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58 results for “Sex pheromone;”
Fig. 1 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Females Can Detect the Sex Pheromone Emitted by Conspecific Females
Fig. 1. (A) Virgin female abdomen 3 to 5 d old Spodoptera frugiperda females, black circle is location of sex pheromone gland; (B) sex pheromone-producing gland in female S. frugiperda.
Fig. 4 in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Females Can Detect the Sex Pheromone Emitted by Conspecific Females
Fig. 4. Male (white bars) and female (gray bars) Spodoptera frugiperda caught by traps with sex pheromone septa (Q1 <Median <Q3). Different letters for Trap 1, Trap 2, Trap 3, or Trap 4 indicate significant differences (Mann-Whitney Test U; n = 34; P <0.05).
Figs. 5-7 in A pair of basi-abdominal sex pheromone glands in the male of some burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
Figs. 5-7. Paraethus capicola (Westwood, 1837) (Geotomini), cuticular structure of the male basi-abdominal glands. 5 – general view of the glands; scale bar: 0.5 mm. 6 – detail of the tripartite ductules of the secretory units; scale bar: 0.02 mm. 7 – detail of the intima at the level of the efferent canal connecting the reservoir to the external opening; scale bar: 0.02 mm. Abbreviations: cc – conducting canal; ci – cone-shaped invagination; du – ductule; ef – efferent canal; lu – lumen; os – ostiole; r – reservoir; rc – receiving canal; sa – saccule.
Figs. 1-4 in A pair of basi-abdominal sex pheromone glands in the male of some burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae)
Figs. 1-4. Paraethus capicola (Westwood, 1837) (Geotomini), location of the male basi-abdominal glands. 1 – male adult in lateral view showing the site of the external opening of the glands and surrounding structures: stridulatory apparatus (plectrum and stridulitrum), anterior dorso-abdominal glands and metathoracic glands; scale bar: 5 mm. 2 – detail of the abdomen and location of the PBA gland ostiole; scale bar: 2 mm. 3 – internal view of the abdominal tergum, showing place of PBA glands and surrounding structures; scale bar: 2 mm. 4 – detail of the external opening on the pleural area in front of the sternite 3 and laterotergite 3, internal view; scale bar: 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: ap – apodeme; DAg – anterior dorso-abdominal gland; Lt – laterotergite; Mt – mediotergite; MTg – metathoracic gland; PBAg – pleuro basi-abdominal gland (ostiole); os – ostiole; pl – plectrum; S – sternite; sp – spiracle; se – setae; st – stridulitrum; tr – trichobothries; v – vestiges of the median and posterior dorso-abdominal glands.
Development of Multi-component Non-Sex Pheromone Blends to Monitor both Sexes of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
<p>Raw data of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) captures by using blends of Volatile Organic Compounds in ternary and quaternary combinations (3- and 4-compoment lures) in USA during 2019.</p>
Dataset for Identification of giant hornet, Vespa mandarinia, queen sex pheromone components
<p>The Vespidae are a diverse family of wasps and hornets that contain invasive species and are formidable predators of insects, including social bees. Recently, the world’s largest hornet, <em>Vespa mandarinia</em> Smith(Hymenoptera: Vespidae), which occurs naturally in the Indomalayan region, has been found in Canada and United States. Some simulations indicate it could rapidly spread throughout Washington, Oregon, and parts of the eastern USA, threaten native bees and honey bees, and harm bee-pollinated crop production worth nearly $12 million annually. There is consequently an urgent need to learn more about <em>V. mandarinia</em>’s reproductive biology and to develop trapping methods to locate its nests and control its reproduction. We identified <em>V. mandarinia</em> queen-produced sex pheromone from the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> intersegmental sternal glands of virgin queens. The major active compounds were hexanoic acid (HA), octanoic acid (OA) and decanoic acid (DA). When placed in field traps, the synthetic compounds and a queen-equivalent mixture rapidly attracted hundreds of males. This dataset provides the data used in this paper.</p>
Geographic variation of sex pheromone of oriental armyworm Mythimna separata associated with overwintering sites and migration
