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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Dietary traits and habitats of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) during the Late Glacial of Northern Europe

Raw microwear and mesowear data for the Late Glacial reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) from Verberie, Meiendorf and Stellmoor.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: A study of applicability of SNP chips developed for bovine and ovine species to whole-genome analysis of reindeer Rangifer tarandus

Two sets of commercially available single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) developed for cattle (BovineSNP50 BeadChip) and sheep (OvineSNP50 BeadChip) have been trialed for whole-genome analysis of 4 female samples of Rangifer tarandus inhabiting Russia. We found out that 43.0% of bovine and 47.0% of Ovine SNPs could be genotyped, while only 5.3% and 2.03% of them were respectively polymorphic. The scored and the polymorphic SNPs were identified on each bovine and each ovine chromosome, but their distribution was not unique. The maximal value of runs of homozygosity (ROH) was 30.93Mb (for SNPs corresponding to bovine chromosome 8) and 80.32Mb (for SNPs corresponding to ovine chromosome 7). Thus, the SNP chips developed for bovine and ovine species can be used as a powerful tool for genome analysis in reindeer R. tarandus.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Influence of in-situ oil sands development on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) movement

In-situ oil sands development (ISD) involves a network of facilities, wells, roads and pipelines to extract and transport subsurface bitumen. This technology is rapidly expanding and there is uncertainty whether ISDs restrict animal movement, leading to increased extinction probabilities for some wide-ranging species. Here we test for effects of simulated future (i.e., 50 years from now) and current ISDs on simulated movements of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus), a threatened species across North America. In simulations of future scenarios, we varied the spacing and permeability of ISDs and the presence/absence of protected areas. Permeability was measured as the number of times simulated caribou crossed ISDs with different levels of modelled permeability. We estimated the effects of these factors on caribou step length and annual home range size, key metrics of small and large spatiotemporal scales of movement, respectively. Current caribou crossings of above-ground pipeline features of ISDs were measured using camera traps and compared to expected caribou crossing rates based on present-day caribou movement simulations. Current crossing rates were evaluated within the context of predicted future crossing success rates necessary to maintain caribou step lengths and home ranges. With few exceptions, permeability across ISDs was the main factor affecting caribou movement, more so than spacing between developments or the presence of protected areas. However, minimal permeability (crossing rates of c. 15% to 60%, relative to an undisturbed site was needed to maintain existing home range size and step lengths. The effect of permeability on home range size and step length was non-linear, suggesting that small increases in permeability would provide a disproportionately greater benefit to caribou movement. Our predictions demonstrate that maintaining permeability across ISDs is more important than spacing between leases or including protected areas, and thus provides clear direction for mitigation efforts for features that will exist on the landscape for decades to come.

Figure 9 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 9: Differences of metapodes between genders based on size and shape extracted from Log Shape Ratio from Svalbard reindeer. Boxplot of the isometric size based on metacarpals (A) and metatarsal (B). p-Value of the tests comparing two genders are mentioned in posterior Table 5.

Figure 4 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 4: Geometric morphometrics protocol of the outline and the mesial enamel with the location of the eight landmarks (black dots) and the curve of sliding semi-landmarks (white dotted lines). Landmarks: 1-Lingual connection of paracone/metacone; 2-Buccal connection of protocone/hypocone; 3-Lingual/mesial crest of paracone; 4-Lingual/ distal crest of metacone; 5-Lingual/mesial extremity of the first infundibulum (mesial half of molar); 6-Lingual/distal extremity of the first infundibulum (distal half of molar); 7-Lingual/mesial extremity of the second infundibulum (distal side); 8-Lingual/distal extremity of the second infundibulum (distal side). Photo/illustration by F. Yu.

Figure 3 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 3: Measurements of reindeer's metacarpal (A) and metatarsal (B). Illustrations by Kuntz 2011, modified by F. Yu.

Figure 2 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 2: Occlusal view of measurements of reindeer mandibular cheek teeth. (A) Standards used for premolars P2, P3, P4 and molar M3. (B) Standards used for M1 and M2. Illustrated by A. Lau-Bignon and F. Yu.

Figure 8 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 8: Between subpopulations/population differences in metatarsal size and shape. Boxplots of (A) the osteometric raw measurements (see Figure 3), (B) isometric size and (C) two first axes of the PCA of Log Shape Ratio. HAR, Hardangervidda; COL, Colesdalen; GR, GrØndalen; SAS,Sassendalen; GL, largest length; SD, smallest breadth of diaphysis; BP, proximal transversal diameter; DP, proximal antero-posterior diameter; DD, smallest thickness of diaphysis; Bd, distal transversal diameter; Dd, distal antero-posterior diameter;DdL, distal lateral antero-posterior diameter; DdM, distal mesial anteroposterior diameter.

Figure 5 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 5: Differences between the two subspecies based on size and shape extracted from the CLog Shape Ratio of linear measurements of lower cheek teeth, metacarpals and metatarsals. Boxplot of the isometric size (left) and visualization of the two first axes of the PCA of shape (right) based on teeth (A), metacarpals (B) and metatarsals (C).

