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250 results for “Salt Stress”
Figure 4. Chlorophyll b in Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress
Figure 4. Chlorophyll b content (A) and electrolyte leakage (B) in Italian zucchini plants nourished with different forms of nitrogen and irrigated with saline waters. Means followed by different letters indicate significant difference by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level.
Figure 3 in Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress
Figure 3. Accumulation of sodium (Na+) (A), sodium/potassium ratio (Na+/K+) (B), sodium/calcium ratio (Na+/Ca++) (C and D) and sodium/ magnesium ratio (Na+/Mg++) (E and F) in Italian zucchini plants nourished with different forms of nitrogen and irrigated with saline waters. Means followed by different letters indicate significant difference by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. * and ns - Significant at 0.05 probability level (p<0.05) and not significant (p>0.05), respectively.
Figure 1 in Ionic homeostasis, biochemical components and yield of Italian zucchini under nitrogen forms and salt stress
Figure 1. Accumulation of nitrogen - N (A), phosphorus - P (B), potassium - K (C), calcium - Ca (D) and magnesium - Mg (E) in Italian zucchini plants fertilized with different forms of nitrogen and irrigated with saline water. Means followed by different letters indicate significant difference by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level.
Salt stress responses in 9 Arabidopsis accessions
<p>The dataset is used as an example dataset for the MVApp, previously published the results in Awlia et al., 2016 Frontiers in Plant Science.</p>
Haplotype analysis of GWAS candidates identified for root:shoot ratio changes under salt stress in Arabidopsis
<p>The haplotype analysis was performed on 7 loci identified through GWAS by Magdalena Julkowska, while she was a PostDoc at KAUST, Saudi Arabia, workin in the lab of Dr. Mark Tester.</p>
Data for: Effects of parental age on salt stress tolerance in an aquatic plant
<p>Parental age influences components of offspring fitness in many species. The ability to tolerate stress also affects fitness, but less is known regarding changes in offspring stress tolerance with increasing parental age, especially in plants. We examined first and fifth-born clonal offspring (using birth order as a proxy for parental age), and compared their fitness in several sub-lethal concentrations of salt (NaCl), to investigate the interactive effects of birth order and salt stress on the offspring of the aquatic plant <em>Lemna minor </em>L. We found that increasing salt concentration reduced reproduction particularly at early ages, which detrimentally affected fitness, as measured by the intrinsic rate of natural increase. Fifth offspring had greater fitness than first offspring, potentially due to the hump-shaped relationship between offspring fitness and birth order observed in other studies on <em>Lemna</em>, with fifth offspring near the peak of the hump. We found no interactive effect of birth order and salt concentration on offspring fitness; however, there were interactive effects on the time to first reproduction and the size of fronds. Specifically, first offspring exposed to increasing salt concentrations exhibited longer delays to first reproduction and grew to a greater size, while fifth offspring showed little change in either variable with increasing salt concentration. Thus, variation in birth order affected offspring response to salt stress, although not in terms of fitness. These results help illuminate factors impacting the age-specific strength of natural selection and stress responses, and may be environmentally relevant in the context of environmental salinization.</p>
Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
<p><em>Premise of Research</em></p> <p>Organisms that reproduce asexually must respond to abiotic stresses in their environment while contending with the potential disadvantage of the reduced ability for genetic variation through recombination. Common duckweed (<em>Lemna minor</em>) is an aquatic plant that reproduces predominantly asexually through the budding of ramets. As a freshwater plant, duckweed experiences stress from salt (e.g., NaCl), which detrimentally affects growth, photosynthesis, and cellular processes. We took a demographic approach to examine whether ancestral exposure to salt stress affects the ability of duckweed offspring to tolerate immediate exposure to the same stress.</p> <p><em>Methodology</em></p> <p>We placed three consecutive clonal generations of duckweed in an environment with 2 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (non-lethal salt stress) or 0 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (control), followed by an additional 0-3 generations in the control environment to vary the presence and schedule of ancestral stress. After these treatments, we used the offspring produced as focal plants for the experiment. Half were placed into the salt-stress environment, and half were placed in control conditions, and focal plants were tracked longitudinally.</p> <p><em>Pivotal Results</em></p> <p>Immediate stress decreased fitness, due to a slowing of reproduction, suggesting a cost of stress tolerance. The effects of ancestral stress, and the interaction of immediate and ancestral stress, were more complex. Specifically, recent ancestral stress induced plants to produce offspring more quickly, but with the potential cost of lowered offspring quality.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>Our results amplify findings that responses to, and fitness consequences of, current stressors can be contingent on past exposure.</p>
Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
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Data for: Effects of parental age on salt stress tolerance in an aquatic plant
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GWAS output for early salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions
<p>The output of the Genome Wide Association Study for early responses to salt stress in Arabidopsis accessions. The "_gwas2029.rda" files contain associations found for each trait using single models, where the first part of file name describes the phenotype (e.g. ROUNDNESS), the first number describes the day after stress application, the subsequent C/S indicated whether the association was performed with the trait scored at Control / Salt Stress conditions respectively. The "mtmm_final.rda" files contain the associations found between two traits, indicated as above in the first part of the file name. </p>
Dynamic physiological and transcriptome changes reveal a po-tential relationship between the circadian clock and salt stress response in Ulmus pumila
<p>Despite the important role the circadian clock plays in numerous critical physiological responses in plants, such as hypocotyl elongation, leaf movement, stomatal opening, flowering, and stress responses, there have been no investigations into the effect of the circadian clock on physiological and transcriptional networks under salt stress. <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L.—a major tree species used for timber, shelter, food, medicine, fodder, and ecological protection—has been reported to tolerate 100~150 mM NaCl treatment. We performed a time-course physiological and transcriptome analysis of 2-years-old <em>U. pumila</em> seedlings under salt treatment to dissect the physiological regulation and potential relationship between the circadian clock and the salt stress response. Seedlings in 150 mM NaCl treatment exhibited salt-induced physiological enhancement compared to the control group. A total of 7,009 unigenes were identified under salt stress, of which 283 unigenes were identified as circadian rhythm genes and 16 unigenes were differentially expressed (circadian rhythm-related DEGs). Further analysis of dynamic expression changes revealed that DEGs involved in four crucial pathways—photosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, abscisic acid synthesis and metabolism, and the hormone-MAPK signal crosstalk pathway—are closely related to the circadian clock. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between the circadian clock and these four crucial pathways. Our results help shed light on the molecular link between the circadian clock and salt stress tolerance in <em>U. pumila</em>.</p>
Data from: Local adaptation for enhanced salt tolerance reduces non-adaptive plasticity caused by osmotic stress
Organisms often respond to environmental change via phenotypic plasticity, where an individual modulates its phenotype according to the environment. Highly variable or changing environments can exceed physiological limits and generate maladapted plastic phenotypes, which is termed non-adaptive plasticity. In some cases, selection may reduce the negative or disruptive impacts of environmental stress and produce locally adapted populations. Salt is an increasingly prevalent contaminant of freshwater systems and can induce non-adaptive plastic phenotypes for freshwater organisms like amphibians. Hyla cinerea is a frog species with populations inhabiting brackish, coastal habitats, so we use this species to test whether coastal populations are locally adapted to tolerate saltwater by determining how salt exposure during the embryonic and larval stages alters mortality and plastic developmental and metamorphic phenotypes of coastal and inland populations. Coastal frogs have higher survival, faster growth rates, and metamorphose sooner than inland frogs across salinities. Coastal frogs also metamorphose smaller (likely a consequence of earlier metamorphosis) yet maintain constant size, while higher salinities reduce metamorphic size for inland frogs. Coastal frogs evolved to minimize non-adaptive and disruptive impacts of saltwater during larval development and accelerate the larval period to reduce time spent in a stressful environment.
