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50 results for “Rural landscape”
Roosting behavior and roost selection by Epomophorus gambianus (Pteropodidae) in a west African rural landscape
<p><span>Urbanization is driving many species to inhabit modified landscapes, but our understanding of how species respond to this remains limited. Bats are particularly vulnerable due to their life-history traits but have received little attention. We describe the roosting behavior and roost site selection, including maternity roosts, for the Gambian epauletted fruit bat (<em>Epomophorus gambianus</em>) within a modified forest-savannah transition ecological zone in Ghana, West Africa. We compared characteristics of roost and non-roost sites to test the hypotheses that roost site selection is non-random and that </span><span>maternity roost site selection differs from non-maternity roosts. Male bats were more likely to switch roost (</span><span>mean= 0.49 ± 0.23 bat days, <em>N</em>=23) than females (mean= 0.33 ± 0.18 bat days, <em>N</em>=7) while linear distances between roosts used by males (255 ± 254 m) were significantly longer than for females (102 ± 71m) (</span><em><span>t</span></em><span> = 4.50, <em>df</em> =86, <em>P</em> <0.0001). Roost trees were more likely than non-roost trees to be bigger, taller, occur closer to buildings, and be in relatively open and less mature plots; maintaining such trees in modified landscapes could benefit the species. Lactating bats selected a subset of roost trees but significantly, those that contained a greater number of bats, a strategy which may reflect predator avoidance, or other social co-operation benefits. Although there was a preference for five tree species, other trees with preferred characteristics were also used. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how species utilize modified landscapes, which is important in the management of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.</span></p>
Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity
Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity and food security, as expanding cities, especially in the Global South, increasingly compete with natural and agricultural lands. However, the impact of urban expansion on agricultural biodiversity in tropical regions is overlooked. Here we assessed how urbanization affects the functional response of farmland bees, the most important pollinators for crop production. We sampled bees across three seasons in 36 conventional vegetable-producing farms spread along an urbanization gradient in Bengaluru, an Indian megacity. We investigated how landscape and local environmental drivers affected different functional traits (sociality, nesting behaviour, body size and specialization) and functional diversity (functional dispersion) of bee communities. We found that the functional responses to urbanization were trait specific with more positive than negative effects of grey area (sealed surfaces and buildings) on species richness, functional diversity and abundance of most functional groups. As expected, larger, solitary, cavity-nesting, and surprisingly, specialist bees benefitted from urbanization. In contrast to temperate cities, the abundance of ground-nesters increased in urban areas, presumably because larger patches of bare soil were still available besides roads and buildings. However, overall bee abundance and the abundance of social bees (85% of all bees) decreased with urbanization, threatening crop pollination. Crop diversity promoted taxonomic and functional diversity of bee communities. Locally, flower resources promoted the abundance of all functional groups, and natural vegetation could maintain diverse pollinator communities throughout the year, especially during the non-cropping season. However, exotic plants decreased functional diversity and bee specialization. To safeguard bees and their pollination services in urban farms, we recommend (1) to preserve semi-natural vegetation (hedges) around cropping fields to provide nesting opportunities for above-ground nesters, (2) to promote farm-level crop diversification of beneficial crops (e.g., pulses, vegetables and spices), (3) to maintain native natural vegetation along field-margins, (4) to control and remove invasive exotic plants that disrupt native plant-pollinator interactions. Overall, our results suggest that urban agriculture can maintain functionally diverse bee communities and, if managed in a sustainable manner, can be used to develop win-win solutions for biodiversity conservation of pollinators and food security in and around cities.
