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141 results for “Rattus rattus”
Fig. 5 in Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
Fig. 5. Seasonal fluctuation of infestations of the Southeast Asian house rat (R. brunneusculus) with Walchia (W.) turmalis at Jingha, southern Yunnan of China (April 2016–March 2017).
Fig. 1 in Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
Fig. 1. Seasonal fluctuation of overall infestations of the Southeast Asian house rat (R. brunneusculus) with chiggers at Jingha village in southern Yunnan of China (April 2016–March 2017).
Fig. 4 in Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
Fig. 4. Seasonal fluctuation of infestations of the Southeast Asian house rat (R. brunneusculus) with Leptotrombidium (L.) deliense at Jingha, southern Yunnan of China (April 2016–March 2017).
Fig. 6 in Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
Fig. 6. Seasonal fluctuation of infestations of the Southeast Asian house rat (R. brunneusculus) with Leptotrombidium (L.) scutellare at Jingha, southern Yunnan of China (April 2016–March 2017).
Fig. 3 in Infestation and seasonal fluctuation of chigger mites on the Southeast Asian house rat (Rattus brunneusculus) in southern Yunnan Province, China
Fig. 3. Seasonal fluctuation of infestations of the Southeast Asian house rat (R. brunneusculus) with Ascoschoengastia indica at Jingha, southern Yunnan of China (April 2016–March 2017).
Figure 4. Haplotype network for Rattus rattus Complex II in Expanding Population Edge Craniometrics and Genetics Provide Insights into Dispersal of Commensal Rats through Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Figure 4. Haplotype network for Rattus rattus Complex II. The Nusa Tenggara samples are illustrated on the right of the network.
Figure 3. Haplotype networks for Rattus exulans, R in Expanding Population Edge Craniometrics and Genetics Provide Insights into Dispersal of Commensal Rats through Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Figure 3. Haplotype networks for Rattus exulans, R. argentiventer, and Rattus rattus Complex LIV. Sunda refers to the islands of Borneo, Java, and Sumatra; the Indonesian sample (brown) lacks further collection information.
Figure 6 in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 6. Variation in chemical complexity of preputial gland extracts among four subspecies of Rattus fuscipes and R. leucopus based on 80 quantitated compounds. (A) Box and whisker plots of the number of chemical compounds detected in each subspecies. (B) Box and whisker plots of the total abundance of chemical compounds detected in each subspecies. In both, asterisks above pairwise comparisons of conspecific subspecies indicate significantly higher values (p <0.01) with a one-way Mann-Whitney U Test for all sympatric to allopatric comparisons.
Figure 5 in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 5. Variation in chemical composition of preputial glands among four subspecies of Rattus fuscipes and R. leucopus. (A) Twodimensional representation of chemical composition among individuals based on non-metric multidimensional scaling of all 80 quantitated compounds showing separation of species and subspecies (grey polygons represent grouping of samples using convex hulls). (B) Anosim plot of total compounds showing greater variation between than within species and among than within subspecies. (C) Two-dimensional representation of chemical composition among individuals based on non-metric multidimensional scaling using subset of thiazoline, carboxylic acid, and sesquiterpene compounds showing separation of species and subspecies (grey polygons represent grouping of samples using convex hulls). (D) Anosim plot of subset of compounds showing greater variation between than within species and among than within subspecies.
Figure 4. Representative ion m in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 4. Representative ion m/z 60 trace with post-run selected ion chromatograms for thiazolines and carboxylic acids from preputial gland extracts of (A) Rattus fuscipes assimilis (QMJM 19152); (B) R. fuscipes coracius QMJM 19100; (C) R. leucopus cooktownensis QMJM 19131; and (D) R. leucopus leucopus QMJM 19060. Numbers above peaks identify specific compounds: (1) 2-methylthiazoline, 10.56 min; (2) 2-ethylthiazoline, 16.04 min; (3) 2-isopropylthiazoline, 19.59 min; (4) 2-propylthiazoline, 22.49 min; (5) 2-sec-butylthiazoline (SBT), 25.89 min; (6) 2-isobutylthiazoline, 26.10 min; (7) 2-butylthiazoline, 29.85 min; (8) dodecanoic acid, 56.28 min; (9) tetradecanoic acid, 67.25 min; (10) pentadecanoic acid, 72.34 min; and (11) hexadecanoic acid, 77.50 min.
