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151 results for “Sexual behavior”
Vertically inherited microbiota and environment-modifying behaviors indirectly shape the exaggeration of secondary sexual traits in the gazelle dung beetle
<p><span>Many organisms actively manipulate the environment</span><span> in ways that have the potential to feed back on their own development, a process referred to as developmental niche construction</span><span>. Yet, </span><span>the role that constructed biotic and abiotic environments play in shaping phenotypic variation and its evolution is insufficiently understood. Here, we assess whether environmental modifications made by developing dung beetles impact the environment-sensitive expression of secondary sexual traits</span><span>.</span> <span>Larval gazelle dung beetles both physically modify their ontogenetic environment and structure their biotic interactions through the vertical inheritance of microbial symbionts. By experimentally eliminating i) physical environmental modifications, and ii) the vertical inheritance of microbes, we assess the degree to which (sym)biotic and physical environmental modifications shape the exaggeration of several traits </span><span>varying in their degree and direction of sexual dimorphism. We expected the experimental reduction of a larva's ability to shape its environment to affect trait size and scaling, especially for traits that are sexually dimorphic and environmentally plastic</span><span>. </span><span>We find that compromised developmental niche construction indeed shapes sexual dimorphism in overall body size and the absolute sizes of male-limited exaggerated head horns, the strongly sexually dimorphic fore tibia length and width, as well as the weakly dimorphic elytron length and width. This suggests that ontogenetic environmental modifications affect sex-specific phenotypic variation in functional traits. However, most of these effects can be attributed to nutrition-dependent plasticity in size and non-isometric trait scaling, rather than body-size-independent effects on the developmental regulation of trait size. Our findings suggest that the reciprocal relationship between developing organisms, their symbionts, and their environment can have considerable impacts on sexual dimorphism and functional morphology. </span></p>
The EMERGE Project: Feasibility of Assessing Economic and Sexual Risk Behaviors Using Text Messages in Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03237871. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Sexual and Injection Risks Among Female Sex Workers Who Also Inject Drugs in Mexico
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00840658. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Reducing Sexual Risk Behaviors and Improving Health for People at a Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00947271. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Kyaterekera Project: A Combination Intervention Addressing Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Vulnerable Women in Uganda
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03583541. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Teen Video Study to Reduce Risky Driving and Sexual Behavior in Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02049710. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Microenterprise Intervention to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03766165. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Evaluation of the Trans Women Connected Mobile App for Changes in Sexual Health-related Behavior Among Transgender Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03897049. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Novel husbandry practices result in rapid rates of growth and sexual maturation without impacting adult behavior in the blind Mexican cavefish
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Data from: Sex-specific manipulation of sexually cannibalistic mantid mating behavior by hairworms
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Varied female and male courtship behavior facilitated the evolution of a novel sexual signal
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Vertically inherited microbiota and environment-modifying behaviors indirectly shape the exaggeration of secondary sexual traits in the gazelle dung beetle
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Structural genomic variation and behavioral interactions underpin a balanced sexual mimicry polymorphism
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Sexually dimorphic and clock-gene specific effects of artificial light at night on Drosophila behavioral rhythms
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Data from: Behavioral elements and sensory cues involved in sexual isolation between Drosophila melanogaster strains
Sensory cues exchanged during courtship are crucial for mate choice: if they show intraspecific divergence this may cause or reinforce sexual isolation between strains, ultimately leading to speciation. There is a strong asymmetric sexual isolation between Drosophila melanogaster females from Zimbabwe (Z) and males from all other populations (M). While M and Z flies of both sexes show different cuticular pheromones, this variation is only partly responsible for the intraspecific isolation effect. Male acoustic signals are also partly involved in sexual isolation. We examined strain-specific courtship behaviour sequences to determine which body parts and sensory appendages may be involved in sexual isolation. Using two strains representative of the Z- and M-types, we manipulated sensory cues and the social context; we then measured the consequence of these manipulations on courtship and copulation. Our data suggest that Z females mated best with males whose sensory characteristics matched those of Z males in both quantity and quality. M females were less choosy and much less influenced by the sensory and social contexts. Differences in emission and reception of sensory signals seen between Z and M flies may lead to the concerted evolution of multiple sensory channel, thereby shaping a population-specific mate recognition system.
