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Fig. 2 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 2. Geographic distribution of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838). The green shading on the map represents the area of the Sierra Nevada National Park usually considered as the general area of the species. The purple dots correspond to the records of the species based on the specimens studied from the Entomology collection of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, including dry mounted and ethanol preserved material.

Fig. 11 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 11. Female specimen of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Borreguiles del Río San Juan (Sierra Nevada) with atypical body proportions and with coloration matching the descriptions of Forficula brevis Rambur, 1838. The presence of atypical specimens mixed with typical females of E. analis in the high elevations of Sierra Nevada supports the synonymy between F. analis and F. brevis.

Fig. 7 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 7. Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on cytb sequences of Eulithinus Hincks, 1935 and Pseudochelidura Verhoeff, 1902. Species and clade names correspond to the new classification adopted in this work. Posterior probabilities are indicated above branches. Background colours represent species and names below branches represent geographic areas.

Fig. 1 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 1. Original description of Eulithinus analis by Rambur (1838) in the Faune entomologique de l'Andalousie Vol. II.

Fig. 10 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 10. General view of the habitat and natural history notes of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) in Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Typical landscape occupied by E. analis; in front Laguna de Río Seco, where numerous female specimens were observed taking care of their eggs under stones in August. B. Two females taking care of their eggs under the same stone at Laguna de Río Seco; note the remains of a dead male on the left, and the different development degree of the two egg masses; a few minutes later, females clustered the eggs into compact masses. C. Male with intermediate long sized cerci running in alert display at Pradollano. D. Last instar nymph from Laguna de Río Seco; note the general similarity with nymphs of Pseudochelidura cantabrica (Cuesta et al. 2023: fig. 5c). Photographs by MG-P.

Fig. 4 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 4. Habitus variability in males of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Small specimen with short cerci, corresponding to the original description of Eulithinus montanus (Steinmann, 1981) from Laguna de las Yeguas at 2859 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122048). B. Large specimen with long cerci also from Laguna de las Yeguas (MNCN_Ent 121966).

Fig. 9 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 9. Habitus of live specimens of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada (Spain). A. Male specimen with long cerci from Pradollano. B. Typical female with dark coloration and brown head from Pradollano. C. Male with intermediate sized cerci from Borreguiles del Río San Juan (MNCN_Ent433449). D. Light colored female with reddish head and pronotum from Pradollano. E. Male displaying short cerci from Laguna de Río Seco (MNCN_Ent344345). F. Male with each cercus of different size from Laguna de Río Seco. Photographs ex situ by MG-P.

Fig. 6 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 6. Mitochondrial (cox1) network analyses of specimens of Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) from Sierra Nevada. Specimens from Laguna del Río Seco are colored in green, from Pradollano in red, from Arroyo del Albergue San Francisco in yellow and from Borreguiles del Río San Juan in purple.

Fig. 5 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 5. Cerci variation in Eulithinus analis (Rambur, 1838) males. A. Laguna de las Yeguas at 2859 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122048). B. Lagunillos de la Virgen at 2945 m of altitude (MNCN_Ent 122612). C. Laguna de las Yeguas (MNCN_Ent 121966).

Fig. 3 in Systematics of the Sierra Nevada endemic earwig: Eulithinus analis (Forficulidae, Dermaptera)

Fig. 3. Type specimens collected in Sierra Nevada mountains. A. Paratype of Pseudochelidura minor Steinmann, 1979 (HNHM), a male labelled as collected in "Spain, 2700 m Sierra Nevada Dr. H. Steinmann". B. Holotype of Pseudochelidura montana Steinmann, 1981, a male from "Spain, 2700 m Sierra Nevada Dr. H. Steinmann". C. Paratype of Eulithinus hispanicus Steinmann, 1984, a male collected from Sierra Nevada in "Réf. Universitario 2600 m VII '79 leg. G. Osella".