<p>In China, the sex pheromone component of the oriental armyworm has always been considered to be cis-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald), but inconsistent and confused results have been found in practical use in the field trapping throughout the country. We confirmed two types of sex pheromones in the oriental armyworm by extract and analysis of pheromone gland from single female moth. The EAG results show that there are two types of male moths collected in the field. One type has strong EAG response to Z11-16:Ald but weak to Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH, and the other type has strong responses to Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH but weak response to Z11-16:Ald. Therefore, two types of mixtures have been evaluated in several locations from South to North China in the last several years. One mixture is composed of key component Z11-16:Ald, and other isomers. cis 11-hexadecenol (Z11-16:OH) has been found to be an inhibitor, and hexadecanal has no synergistic effect. Another is a mixture of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) and Z11-16:OH. The most optimal ratio was found to be 8:2. It is mainly composed of Z11-16:Ac and Z11-16:OH in Guangdong. This blend was also found active in the coastal areas such as Zhejiang, Guangdong and Hainan in spring, but both blends are attractive in autumn. Basically one of the two or mixed are attractive in other locations, which depends on the locations. Therefore, it is inferred that the sex pheromone composition of the oriental armyworm is related to climatic and geographical locations, and there are differences in different years. Therefore, the monitoring of the oriental armyworm needs to be employed by two blends at the same time in China.</p>
Fig. 1 in Reproductive behavior and sex pheromone production in Eutectona machaeralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Fig. 1. Hourly emergence of Eutectona machaeralis adults in the laboratory during scotophase.
Fig. 2 in Response to enantiomers of (Z3Z9)-6,7-epoxy-octadecadiene, sex pheromone component of Ectropis obliqua Prout (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): electroantennagram test, field trapping, and in silico study
Fig. 2. Field trial of Ectropis obliqua Prout. (A) Water pan trap; (B) male moths captured.
Increasing catches of adult moth pests (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit with low-intensity LED lights added to sex pheromone / kairomone lure-baited traps.
<p>Raw data of field studies trapping different tortricid pest species with pheromone/kairomone lures and LED lights added to the traps.</p>
Host plant odour and sex pheromone are integral to mate finding in codling moth
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Males perceive honest information from female released sex pheromone in a moth
<p>There is accumulating evidence that male insects advertise their quality to conspecific females through pheromones. However, most studies of female released sex pheromone assume information transfer regarding merely the species of the female and her mating status. We show that more and precise information is conveyed through the female sex pheromone, positioning it as an honest sexual trait. We demonstrate that females in bad physical conditions (small, starved or old) lay significantly fewer eggs than females in good conditions (large, fed or young). The ratio of the sex pheromone blend in gland extracts of female pink bollworm moths accurately describes the female phenotypic condition whereas the pheromone amount in the glands fails to provide an honest signal of quality. Moreover, males use the female released pheromone blend to choose their mates and approach females that signal higher reproductive potential. In addition, surrogating the female effect, using synthetic pheromone blend that represents that of higher quality females (0.6:0.4 ZZ:ZE) more males were attracted to this blend than to the blend representing the population mean (0.5:0.5 ZZ:ZE). Both, female advertisement for males and the male choosiness, suggest that pheromones have evolved as sexual traits under directional, sexual selection.</p>
The host-feeding choice of early-instar Mythimna separata larvae can be regulated by female-released sex pheromone
<p>Insect<strong> </strong>sex pheromones are important chemical signals in sexual communication, they are traditionally thought to be inactive to larvae. However, it was found that some lepidopteran larvae can be significantly attracted by sex pheromones of the same species in a food context. Here we reported that the host-feeding choice of early-instar <em>Mythimna separata</em> larvae can be effectively regulated by the sex pheromone component (<em>Z</em>)-11-hexadecenal (<em>Z</em>11-16: Ald). Further exploration revealed that two olfactory proteins, <em>M. separata</em> general odorant binding protein 2 (MsGOBP2) and olfactory receptor 3 (MsOR3), were molecular basis of the host-feeding choice regulation mediated by <em>Z</em>11-16: Ald. Silencing either <em>MsGOBP2</em> or <em>MsOR3 </em>led to a sharply reduced preference for <em>Z</em>11-16: Ald-spiked hosts. It is possible that the <em>Z</em>11-16: Ald-based preference of the <em>M. separata</em> larvae for host is governed by the interplay between MsGOBP2 and MsOR3. In the present research, the interactions between MsGOBP2 and <em>Z</em>11-16: Ald were also discussed using molecular dynamics-based approaches. Our research explored insight into the <em>Z</em>11-16: Ald-mediated host-feeding choice regulation of <em>M. separata</em> larvae, all the results would aid in developing olfaction-based methods for controlling pests in larval stage.</p>
Data for: Sex pheromone signal and stability covary with fitness