Data from: Year-round sexual harassment as a behavioral mediator of vertebrate population dynamics
Within-species sexual segregation is a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates but its causes remain a topic of much debate. Female avoidance of male coercive mating attempts has the potential to influence the social structure of animal populations, yet it has been largely overlooked as a driver of sexual separation. Indeed, its potential role in long-term structuring of natural populations has not been studied. Here we use a comparative approach to examine the suitability of multiple hypotheses forwarded to account for sexual segregation (i.e. activity budget; predation risk; thermal niche - fecundity; and social factors) as drivers underlying sex-specific habitat use in a monomorphic model vertebrate, the small spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula. Using this hypothesis-driven approach we show that year-round sexual habitat segregation in S. canicula can be accounted for directly by female avoidance of male sexual harassment. Long-term electronic tracking reveals sperm-storing female catsharks form daytime refuging aggregations in shallow water caves (~3.2 m water depth), and undertake nocturnal foraging excursions into deeper water (~25 m) most nights. In contrast, males occupy deeper, cooler habitat (~18 m) by day, and exploit a range of depths nocturnally (1 - 23 m). Males frequent the locations of shallow water female refuges, apparently intercepting females for mating when they emerge from, and return to, refuges on foraging excursions. Females partly compensate for higher metabolic costs incurred when refuging in warmer habitat by remaining inactive; however, egg production rates decline in the warmest months, but despite this, refuging behavior is not abandoned. Thermal choice experiments confirm individual females are willing to 'pay' in energy terms to avoid aggressive males and unsolicited male mating attempts. Long-term evasion of sexual harassment influences both the social structure and fecundity of the study population with females trading-off potential injury and unsolicited matings with longer term fitness. This identifies sexual harassment as a persistent cost to females that can mediate vertebrate population dynamics.
Data from: Sexual signal loss: the link between behavior and rapid evolutionary dynamics in a field cricket
1. Sexual signals may be acquired or lost over evolutionary time, and are tempered in their exaggeration by natural selection. 2. In the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, a mutation ("flatwing") causing loss of the sexual signal, the song, spread in < 20 generations in two of three Hawaiian islands where the crickets have been introduced. Flatwing (as well as some normal-wing) males behave as satellites, moving towards and settling near calling males to intercept phonotactic females. 3. From 2005-2012, we surveyed crickets and their responses to conspecific song, noting the morph and number of males and females before and after experimental playbacks. The three Hawaiian islands consistently contained different proportions of flatwing crickets, ranging from about 90% of males on Kauai to 50% on Oahu to rare on the Big Island of Hawaii. 4. Flatwing and normal-wing males do not appear to differ in responsiveness to playback, a behavior that should influence the likelihood of a male encountering a phonotactic female. Instead, male and female crickets from populations in which little to no calling song is perceptible during development tended to seek out callers more readily than crickets that developed in noisier environments. Such increased phonotaxis makes females more likely to find either the caller to which they are responding or to encounter a flatwing (or normal male satellite) that has also been attracted to the song. 5. Our evidence suggests that pre-existing behavioral plasticity (manifest as flexible responses to social – particularly acoustic – information in the environment) is associated with the rapid spread of the flatwing trait. Different social environments select for differential success of flatwing or normal-wing males, which in turn alters the social environment itself.
FIGURE 4 in Description of the female of Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 (Araneae: Eutichuridae) with notes on natural history and sexual behavior
FIGURE 4. Eutichurus ibiuna, behavior: A juvenile in its silk retreat; B mating position; C couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female).
FIGURE 3 in Description of the female of Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 (Araneae: Eutichuridae) with notes on natural history and sexual behavior
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Eutichurus ibiuna: literature record = blue circle; new records = red circles.
FIGURE 1 in Description of the female of Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 (Araneae: Eutichuridae) with notes on natural history and sexual behavior
FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.