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2015View details →

Fig. 2 in Elevation and vegetation determine Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding by yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Fig. 2. Association between Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding by yellow-bellied marmots in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and elevation (using 9,068 ft as the reference), stratified by presence or absence of vegetation at sites where scat samples were collected.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Elevation and vegetation determine Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding by yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) in the Sierra Nevada Mountains

Fig. 1. Locations in the Sierra Nevada Mountains where scat samples from yellow-bellied marmot were collected. The map contains 14 locations, but some locations clustered together due to the shorter distances between them and the scale of the map. The cluster in Yosemite National Park includes Tenaya Creek, Bridaveil Creek, Pothole Dome, and Lembert Dome. The cluster at Mineral King includes Mineral King, Eagle Lake, White Chief Creek, and Elk Kaweah River.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2018View details →

A Long-Term Micrometeorological and Hydrological Dataset Across an Elevation Gradient in Sagehen Creek, Sierra Nevada, California

We compile and release ~55 years of daily and ~20 years of hourly Micrometeorological and hydrological data from Sagehen Creek a 28 km〖^2〗 watershed with observation sites spanning 1771 to 2670 m. A USGS gauging station measures streamflow at the catchment outlet. There are three Snow Telemetry (SNOTEL) stations: Independence Camp(2128 m), Independence Creek (1962 m) and Independence Lake (2541 m) that measure hourly precipitation, temperature, soil moisture (at 5, 20, and 50 cm), as well as daily snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow depth.  A new method was used to estimate hourly precipitation data using quality controlled daily totals. A NOAA cooperative observer (COOP) station measures daily precipitation, temperature, SWE, and snow depth from 1953-1997 and then measures hourly precipitation, temperature, SWE, and snow depth, relative humidity, and solar radiation from 2001 through 2017 2001-present. There are an additional three towers with data beginning in 2009 measuring snow depth, SWE,        solar radiation, barometric pressure, precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature: Tower 1 (1934m), Tower 3 (2114 m), and Tower 4 (2350 m). Wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity measured at 7.6 and 30.5 m at each site. Data from all stations were checked for poor QA/QC and substantial and sophisticated gap-filling techniques were deployed. This dataset holds potential for improving understanding of orographic processes and their implications for streamflow generation in a groundwater-dominated watershed.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Landscape and biodiversity indicators for Sierra Nevada

Landscape and biodiversity indicators have been identified as crucial for detecting changes in the Land Cover/Habitat map target classes and evaluating threats and intense impacts on certain areas of a site. This analysis is useful to prevent future ecosystem degradation, update the preservation strategies or take immediate mitigation actions. Regarding Sierra Nevada, Landscape and biodiversity indicators were generated for three different land cover vegetation maps. The Land Cover/Habitat map and Object-ID raster files were used as input to estimate the indicators. The outputs include a raster file of each indicator and a file “indValues.csv” containing the values of indicators per object. The calculated indicators are: (i) PLAND; (ii) PD; (iii) SHAPE_MN; (iv) CA; (v) MPS; (vi) MESH; (vii) AWMPFD. Indicator files are accompanied by INSPIRE metadata XML. Detailed information can be found in the “Readme.pdf” included in the zip containing the dataset.

Fig. 4 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 4. Habitat suitability estimate (upper left panel), minimum convex polygon of extent of occurrence (EEO, upper right panel), and area of occupation (AOO, lower left panel) of Atelopus laetissimus. The total deforested area for the analyzed period and species occurrence locations are provided in red.

Figure 3 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Figure 3. Acoustic repertoire of the advertisement call of Atelopus laetissimus. Conventional pulsed call (A), unpulsed short call (B), partially pulsed short call (C), pulsed short call (D), partially pulsed short call before pulsed call (E), and partially pulsed short call within pulsed call (F). The corresponding author will provide tables of raw data for individual specimens on request.

Fig. 2 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 2. Temporal variation of the number of recaptures (A) and movement patterns (B) of Atelopus laetissimus.

Fig. 1 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 1. (A) Temporal variation of relative abundance (ind/[h × obs]). (B) Population density (m2) per habitat of Atelopus laetissimus. Roman numerals represent the months of the surveys.

Fig. 5 in Insights into the natural history of the endemic Harlequin Toad, Atelopus laetissimus Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo, and Hernández-Camacho, 1994 (Anura: Bufonidae), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Fig. 5. Estimated annual habitat loss for Atelopus laetissimus in the last decade in the potential distribution (A), area of occurrence (AOO, B), and extent of occurrence (EOO, C).