Figure 1 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Figure 1: Geographic location of the study populations. Dark red polygones represent the geographic range of the six populations in Norway. Hardangervidda, KnutshØ and Forollhogna, localized in the south of continental Norway correspond to R. tarandus tarandus, while GrØndalen, Colesdalen and Sassendalen correspond to R. tarandus platyrhynchus from the island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Illustration by A. Lau-Bignon.

Table 1 in Morphometrics highlights subspecies differentiation of continental (Rangifer t. tarandus) and insular (Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) Norwegian reindeer

Table 1: Number of reindeer specimens studied per skeletal element, subspecies (Rangifer t. tarandus, Rangifer t. platyrhynchus) and the six populations or subpopulations in the case of Svalbard reindeer.<table><tbody><tr><th>Subspecies</th><th></th><th>Rangifer t. tarandus (n = 170)</th><th></th><th></th><th>Rangifer t. platyrhynchus (n = 92)</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Localisation</th><td></td><td>Continental Norway</td><td></td><td></td><td>Island of Spitsbergen, Svalbard</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Population</th><td>Forollhogna</td><td>Hardangervidda</td><td>Knutshø (n = 49)</td><td>Colesdalen</td><td>Grøndalen</td><td>Sassendalen</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(n = 52)</td><td>(n = 69)</td><td></td><td></td><td>(n = 32)</td><td>(n = 33)</td><td>(n = 27)</td></tr><tr><th>Gender of specimens</th><td>Males</td><td>Females</td><td>Males Females</td><td>Males</td><td>Females</td><td>Males</td><td>Females</td><td>Males Females</td><td>Males</td><td>Females</td></tr><tr><th>Teeth – linear measurements</th><td>27</td><td>21</td><td>30 35</td><td>17</td><td>28</td><td>10</td><td>13</td><td>7 11</td><td>6</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>Teeth – GMM</th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>28 20</td><td>15</td><td>11</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0 0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><th>Metacarpal</th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>49a 0</td><td>0</td><td>17</td><td>12</td><td>12</td><td>19 16</td><td>10</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Metatarsal</th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>50a 0</td><td>0</td><td>16</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>20 15</td><td>10</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>a Not specified in Kuntz (2011).

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Intrinsic traits of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou calves depredated by black bears Ursus americanus and coyotes Canis latrans

Individuals in substandard physical condition are predicted to be more vulnerable to predation. Support for this prediction is inconsistent partly as a result of differences across systems in the life histories of predator and prey species. Our objective was to examine the physical condition of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) calves depredated by two predators with different life histories in Newfoundland, Canada. Black bears (Ursus americanus) are capable of chasing calves at high speeds over short distances and primarily prey on calves <1 month of age. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are cursorial predators that pursue prey over longer distances, which is expected to result in the selection of substandard individuals. We hypothesized that (i) black bears will kill calves in substandard physical condition, while (ii) coyotes will kill calves from across the distribution of individual conditions. We used mitochondrial DNA species identification tests to assign predator species to calf mortalities. We then used molecular identifications and field observations to build a predictive model using generalized boosted trees to predict the predator species where a molecular identification was unavailable. We tested our hypotheses using Cox proportional hazards models under a competing risks framework. Bears killed younger calves and lighter calves, while coyotes killed heavier calves. Coyotes also killed more late-born calves, which might suggest prey switching as calves become more abundant later in the season. Our findings suggest that the physical constraints of predators play a greater role than predator hunting strategies in this system, but other processes are likely influential. The tendency for coyotes to kill heavier calves might result from sustained coyote predation over time, following the removal by black bears of lighter calves during their first month of age. This research illuminates the complexity of predator-prey interactions in Newfoundland and highlights an important source of variability for predator-prey systems.

publicSep 2015View details →

Data from: A study of applicability of SNP chips developed for bovine and ovine species to whole-genome analysis of reindeer Rangifer tarandus

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publicMay 2019View details →

Data from: Intrinsic traits of woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou calves depredated by black bears Ursus americanus and coyotes Canis latrans

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publicAug 2016View details →

Data from: Influence of in-situ oil sands development on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) movement

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FIG. 2. — A in A zooarchaeological study of Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Croxton site in Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for utility analysis

FIG. 2. — A caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) partial cranium with antlers removed. The white arrow points toward linear hack marks. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 5 in A zooarchaeological study of Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Croxton site in Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for utility analysis

FIG. 5. — Utility curve diagrams of %MGUI and %MAU for Croxton site faunal samples. A, level 4; B, level 5; C, reassessed 1989 sample.

FIG. 4 in A zooarchaeological study of Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Croxton site in Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for utility analysis

FIG. 4. — Split caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) right metatarsal with impacts on opposing surfaces. After being split and discarded, the bone surface took on a brown stain during burial in humic soil. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 3. — Croxton site anatomical portion frequencies. A, Level 4 in A zooarchaeological study of Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Croxton site in Brooks Range, Alaska, and implications for utility analysis

FIG. 3. — Croxton site anatomical portion frequencies. A, Level 4; B, Level 5; C, reassessed data from the 1989 faunal sample. The vertical axis indicates the frequencies of standardized skeletal elements.