Data/code from: Long-term data reveal that grazer density mediates climatic stress in salt marshes
<p>Understanding how climate and local stressors interact is paramount for predicting future ecosystem structure. The effects of stressors are often examined in small-scale and short-term field experiments, limiting understanding of the spatial and temporal generality of the findings. Using a 22-year observational dataset of plant and grazer abundance in a Southeastern US salt marsh, we analyzed how changes in drought and snail density combined to affect plant biomass. We found: (1) increased drought severity and higher snail density both correlated with lower plant biomass; (2) drought and snail effects interacted additively; and, (3) snail effects had a threshold, with additive top-down effects only occurring when snails were present at high densities. These results suggest that the emergence of multiple stressor effects can be density-dependent, and they validate short-term experimental evidence that consumers can exacerbate environmental stress. These findings have important implications for predicting future ecosystem structure and managing natural ecosystems.</p><p>The data and code included here can be used to replicate all analyses and figures in our manuscript.</p>
Lateral Root Development in Two Tomato Accessions under Salt Stress
<p>The images of growing tomato seedlings were collected using SPIRO setup by Maryam Rahmati-Ishka every 30 minutes. However, as our automated script did not work for quantifying the lateral roots, Magda Julkowska traced the roots manually - for images collected every 60 minutes. </p> <p>The data was collected over 4 experiments, for two tomato genotypes: M248 - S. pimpinellifolium - wild tomato - salt tolerant - maintains the LR emergence under salt stress; and LA1511 - S. lycopersicum - cultivated tomato - salt tolerant - maintains the LR elongation under salt stress. </p>
GWAS on salt stress responses in root system architecture parameters of wild tomato (S. pimpinellifolium)
<p>The population of +/2 200 accessions of wild tomato was screened with the protocol described <a href="https://www.protocols.io/view/studying-root-system-architecture-changes-in-tomat-2mqgc5w">here</a> with the only exception that the plants were transferred 4 days after germination (rather than 3 - described in the protocol). The images were analyzed using the <a href="https://smartroot.github.io/">SmartRoot</a> for days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 after transfer to treatment plates (0 or 100 mM NaCl, 1/4 MS, 0.5% sucrose, 0.1% MES, 1% Dashin agar). The data analysis was performed as described <a href="https://rpubs.com/mjulkowska/BIGpimp_RSA_salt">here</a>, while the pareto front calculations were done according to Chandrasekhar & Julkowska paper (<a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456185v1">preprint here</a>). The GWAS was performed using the ASReml script similar to <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tpj.15310">Awlia et al. (2021)</a>. </p>
Data to: The importance of ecotype diversity on duckweed growth with and without salt stress
<p>To test if ecotype diversity could increase resistance to stressful environments, I used seven <em>Lemna minor</em> populations and measured their growth rates with and without moderate salt stress across an ecotype diversity gradient.</p> <p>The <em>L. minor</em> populations were grown over five months in 92 experimental mesocosms in a glasshouse, either in ecotype monocultures or in polyculture with either one or three conspecific ecotypes (23 unique compositions). After growing the duckweed in unperturbed conditions (phase 1), the cultures were subjected to moderate salt stress (50mM NaCl) for several weeks (phase 2). The experiment was conducted in the presence of the natural epimicrobial community associated with the different ecotypes. In phase 2, a subset of these algae added an unintentional second stressor to the experiment.</p>
Data from: Local adaptation for enhanced salt tolerance reduces non-adaptive plasticity caused by osmotic stress
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Deciphering salt stress responses in Solanum pimpinellifolium through high-throughput phenotyping
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High-throughput phenotyping of salt-stress responses of the selected Arabidopsis hormone mutants
<p>This data was collected using Hight Throughput Phenotyping machine (psi.cz) purchased by KAUST in January 2018. The plants were germinated and grown under 12/12 light/dark light regime, 22C, 60% humidity for two weeks. After two weeks, half of the plants were exposed to approximately 100 mM NaCl (protocol described in Awlia et al., 2016, Frontiers in Plant Sci, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01414">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01414</a>). The rosettes of the plants were subsequently phenotyped using the Thermal Camera, RGB, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence camera (in this order). Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured after 15 minutes of dark adaptation using the "LightCurve2" protocol. </p> <p>The description of the traits is available in the notebook available at <a href="https://github.com/mmjulkowska/PSI_notebook">https://github.com/mmjulkowska/PSI_notebook</a> </p>
Scented warnings: Exploring basil's volatile response to salt stress
<p>A Data Availability Statement</p>
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