<p>If sexual signals are costly, covariance between signal expression and fitness is expected. Signal-fitness covariance is important, because it can contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation in signals that are under natural or sexual selection. Chemical signals, such as female sex pheromones in moths, have traditionally been assumed to be species-recognition signals, but their relationship with fitness is unclear. Here we test whether chemical, conspecific mate finding signals covary with fitness in the moth <i>Heliothis subflexa</i>. Additionally, as moth signals are synthesized <i>de novo</i> every night, the maintenance of the signal can be costly. Therefore, we also hypothesized that fitness covaries with signal stability (i.e., lack of temporal intra-individual variation). We measured among- and within-individual variation in pheromone characteristics as well as fecundity, fertility, and life span in two independent groups that differed in the time in between two pheromone samples. In both groups, we found fitness to be correlated with pheromone amount, composition, and stability, supporting both our hypotheses. This study is the first to report a correlation between fitness and sex pheromone composition in moths, supporting evidence of condition-dependence and highlighting how signal-fitness covariance may contribute to heritable variation in chemical signals both among and within individuals.</p>
Data for: Sex pheromone signal and stability covary with fitness
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Data from: Selection on male sex pheromone composition contributes to butterfly reproductive isolation
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Data from: The female sex pheromone of mulberry pyralid moth, <em>Glyphodes pyloalis</em> Walker and evaluation of its efficacy in laboratory and field conditions
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Males perceive honest information from female released sex pheromone in a moth
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Data from: A Drosophila female pheromone elicits species-specific long-range attraction via an olfactory channel with dual specificity for sex and food
Background: Mate finding and recognition in animals evolves during niche adaptation and involves social signals and habitat cues. Drosophila melanogaster and related species are known to be attracted to fermenting fruit for feeding and egg-laying, which poses the question of whether species-specific fly odours contribute to long-range premating communication. Results: We have discovered an olfactory channel in D. melanogaster with a dual affinity to sex and food odorants. Female flies release a pheromone, (Z)-4-undecenal (Z4-11Al), that elicits flight attraction in both sexes. Its biosynthetic precursor is the cuticular hydrocarbon (Z,Z)-7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), which is known to afford reproductive isolation between the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans during courtship. Twin olfactory receptors, Or69aB and Or69aA, are tuned to Z4-11Al and food odorants, respectively. They are co-expressed in the same olfactory sensory neurons, and feed into a neural circuit mediating species-specific, long-range communication; however, the close relative D. simulans, which shares food resources with D. melanogaster, does not respond to Z4-11Al. Conclusion: The Or69aA and Or69aB isoforms have adopted dual olfactory traits. The underlying gene yields a collaboration between natural and sexual selection, which has the potential to drive speciation.
Data from: Young male mating success is associated with sperm number but not with male sex pheromone titres
Background: Intraspecific communication is of crucial importance throughout the animal kingdom and may involve a combination of visual, gustatory, olfactory and acoustic cues. Variation in male sex pheromone amount and composition may convey important information to female conspecifics, for instance on species identity or age. However, whether increased male pheromone titres are associated with fitness benefits for the female, thus indicating a role as an honest signal, is under debate. Results: Against this background, we tested in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (1) whether young males being successful or unsuccessful in gaining a mating differed in sex pheromone titres and (2) for associations between male pheromone titres and spermatophore mass, eupyrene sperm number, and a variety of female and offspring life-history traits. Successful and unsuccessful males did not differ in pheromone titres, however eupyrene sperm number was much higher in successful males. Pheromone titres were not associated with any fitness-related female or offspring trait measured in our study, though correlation analyses yielded evidence for trade-offs among specific traits. Patterns did not differ among control and olfaction-blocked females. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that in young B. anynana pheromone titres do not indicate male quality.
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