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51 results for “Sepsidae”
FIGURES 5–8 in Contribution to the fauna of the genus Meroplius Rondani, 1874 (Diptera, Sepsidae) of the Australasian/ Oceanian region
FIGURES 5–8. Meroplius fasciculatus (Brunetti) (5, 6) and M. timikana sp. nov. (7, 8): 5, 7—epandrium, cerci and surstyli, dorsal view; 6, 8—same, lateral view.
Fig. 1 in New information on the evolution of mating behaviour in Sepsidae (Diptera) and the cost of male copulations in Saltella sphondylii
Fig. 1 Evolution of behavioural characters modified from Puniamoorthy et al. (2009) on the phylogenetic tree of Sepsidae based on the molecular data from Puniamoorthy et al. (2008) and Su et al. (2008) (ACCTRAN: black symbols non-homoplasious; open symbols homoplasious changes)
PLATE 1 in Morphology and DNA sequences confirm the first Neotropical record for the Holarctic sepsid species Themira leachi (Meigen) (Diptera: Sepsidae)
PLATE 1. Morphology of Themira leachi from Cuba (photographed A–F; drawn M–R) and Europe (photographed G– L). Habitus: A, G; fore femoral modifications (anterior view): B, H; fore femoral modifications (posterior view): C, I; fore tibial modifications (anterior view): D, J; abdomen (lateral view, sternite bristles removed): E, K, N; abdomen (ventral view, sternite bristles removed): F, L, M; fore-femur (anterior view): O; fore-tibia (anterior view): P; hypopygium (dorsal view, setulation omitted): Q; 4th sternite (dorsal view): R. Scale bars for A, G: 1mm; B–D and H–J: 0.1mm; E, F, K, L: 0.5mm
FIGURE 1 in An introduced species, though remarkable: first record of Sepsidae (Diptera Schizophora) from Chile
FIGURE 1. Sepsis punctum (Fabricius), habitus. A. Male, Chile, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca. B. Female, Chile, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Termas Aguas Calientes.
FIGURE 2 in An introduced species, though remarkable: first record of Sepsidae (Diptera Schizophora) from Chile
FIGURE 2. Sepsis punctum (Fabricius), male, Chile, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca. A. Fore femur, anterior view. B. Same, posterior view. C. Head and thorax, dorsal view. D. Thoracic pleura, lateral view. E. Wing. F. Male terminalia, lateral view. G. Same, ventral view.
Data from: Climatic factors shape plastic trade-offs in the polyphenic black scavenger fly Sepsis thoracica (Diptera: Sepsidae)
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Data from: Differential investment in pre- versus post-copulatory sexual selection reinforces a cross-continental reversal of sexual size dimorphism in Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae)
Theory predicts that males have a limited amount of resources to invest in reproduction, suggesting a trade-off between traits that enhance mate acquisition and those enhancing fertilization success. Here we investigate the relationship between pre- and post-copulatory investment by comparing the mating behavior and reproductive morphology of four European and five North American populations of the dung fly Sepsis punctum (Diptera) that display a reversal of sexual size dimorphism (SSD). We show that the geographic reversal in SSD between the continents (male-biased in Europe, female-biased in North America) is accompanied by differential investment in pre- versus post-copulatory traits. We find higher re-mating rates in European populations, where larger males acquire more matings and consequently have evolved relatively larger testes and steeper hyper-allometry with body size. American populations, in sharp contrast, display much reduced, if any, effect of body size on those traits. Instead, North American males demonstrate an increased investment in mate acquisition prior to copulation, with more mounting attempts and a distinctive abdominal courtship display that is completely absent in Europe. When controlling for body size, relative female spermathecal size is similar on both continents, so we find no direct evidence for the co-evolution of male and female internal reproductive morphology. By comparing allopatric populations of the same species that apparently have evolved different mating systems and consequently SSD, we thus indirectly demonstrate differential investment in pre- vs. post-copulatory mechanisms increasing reproductive success.
Data from: Analysing small insect glands with UV-LDI MS: high-resolution spatial analysis reveals the chemical composition and use of the osmeterium secretion in Themira superba (Sepsidae: Diptera)
For many insect species, pheromones are important communication tools, but chemical analysis and experimental study can be technically challenging because they require the detection and handling of complex chemicals in small quantities. One drawback of traditional mass spectrometry methods such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry is that whole-body extractions from one to several hundred individuals are required, with the consequence that intra- and interindividual differences cannot be detected. Here, we used the recently introduced UV-LDI MS (ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) to profile the 'osmeterium' of the sepsid fly Themira superba that is located on the edge of the hind tibia of males. Based on analyses of individual legs, we established that the gland produced a secretion that consisted of oxygenated hydrocarbons and putative isoprenoids. The secretion was first detected 24 h after eclosion, and its transfer to the wings of females during mating was demonstrated using UV-LDI MS. We then tested whether the secretion had an anti-aphrodisiac function, but experimental transfer of the secretion to virgin females did not affect mating success or copulation duration. Throughout the study, UV-LDI MS proved invaluable, because it allowed tracking the natural and experimental transfer of small quantities of pheromones to specific body parts of small flies.
