intermediate hosts, passing larvae directly to the raccoon. The worms grow in the raccoon and can reach high densities in the raccoon's intestine.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in Raccoons contraband - The metazoan parasite fauna of free-ranging raccoons in central Europe

Fig. 2. Light micrographs of different endo- and ectoparasite species showing the general morphology of the identified parasites in the investigated raccoons; A: Euryhelmis squamula, B: Plagiorchis muris, C: Porrocaecum ensicaudatum, D: Polymorphus minutus, E: Neotrombicula autumnalis, F: Sarcoptes scabiei.

Fig. 2 in Demographic, environmental and physiological predictors of gastrointestinal parasites in urban raccoons

Fig. 2. Nematode and coccidia faecal egg/oocyst counts in raccoons are associated with raccoon age and the month (season) of sampling. (A) Baylisascaris nematodes; (B) strongyle type nematodes; (C) capillariid type nematodes; (D) coccidia.

Fig. 1 in Demographic, environmental and physiological predictors of gastrointestinal parasites in urban raccoons

Fig. 1. Photographs of nematode eggs and oocysts taken at 40× magnification. (A) Ascarid type nematodes (likely Baylisascaris procyonis); (B) strongyle type nematodes (Placoconis lotoris or Molineus barbatus); (C) capillariid type nematodes (Capillaria procyonis or Capillaria putorii); (D) "large" oocysts; (E) "small" oocysts; (F) "long" oocysts. Scale bar = 20 μm in all photographs.

Fig. 4 in Demographic, environmental and physiological predictors of gastrointestinal parasites in urban raccoons

Fig. 4. Distribution of coinfections in juvenile raccoons sampled in October and yearling raccoons sampled in July. Raccoons could be infected by 0–4 types of parasite. There was no significant difference between cross-sectionally (A) and longitudinally (B) sampled raccoons in the mean number of types of parasite harboured as juveniles in October, suggesting that parasite coinfections do not contribute to overwinter mortality. However, raccoons tended to clear parasite infections rather than gain them during this interval (C).

Fig. 3 in Demographic, environmental and physiological predictors of gastrointestinal parasites in urban raccoons

Fig. 3. Changes in gastrointestinal nematode and coccidia infection status and faecal egg or oocyst count for raccoons that were sampled in both July and October of the same year, stratified by age class. (A) Baylisascaris nematodes; (B) strongyle type nematodes; (C) capillariid type nematodes; (D) coccidia. Juvenile raccoons tended to gain nematode infections between July and October. Both adult and juvenile raccoons that were infected with coccidia in July tended to remain infected when resampled in October. Change in egg count = October egg count – July egg count. On average, the faecal egg count of juvenile raccoons increased more than the adult faecal egg count for Baylisascaris, strongyle, and capillariid nematodes (Welch's two sample t-test; pvalue <0.05), but there was no difference in the change in oocyst count for adults vs juveniles.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Fig. 5 in Detection of Spirocerca lupi and an unknown Trichinella-like nematode in raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Fig. 5. Tongue. PAS. Bar = 50 μm. Parasitic cyst in the skeletal musculature, containing three cross- and one longitudinal section of nematode larvae. Note the PAS-positive cyst wall (arrow) and the presence of bilateral hypodermal structures (stars) and a central degenerated digestive tract (arrowheads).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Fig. 3 in Detection of Spirocerca lupi and an unknown Trichinella-like nematode in raccoon (Procyon lotor)

Fig. 3. Abundance of unidentified nematode larvae at investigated muscle sites of one individual (larvae per gram). Density varies strongly between different muscles.