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106 results for “Salmon River”
Large effect loci mediate rapid adaptation of salmon body size after river regulation
<p>Understanding the potential of natural populations to adapt to altered environments is becoming increasingly relevant in evolutionary research. Currently, our understanding of adaptation to human alteration of the environment is hampered by lack of knowledge on the genetic basis of traits, lack of time series, and little or no information on changes in optimal trait values. Here we used time series data spanning nearly a century to investigate how body mass of Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) adapts to river regulation. We found that the change in body mass followed the change in waterflow, both decreasing to ~1/3 of their original values. Allele frequency changes at two loci in the regions of <em>vgll3</em> and <em>six6 </em>predicted more than 80% of the observed body mass reduction. Modelling the adaptive dynamics revealed that the population mean lagged behind its optimum before catching up ~6 salmon generations after the initial waterflow reduction. Our results demonstrate rapid adaptation mediated by large effect loci and provide insight into the temporal dynamics of evolutionary rescue following human disturbance.</p>
Рис. 2. Некоторые обсΛеΑованные воΑотоки национаΛьного парка «Анюйский»: А — р. Анюй; Б — протока Кыкычен р. Анюй; В — р. Мани; Г — р. Пихца Fig. 2. Some investigated watercourses of the Anyuysky National Park: А — Anyuy River; Б — Kykychen channel of the Anyuy River; В — Mani River; Г — Pikhtsa River in Zoobenthos of salmon rivers in the Anyuysky National Park (Khabarovsky Region, Russia)
Рис. 2. Некоторые обсΛеΑованные воΑотоки национаΛьного парка «Анюйский»: А — р. Анюй; Б — протока Кыкычен р. Анюй; В — р. Мани; Г — р. Пихца Fig. 2. Some investigated watercourses of the Anyuysky National Park: А — Anyuy River; Б — Kykychen channel of the Anyuy River; В — Mani River; Г — Pikhtsa River
Figure 14. A, B in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 14. A, B. Measurements of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth (31 specimens total), freshwater (pink/red) vs. coastal marine (grey/black). A. Average lengths of osseous bases. B. Average lengths of tooth cusps. Freshwater specimens are from the Mehrten Formation (pink) and Pinole Formation (red). Coastal marine specimens are from the Monterey, Santa Margarita, and Capistrano formations. How measurements were taken is shown in Fig. 10).
Figure 13 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 13. Coastal marine specimens of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth from the Santa Margarita Formation, Monterey Formation, and Capistrano Formation. A. LACM 135697. B. LACM 58915. C. LACM 158730. D. LACM 147601. E. LACM 147597. Freshwater specimens from O. rastrosus from the Pinole Tuff Formation. F. UCMP 61550. G. UCMP 61554. H. UCMP 65630. All are lateral views.
Figure 10. A in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 10. A. Photograph of fossil salmon locality, T-6, showing beach and overlying cliff. Specimens were collected from the surface of the beach area from ~1957–1964. B. Photograph taken at salmon locality, T-6, showing exposed water-lain tuff within the sands. C. Photograph of sharp unconformity underlying salmon locality. Below the unconformity is pink/tan tuffaceous silt. D. Photograph of T-5, a nearby site to T-6, with the sharp unconformity and large, rounded cobbles.
Figure 8 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 8. Map showing locations of all California specimens examined/measured in this study. Blue circles indicate marine deposits while orange indicates freshwater.
Figure 12 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 12. Freshwater specimens of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth from the Mehrten Formation (Turlock Lake, CA; UCMP V5405). All are lateral views. A. Left tooth (UCMP 93181). B. Left tooth (UCMP 93183). C. Right tooth (UCMP 136029). D. Right tooth (UCMP 93179). E. Right tooth (UCMP 93184). F. Left tooth (UCMP 61951).
Figure 9. A–F in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 9. A–F. Measurements taken of O. rastrosus premaxillary teeth. A. Greatest length of the osseous base. B. Greatest length of the tooth cusp. C. Greatest height of the tooth cusp and osseous base. D. Greatest height of the osseous base. E. Greatest width of the osseous base. F. Greatest width of the tooth cusp.
Figure 5 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 5. Generalized stratigraphy of the Mehrten Formation highlighted in grey. Modified from Wagner 1981.
Figure 3 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 3. Map of California showing the location of Turlock Lake in relation to nearby cities, towns, and landmarks.