Figure 3 in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 3. Chemical structures of seven thiazoline compounds identified from preputial glands of Rattus
Figure 1 in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 1. Map of sample localities across Queensland with select cities and towns indicated with stars. Preputial
Figure 2 in Odorants Differentiate Australian Rattus with Increased Complexity in Sympatry
Figure 2. STRUCTURE plot of allozyme variation among four subspecies of Australian Rattus. Each of the 166 samples analysed in this study (13 Rfa, 67 Rfc, 65 Rlc, 21 Rll) is represented by a vertical bar shaded based on the likelihood of assignment to one of four populations. Individual samples are not distinguishable where they share a high likelihood of assignment to the same population (e.g., all Rfa samples). Plot demonstrates lack of gene flow between species in sympatry (Rfc and Rlc) with no mixed likelihood between species. Limited gene flow (or shared polymorphism) among subspecies, Rlc and Rll, are evident in bars with mixed shading.
Occupancy model for Rattus spp. in high and low human human refuse supplementation conditions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Habitat use and seed removal by invasive rats (Rattus rattus) in disturbed and undisturbed rainforest, Puerto Rico
Despite frequent occurrences of invasive rats (Rattus spp.) on islands, their known effects on forests are limited. Where invasive rats have been studied, they generally have significant negative impacts on native plants, birds, and other animals. This study aimed to determine invasive rat distribution and effects on native plant populations via short-term seed removal trials in tropical rain forest habitats in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. To address the first objective, we used tracking tunnels (inked and baited cards inside tunnels enabling animal visitors' foot prints to be identified) placed on the ground and in the lower canopy within disturbed (treefall gaps, hurricane plots, stream edges) and undisturbed (continuous forest) habitats. We found that rats are present in all habitats tested. Secondly, we compared seed removal of four native tree species (Guarea guidonia, Buchenavia capitata, Tetragastris balsamifera, and Prestoea acuminata) between vertebrate-excluded and free-access treatments in the same disturbed and undisturbed habitats. Trail cameras were used to identify animals responsible for seed contact and removal. Black rats (R. rattus) were responsible for 65.1% of the interactions with seeds, of which 28.6% were confirmed seed removals. Two plant species had significantly more seeds removed in disturbed (gaps) than undisturbed forest. Prestoea acuminata had the lowest seed removal (9% in 10 d), whereas all other species had >30% removal. Black rats are likely influencing fates of seeds on the forest floor, and possibly forest community composition, through dispersal or predation. Further understanding of rat-plant interactions may be useful for formulating conservation strategies.
Data from: Urban rat races: spatial population genomics of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) compared across multiple cities
Urbanization often substantially influences animal movement and gene flow. However, few studies to date have examined gene flow of the same species across multiple cities. In this study, we examine brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) to test hypotheses about the repeatability of neutral evolution across four cities: Salvador, Brazil; New Orleans, USA; Vancouver, Canada; New York City, USA. At least 150 rats were sampled from each city and genotyped for a minimum of 15,000 genome-wide SNPs. Levels of genome-wide diversity were similar across cities, but varied across neighborhoods within cities. All four populations exhibited high spatial autocorrelation at the shortest distance classes (< 500 m) due to limited dispersal. Coancestry and evolutionary clustering analyses identified genetic discontinuities within each city that coincided with a resource desert in New York City, major waterways in New Orleans, and roads in Salvador and Vancouver. Such replicated studies are crucial to assessing the generality of predictions from urban evolution, and have practical applications for pest management and public health. Future studies should include a range of global cities in different biomes, incorporate multiple species, and examine the impact of specific characteristics of the built environment and human socioeconomics on gene flow.
Evaluation of the immunostimulant effect of microvesicles of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from wild Rattus norvegicus.