Roman Rural Landscapes in Noricum: AOI
**Area of Interest ** # This interactive map shows the study area of the [PhD-Project *Roman Rural Landscapes in Noricum.*](https://www.researchgate.net/project/Roman-Rural-Landscapes-in-Noricum-Archaeological-Studies-on-Roman-Settlements-in-the-Hinterland-of-Northern-Noricum) The project deals with ancient rural settlement in the northeastern part of Noricum in the time of the Roman Empire. The study area is located in today's ["Mostviertel" in Lower Austria](https://goo.gl/maps/SzCTttU3iDnE2i5h9). # The project follows an inclusive approach, which means that all available archaeological sources in the sense of finds and features should be taken into account. The focus of the investigations is on the period of Roman rule in Noricum (15 B.C. to A.D. 488), but also deals with preceding and subsequent epochs. # --- **EPSG:31256 MGI / Ausria GK East | data: Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire; Land Niederösterreich; Land Oberösterreich; geoland.at; Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 4 in Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape
Figure 4. Results of integrated coverage-based rarefaction-extrapolation (Chao & Jost, 2012) of butterfly richness between 18 sampled points in a rural landscape in Southern Brazil (confidence interval = 95%). Continuous lines (rarefaction), dotted lines (extrapolation).
Figure 5 in Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape
Figure 5. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), plots representing butterfly assemblages composition measured in distinct types of microhabitats (abandoned edge, road edge, farmland edge and forest interior) in a rural landscape in Southern Brazil. a) Including forest interior sampled sites (Stress = 0.11); b) Excluding forest interior sampled sites (Stress = 0.14). Forest interior butterfly communities are distinct from all edge communities, but all edge habitats support similar butterfly communities despite microhabitat differences (even when interior samples are removed from the data analysis).
Figure 3 in Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape
Figure 3. Results of integrated coverage-based rarefaction-extrapolation (Chao & Jost, 2012) of butterfly richness between microhabitat types in a rural landscape in Southern Brazil (confidence interval = 95%). Continuous lines (rarefaction), dotted lines (extrapolation).
Figure 2 in Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape
Figure 2. Characterization of the sampled microhabitats in a rural landscape in Southern Brazil. (a, b) forest interior; (c, d) abandoned edge; (e, f) farmland edge; (g, h) road edge.
Figure 1 in Use of microhabitats affects butterfly assemblages in a rural landscape
Figure 1. Location of the study area in the Joaçaba Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. (a) Fragments sampled; (b-c) Distribution of collection points of A, B and C fragments.
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
<p>Growth in the global development of cities, and increasing public interest in beekeeping, has led to rises in the numbers of urban apiaries. Towns and cities can provide an excellent diet for managed bees, with a diverse range of nectar and pollen available throughout a long flowering season and are often more ecologically diverse than the surrounding rural environments. Accessible urban honeybee hives are a valuable research resource to gain insights into the diet and ecology of wild pollinators in urban settings. We used DNA metabarcoding of the rbcL and ITS2 gene regions to characterise the pollen community in Apis mellifera honey, inferring the floral diet, from 14 hives across an urban gradient around Greater Manchester, UK. We found that the proportion of urban land around a hive is significantly associated with an increase in the diversity of plants foraged, and that invasive and non-native plants appear to play a critical role in the sustenance of urban bees, alongside native plant species. The proportion of improved grassland, typical of suburban lawns and livestock farms, is significantly associated with decreases in the diversity of plant pollen found in honey samples. These findings are relevant to urban landscape developers motivated to encourage biodiversity and bee persistence, in line with global bio-food security agendas.</p>
Dataset to study "Understanding rural communities' narratives of land abandonment and its consequences on nature's contributions to people in a biocultural landscape in Spain"
<p>This dataset includes the raw data of a survey of 203 local residents in the region of Las Hurdes, Spain. The dataset sheet presents respondents' Linkages toward traditional land uses, Land abandonment perception and impacts, main agricultural practices, and socio-demographic characteristics (age, education level, place of residence, etc). The survey was carried out by face-to-face and the data compilation was done manually. The complete method is described in: Quintas‑Soriano, C., Torralba, M., García‑Martín, M., Plieninger, T., (2023): Narratives of land abandonment in a biocultural landscape of Spain. Regional Environmental Change, in press.</p> <p>In this upload you can find 2 files:</p> <p>1- Database: this file contains the dataset with all the valid responses to the survey. blank spaces mean that the question was left unanswered by the respondents.</p> <p>2- Document of the face-to-face survey with all the questions and panels used for the social sampling.</p>