Figure 4 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 4. Early Pliocene (~5 Ma) reconstruction of California showing the modern locations of the Tuolumne River, Turlock Lake, latite flows of the Stanislaus Group, the Little Walker Caldera, the path of the "proto-Tuolumne River", and the shallow marine embayment near Bakersfield. Based on Blakey and Ranney 2008.
Figure 11. Stratigraphic section through the T-6 in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 11. Stratigraphic section through the T-6 fossil locality (measured/described by Francisco Palacios and Jacob Biewer in October, 2015).
Figure 7. A–K in giant, spike-toothed salmon, Oncorhynchus rastrosus and the "Proto-Tuolumne River" (early Pliocene) of Central California
Figure 7. A–K. "Proto-Tuolumne River" deposits exposed at Turlock Lake indicated by orange on inset map. Arrows indicate observed flow directions. A. Unconformity exposed northwest of T-24. B. Channel cross-section visible at T-21. C. Unconformity exposed far north of salmon locality. D. Unconformity exposed on 'unmapped' island. E. Cobbles above unconformity at T-5 showing clear imbrication toward the left (southwest direction). F. Sharp, wavy unconformity on T-3/T-4 island. G. Cross-bedded sand of cliff face overlying salmon locality. H. Steep cross-beds and silt rip-up clasts exposed at cliff overlooking T-8. I. Unconformity exposed between T-15 and T-14. J. Cross-beds located southwest of T-24. K. Beach composed of cross-bedded sand and gravel at T-23.
Tagging and tracking information for radiotagged Chinook Salmon in the Copper River, Alaska, 2019 and 2020.
<p>This is a 2 year data set that summarizes the information collected for a study funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund (AKSSF), project number 52004. Data was collected on Chinook Salmon in the Copper River by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sport Fish Division and the Native Village of Eyak. The data set includes the following information on Chinook Salmon: tagging date, radio tag frequency and code, length of fish, age of fish and then the date each fish passed a series of fixed tracking stations along the Copper River, expressed as Julian dates. Below is the citation for the study plan which details the methodology including tagging location and placement of the fixed-tracking stations.</p> <p>Schwanke, C. J. 2019. Run timing and spawning distribution of Copper River Chinook salmon. Alaska Department<br> of Fish and Game, Regional Operational Plan ROP.SF.3F.2019.04, Fairbanks.</p> <p>http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/FedAidPDFs/ROP.SF.3F.2019.04.pdf</p>
Quantifying the diets of a non-native and native predator during juvenile salmon out-migrations in the Columbia River
<p>This is the clean and raw data files needed to replicate the analysis for our paper. The data contains carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several species of fish collected in the upper John Day Reservoir in Washington State in 2012. The data contains stable isotope signatures from predatory Walleye and Northern Pikeminnow, as well as potential prey species. A spreadsheet with descriptions of the column names is included. </p> <p>All of the code and analysis can be found at Karl Veggerby's Github: https://github.com/veggerk/Columbia-River-predatory-fish-study</p>
Subyearling Chinook salmon diets in Lower Columbia River estuarine habitats
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Overlap of spatial and temporal spawning distributions of spring and summer Chinook Salmon results in hybridization in the upper Columbia River
<p>The upper Columbia River in Washington State (main-stem and tributary habitat between McNary and Chief Joseph dams) is inhabited by two major lineages of Chinook Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>); endangered spring Chinook Salmon and summer Chinook Salmon which are not ESA listed. The lineages are highly genetically divergent from one another and historically spatial and temporal isolating mechanisms maintained these genetic differences. Both lineages occur in the Entiat River, a system where anthropogenic activity has changed habitat, flows, species composition, and the distribution of the two lineages over the past century. We examined the spatial and temporal overlap in spawning distributions between Entiat River spring and summer Chinook Salmon and we used genetic markers to assess the level of introgression between lineages. Redd surveys were conducted from 2003 to 2017 to describe spatial and temporal spawning patterns of both lineages. We genotyped sub-yearling juvenile Chinook Salmon captured in the Entiat River from 2009–2014 at 90 SNP loci to determine lineage and hybridization status. There was temporal overlap in spawning between lineages in several years and considerable spatial overlap in redd locations annually. Genetic analysis revealed hybridization between lineages does occur, albeit at relatively low rates (2.6% of sub-yearling juveniles genotyped). We detected hybrids each year samples were collected and they were distributed throughout the Entiat River basin. Hybridization between lineages of Chinook Salmon could result in introgression and a loss of genetic diversity between the lineages, and/or, a loss of production by ESA-listed spring Chinook Salmon. The presence of hybrids warrants concern for ESA-listed spring Chinook Salmon in both the Entiat River system and throughout the upper Columbia River basin.</p>
Data from: Sonar estimation of summer chum and pink salmon in the Anvik River, Alaska, 2018
Dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) was used to estimate adult summer chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and pink salmon O. gorbuscha passage in the Anvik River from June 15 to July 26, 2018. Apportionment to species was determined using data collected from tower counts. A total of 305,098 (SE 5,926) summer chum and 1,122,346 (SE 7,588) pink salmon were estimated to have passed the sonar site. A beach seine sample fishery was conducted to collect age, sex, and length information. Both sonar systems functioned well with minimal interruptions to operation. Range of ensonification was considered adequate for most fish that migrated upstream.
