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31 results for “Salmon hybrids”
Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
Feral animals represent an important problem in many ecosystems due to interbreeding with wild conspecifics. Hybrid offspring from wild and domestic parents are often less adapted to local environment and ultimately, can reduce the fitness of the native population. This problem is an important concern in Norway, where each year, hundreds of thousands of farm Atlantic salmon escape from fish farms. Feral fish outnumber wild populations, leading to a possible loss of local adaptive genetic variation and erosion of genetic structure in wild populations. Studying the genetic factors underlying relative performance between wild and domesticated conspecific can help to better understand how domestication modifies the genetic background of populations, and how it may alter their ability to adapt to the natural environment. Here, based upon a large-scale release of wild, farm and wild x farm salmon crosses into a natural river system, a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan was performed on the offspring of 50 full-sib families, for traits related to fitness (length, weight, condition factor and survival). Six QTLs were detected as significant contributors to the phenotypic variation of the first three traits, explaining collectively between 9.8 and 14.8% of the phenotypic variation. The seventh QTL had a significant contribution to the variation in survival, and is regarded as a key factor to understand the fitness variability observed among salmon in the river. Interestingly, strong allelic correlation within one of the QTL regions in farmed salmon might reflect a recent selective sweep due to artificial selection.
Data from: Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing panel development and application for high-resolution monitoring of introgressive hybridization within sockeye salmon
<p>Stocking programs have been widely implemented to re-establish extirpated fish species to their historical ranges; when employed in species with complex life histories, such management activities should include careful consideration of resulting hybridization dynamics with resident stocks and corresponding outcomes on recovery initiatives. Genetic monitoring can be instrumental for quantifying the extent of introgression over time, however, conventional markers typically have limited power for the identification of advanced hybrid classes, especially at the intra-specific level. Here, we demonstrate a workflow for developing, evaluating, and deploying a Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing (GT-seq) SNP panel with the power to detect advanced hybrid classes to assess the extent and trajectory of intra-specific hybridization, using the sockeye salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus nerka)</em> stocking program in Skaha Lake, British Columbia, as a case study. Previous analyses detected significant levels of hybridization between the anadromous (sockeye) and freshwater resident (kokanee) forms of <em>O. nerka</em>, but were restricted to assigning individuals to pure-stock or "hybrid". Simulation analyses indicated our GT-seq panel had high accuracy, efficiency and power (> 94.5%) of assignment to pure-stock sockeye salmon/kokanee, F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, and B<sub>2</sub> backcross-sockeye/kokanee. Re-analysis of 2016/2017 spawners previously analyzed using TaqMan<span> </span>assays and otolith microchemistry revealed shifts in assignment of some hybrids to adjacent pure-stock or B<sub>2</sub>-backcross classes, while new assignment of 2019 spawners revealed hybrids comprised 31% of the population, ~74% of which were B<sub>2</sub>-backcross or F<sub>2</sub>. Overall, the GT-seq panel development workflow presented here could be applied to virtually any system where genetic stock identification and intra-specific hybridization are important management parameters.</p>
Data from: Identification of quantitative genetic components of fitness variation in farmed, hybrid and native salmon in the wild
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Incomplete reproductive isolation and strong transcriptomic signature of hybridization between sympatric sister species of salmon
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Data from: Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing panel development and application for high-resolution monitoring of introgressive hybridization within sockeye salmon
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Data from: Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment
Farmed fish are typically genetically different from wild conspecifics. Escapees from fish farms may contribute one-way gene flow from farm to wild gene pools, which can depress population productivity, dilute local adaptations and disrupt coadapted gene complexes. Here, we reanalyse data from two experiments (McGinnity et al., 1997, 2003) where performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) progeny originating from experimental crosses between farm and wild parents (in three different cohorts) were measured in a natural stream under common garden conditions. Previous published analyses focussed on group-level differences but did not account for pedigree structure, as we do here using modern mixed-effect models. Offspring with one or two farm parents exhibited poorer survival in their first and second year of life compared with those with two wild parents and these group-level inferences were robust to excluding outlier families. Variation in performance among farm, hybrid and wild families was generally similar in magnitude. Farm offspring were generally larger at all life stages examined than wild offspring, but the differences were moderate (5–20%) and similar in magnitude in the wild versus hatchery environments. Quantitative genetic analyses conducted using a Bayesian framework revealed moderate heritability in juvenile fork length and mass and positive genetic correlations (>0.85) between these morphological traits. Our study confirms (using more rigorous statistical techniques) previous studies showing that offspring of wild fish invariably have higher fitness and contributes fresh insights into family-level variation in performance of farm, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in the wild. It also adds to a small, but growing, number of studies that estimate key evolutionary parameters in wild salmonid populations. Such information is vital in modelling the impacts of introgression by escaped farm salmon.
Data from: Extensive hybridization following a large escape of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic
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Data from: Extensive hybridization following a large escape of domesticated Atlantic salmon in the Northwest Atlantic
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Data from: Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment
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Differences in transcription levels among wild, domesticated, and hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two environments
GEO Series GSE30555. Oncorhynchus mykiss; Salmo salar. 96 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Distinct early-life stage gene expression effects of hybridization among European and North American farmed and wild Atlantic salmon populations
GEO Series GSE184425. Salmo salar. 36 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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