Figure 1 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 1 - Key views and structures of Perochaeta orientalis, Male. A Habitus, lateral view B Pleural microtomensity pattern; (white = smooth, light grey = lightly microtomentose, dark grey = heavily microtomentose) C Rear tibia, with focus on osomterium D Basal section of wing showing microtrichosity pattern (white=smooth, light grey=with microtrichia) E Whole abdomen, ventral view F Sternite appendage G Hypopygium, dorsal view H Phallus, right, ventral and left views; red arrow indicates basal spiny flap. Scale bars = 0.5mm unless otherwise stated.
Figure 3 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 3 - Additional views for Perochaeta orientalis, Male (MA-MF) and Female (FA-FE). M and F prefixes refer to male and female specimen respectively. A Habitus, dorsal view (sans wings) B head and thorax, ventral view C Head capsule, anterior view D Head capsule, posterior view E Thorax, posterior view F (male only)–Rear tibia, dorsal view showing osmeterium. Scale bars = 0.5mm unless otherwise stated.
Figure 2 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 2 - Key views and structures of Perochaeta orientalis, Female. A Habitus, lateral view B Whole abdomen, ventral view C Abdominal posterior, ventral view D Same, lateral view E Same, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.5mm.
Figure 7 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 7 - Illustration of Archisepsis phallus, as reproduced from Eberhard and Huber (1998). Red arrow indicates region that may be homologous to the basal spiny flap in Perochaeta orientalis.
Figure 4 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 4 - Images of holotype (A, B) and drawing (C) from description for Perochaeta orientalis, male. A Image of habitus, lateral view B Image of hypopygium, dorsal view; red arrow pointing to the median protrusion on the surstylus C Drawing of abdominal posterior (lateral view) as reproduced from Duda (1926); red arrow 1 shows how illustration has fused the two setae into one, red arrow 2 shows how the drawing fails to display the median protrusion as seen in Fig. 1G.
Figure 5 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 5 - Hypopygia, sternite appendages and anepimeral + greater ampullal microtrichosity of the five other Perochaeta: Perochaeta cuirassa (CA-CC), Perochaeta dikowi (DA-DC), Perochaeta exilis (EA-EC), Perochaeta hennigi (HA-HC) and Perochaeta lobo (LA-LC); adapted from Ang and Meier (2008; Perochaeta cuirassa and Perochaeta lobo), Ang et al. (2008; Perochaeta dikowi), Iwasa (2011; Perochaeta exilis) and Ozerov (1992; Perochaeta hennigi). Suffixes refer to: A sternite appendage, left side ventral view B hypopygium, right side dorsal view C Surstylus, lateral view D Anepimeron + greater ampulla [image not available for Perochaeta hennigi (prefix H)]. Perochaeta lobo (prefix L) has a similar anepimeral microtrichosity as Perochaeta cuirassa (CD). Scale bars = 0.5mm.
Figure 6 from: Meier R, Ang Y, Wong L (2013) Using seemingly unnecessary illustrations to improve the diagnostic usefulness of descriptions in taxonomy–a case study on Perochaeta orientalis (Diptera, Sepsidae). ZooKeys 355: 9-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.355.6013
Figure 6 - Copulatory profile for Perochaeta orientalis, as described in Section 2 (Copulation). Horizontal bars in graph indicate point in time (X-axis) where then the particular behaviour (Y-axis) is performed. The profile begins from when the male mounts the female, and ends when they begin to separate (total time = 72m 30s).
Figure 1 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 1 - Surstyli (dorsal view) for male Themira biloba (A) and Themira "biloba-like" (B). Red arrows indicate basal process on left surstylus; green arrow for basal process on right surstylus.
Figure 3 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 3 - Adult female (A–H), showing lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of habitus (sans abdomen), anterior (C) and ventral (D) views of head capsule, anterior and posterior views of fore leg (E), mid leg (F) and rear leg (G), and ventral view of abdomen (H).
Figure 2 from: Ang Y, Rajaratnam G, Su KFY, Meier R (2017) Hidden in the urban parks of New York City: Themira lohmanus, a new species of Sepsidae described based on morphology, DNA sequences, mating behavior, and reproductive isolation (Sepsidae, Diptera). ZooKeys 698: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.698.13411
Figure 2 - Adult male (A–M), showing lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views of habitus, anterior (C) and ventral (D) views of head capsule, anterior and posterior views of fore leg (E), mid leg (F) and rear leg (G); ventral view of abdomen (H) showing modified 4th sternites; anterior (I), dorsal (J), left (K) and right (L) views of hypopygium, as well as various views of the penis (M).
FIGURES 3–4 in Contribution to the fauna of the genus Meroplius Rondani, 1874 (Diptera, Sepsidae) of the Australasian/ Oceanian region
FIGURES 3–4. Meroplius fasciculatus (Brunetti) (3) and M. timikana sp. nov. (4), male sternite 4.
Figure 4 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 4 Number of individuals of seven common sepsid species as a function of dung age (in hours (h)). While S.cynipsea, flavimana and orthocnemis are disproportionally often observed on fresh dung, S.duplicata and Saltellasphondylii gain in relative abundance over time. (Note the different scaling of the y-axes; data from Püchel 1993; S.duplicata data only qualitative.)
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