Roosting behavior and roost selection by Epomophorus gambianus (Pteropodidae) in a west African rural landscape
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Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
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Functional diversity of farmland bees across rural-urban landscapes in a tropical megacity
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Data from: Functional diversity of phyllostomid bats in an urban-rural landscape: a scale-dependent analysis
<p>Urbanization is one of the most pervasive landscape transformational processes responsible for novel selection agents promoting functional community homogenization. Bats may persist in those human environments, but the mechanisms responsible for their adaptability and the spatial scales in which landscape imposes environmental filtering remain poorly studied in the Neotropics. We tested the hypothesis that landscape composition interacts with the spatial scale to affect the functional diversity of phyllostomids in an urban-rural gradient. Based on functional traits, we calculated indices of functional richness, divergence, evenness, community-weighted means of morphological traits, and classified species into functional groups. We evaluated the changes of those variables in response to forest, grassland, and urbanized areas at 0.5, 1.25 and, 2 km scales. The number of functional groups, functional richness, and functional evenness tended to be higher in areas far from cities and with higher forest cover, whereas functional divergence increased in more urbanized areas. Our results show that the mean value of wing loading in the assemblage was negatively associated to landscape transformation at several spatial scales. However, environmental filtering driven by grass cover was particularly robust at the 500 m scale, affecting big-sized species with long pointed wings. Retaining natural forest in cattle ranging systems at ~12 km<sup>2</sup> appears to favor bat abundance evenness among functional types in the urban-rural landscape. Recognizing the scale of the effect on phyllostomid functional responses appears to be a fundamental issue for elucidating the spatial extent to which phyllostomid conservation planning in urban-rural landscapes should be addressed.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
List of the 19 socio-demographic and ecological parameters used for the study area clustering and their values for each municipality of the study area.
Supplementary material 2 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
Eigenvalue, percentage of explained variablity and accumulated percentage of explained variability of the five factors (with an eingenvalue higher than 1) result of the PCA analysis and used for the HCA analysis.
Supplementary material 3 from: Palomo-Campesino S, Palomo I, Moreno J, González J (2018) Characterising the rural-urban gradient through the participatory mapping of ecosystem services: insights for landscape planning. One Ecosystem 3: e24487. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24487
Factors' loadings for each of the 19 socio-demographic and ecological variables analysed. Values in bold are statistically significant at P>0.05.
Data from: Functional diversity of phyllostomid bats in an urban-rural landscape: a scale-dependent analysis
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Fig. 6 in Autumn habitat selection of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus Pallas, 1771) in a rural and fragmented landscape
Fig. 6. Relocations of the four female individuals F1, F2, F3 and F4. F1 was tracked from the 17th to the 19th of September 2017. F2 was tracked from the 19th to the 21th of September 2017. F3 was tracked from the 24th to the 29th of September 2017. F4 was tracked from the 29th of September to the 2nd of October 2017. The dashed red line (F4) represents a possible migration route for the female F4.
Fig. 5 in Autumn habitat selection of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus Pallas, 1771) in a rural and fragmented landscape
Fig. 5. Wandering areas of the four females (top) and four males (bottom) tracked from mid-September to mid-October of 2017. These ranges were calculated on RStudio with the package HabitatHR. The maps on the left were produced using 50% of the relocations, while the maps on right were produced using 80% of the relocations. These two territory sizes (50% and 80%) help picturing the possible wandering surfaces that may have been used by the tracked individuals. Their actual home ranges were probably between these two representations. Note that female F4 had an additional wandering area outside the presented map (indicated by the arrow on the bottom of the top-right image), when 80% of the relocations were included.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.