Escapement and ASL data of salmon in the Salcha River, Alaska
<p>This data was collected as part of the AKSSF funding #4634 awarded to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Sportfish division in Region III. The Salcha River, located outside of Fairbanks, Alaska, is home to the largest spawning population of Chinook salmon in the U.S. portion of the Yukon River drainage. Tower techniques were used in the Salcha River to establish an escapement estimate and carcass surveys were conducted to collect age, sex and length data to assess run compositions. The data in this spreadsheet includes separate tabs for daily passage estimates with uncertainty and final estimate for each year of the project (2017-2019) and a single tab with all years of the data collected during carcass surveys. The citiation for the operational plan for this project is below:</p> <p>Stuby, L., and M. Tyers. 2016. Chinook salmon escapement in the Chena, Salcha, and Goodpaster Rivers and coho salmon escapement in the Delta Clearwater River, 2015. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fishery Data Series No. 16-45, Anchorage.</p> <p>Matter, A. N., and M. Tyers. 2019. Chinook salmon escapement in the Chena and Salcha Rivers and Coho salmon escapement in the Delta Clearwater River, 2019-2023. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Regional Operational Plan ROP.SF.3F.2019.03, Anchorage.</p>
Salmon on the lam: Drivers of escaped farmed fish abundance in rivers
<p>Abstract:</p> <ol> <li>The production of Atlantic salmon in aquaculture has grown substantially over the last 40 years. The unintentional release of domesticated salmon poses a significant risk to the long-term persistence of wild Atlantic salmon populations through ecological interactions and genetic introgression. Our ability to link aquaculture production to farmed escaped salmon in rivers is still limited and hinders identifying the appropriate production capacity of salmon aquaculture to reduce unwanted interactions between wild and escaped Atlantic salmon. </li> <li>Here, we use a 14-year dataset of farmed escapee abundance in rivers to model how the a priori selected covariables of wild salmon abundance, aquaculture intensity, river discharge, hydropower, and fjord placement of the river affects escapee abundance across 54 rivers in western Norway. Then, we evaluate the predictive strength of the model to provide context for its use to minimize escapees. </li> <li>We found that the abundance of farmed escaped Atlantic salmon in rivers is correlated to aquaculture intensity. Furthermore, the abundance of wild Atlantic salmon, mean yearly discharge, and the interaction between fjord placement and wild salmon abundance were important predictors of escapee abundance in rivers. </li> <li>The model was 40% accurate when predicting the abundance of farmed escaped salmon in rivers. However, the accuracy improved to 75% when using risk categories derived from modeled intrusion rates that induced long-term genetic changes to the wild population (low < 4%, medium 4 – 10%, and high > 10% escaped farmed salmon).</li> <li><em>Synthesis and applications: </em>This study links aquaculture production, at relevant spatiotemporal scales (75 km from rivers), to the abundance of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon in rivers, and provides governmental agencies with a tool to help regulate domesticated salmon production based on the carrying capacity of the system to buffer against introgression between conspecifics. Furthermore, understanding this relationship will be beneficial when establishing new aquaculture sites in pristine ecosystems where they would overlap with wild Atlantic salmon. Finally, future mitigation efforts should continue to focus on new technologies (e.g., triploid females) that can eliminate the risk of introgression without limiting aquaculture production.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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