<p><span>Lactic acid bacteria are components of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract in both humans and animals and are widely used as probiotics. The bacterial strain <em>Lactobacillus sp</em>. is the most related to probiotic activity and released<span> </span>membrane microvesicles (MVs). Some of their primary functions are to carry and transmit antigens to the host tissues and modulate the host defense responses. In the present study, <em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em> was isolated from the ileum of free-living <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> to evaluate the immunostimulant effect of their MVs in two biological models. MVs from <em>L. acidophilus</em> were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy</span><span>, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The immunostimulant effect of</span><span> MVs</span><span> from </span><em><span>L. acidophilus</span></em><span> on ovine abomasal explants, previously stimulated with 30 µg/1h of MVs and subsequently challenged with third-stage larvae (L3) of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>, was probed, demonstrating a decrease in the percentage of larvae association, and favoring the migration of inflammatory cells to the infection site. In contrast, cells line of the RAW 264.7 were stimulated by 10 µg/3h of MVs from <em>L. acidophilus</em> to evaluate their activation through the expression of transcripts coding for IL-1β and TNF-α. In both cases, the immunostimulatory effect</span><span>s of </span><span>MVs<em> </em><span>from <em>L. acidophilus</em></span> isolated from free-living <em>R. norvegicus</em> were verified, demonstrating that these structures are capable of immunostimulated the </span><span>evaluated biological models and </span><span>could carried important antigen that can be considerate in a formulation to promote the intestinal health in livestock production.<span> </span>The present study is the first report of MVs secreted by <em>L. acidophilus</em> isolated from free-living <em>R. norvegicus </em>caring that this rodent is resistant to many bacterial pathogens that normally affect the gastrointestinal tract of other mammals.</span></p> <p><span>In the atachment file we present the data obtained of the porcentage of asocciation and porcentage of mortality of L3 stage larvae from <em>H. contort</em></span><span><em>u</em>s in abomasal tissue stimulated with microvesicles from <em>L. acidophilus</em>. In the other hand the expression of IL-1</span><span>β</span><span> and TNF</span><span>α. </span><span> mRNA from RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with microvesicles from <em>L. acidophilus.</em> </span></p>
The Effect of Bone Graft Substitute in Healing Fractures with Bone Defects Through Examination of Alkaline Phosphatase and Radiology in the Murine Model (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain
<p>Raw data for manuscript with the title <strong>The Effect of Bone Graft Substitute in Healing Fractures with Bone Defects Through Examination of Alkaline Phosphatase and Radiology in the Murine Model (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) Wistar strain </strong></p>
Evaluation of the impact of chemical control on the ecology of Rattus norvegicus of an urban community in Salvador, Brazil
<p>dataset of rodent trapping in a pre/post-intervention scheme. Check publication of the same name for details on the study design. File contains complete comprehensive codebook.</p>
Comparative phylogeography of two commensal rat species (Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus) in China: Insights from mitochondiral DNA, microsatellite and RADseq
<p><em><span>Rattus norvegicus</span></em><span> and </span><em><span>Rattus tanezumi</span></em><span> are dominant species of Chinese house rats, but the colonization and demographic history of two species in China have not been thoroughly explored.</span><span> Phylogenetic analyses with mitochondrial DNA including 486 individuals from 31 localities revealed that </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> is widely distributed in China, </span><span>R. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> is mainly distributed in southern China with currently invading northward; northeast China was the natal region of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span>, while the spread of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> in China most likely started from the southeast coast. A total of 123 individuals from 18 localities were subjected to 2b‐RAD analyses. In the neighbor‐joining tree, individuals of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> grouped into geographic‐specific branches, and populations from the southeast coast were ancestral groups, which confirmed the colonization route from the southeast coast to central and western China. However, individuals of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> were generally grouped into two clusters instead of geographic‐specific branches. One cluster comprised inland populations, and another cluster included both southeast coast and inland populations, which indicated that the spread history of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> in China was complex; in addition to on‐land colonization, shipping transportation also played a great role. ADMIXTURE and principal component analyses provided further supports for the colonization history. Demographic analyses revealed that climate changes at ~40,000 to 18,000 years ago and ~4000 years ago had led to population declines of both species; the </span><span>R<em>.</em> <em>norvegicus</em></span><span> declined rapidly while the population of </span><span><em>R</em>. <em>tanezumi</em></span><span> continuously expanded since ~1500 years ago, indicating the importance of interspecies' competition in their population size changes. Our study provided a valuable framework for further investigation of phylogeography of two species in China.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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