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FIGURE 7 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 7 | Lateral view of 'Bryconamericus' aff. iheringii from the upper rio Paraná. A. NUP 16083, 55.9 mm SL, male, rio das Antas, rio Branco do Ivaí, 24°12'36"S 51°22'15"W, Paraná State, Brazil; B. NUP 16083, 54.6 mm SL, female; C. NUP 1441, 24.8 mm SL, rio Abelha, 23°36'01"S 52°27'30"W, Jussara, Paraná State, Brazil.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 6 | Sampling sites of Bryconamericus misei. A. Type-locality. B. Another unnamed stream, tributary to the rio Capivara, rio Piquiri basin. C. Rio Laranjeiras, a tributary to the rio Formoso, rio Ivaí basin.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 1 | Bryconamericus misei. A. NUP 24255, holotype, 54.8 mm SL, male, unnamed stream, tributary to the rio Capivara, rio Piquiri basin, Campina do Simão, Paraná State, Brazil; B. NUP 24149, paratype, 54.9 mm SL, female. C. NUP 24155, paratype, 26.4 mm SL.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 3 | Head shape and sexual dimorphism in Bryconamericus misei. A. NUP 24150, holotype, 54.8 mm SL. Male with breeding tubercles on dorsal and lateral portions of the head and posterior margin of the scales. B. NUP 24149, paratype, 54.9 mm SL. Female without tubercles.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 5 | Geographic distribution of Bryconamericus misei (red marks). The star represents the type-locality. The red rectangle on detail indicates the position of the map in relation to Brazilian borders.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 2 | Left jaws of Bryconamericus misei, NUP 24155, paratype, 44.7 mm SL. A. Maxilla. B. Premaxilla in anterior view. C. Ventral view of premaxilla. D. Dentary in lateral view.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Bryconamericus (Characidae: Stevardiinae) with breeding tubercles from the upper rio Paraná basin

FIGURE 4 | Sexual dimorphism in Bryconamericus misei. A. In males, the distal margin of the anal-fin is straight. B. In females, the distal margin of the anal-fin is slightly concave. C. In males, the pelvicfin reaches distinctly past the urogenital opening. D. In females, the pelvic-fin reached at most the urogenital opening. A, C. NUP 24150, holotype, 54.8 mm SL. B, D. NUP 24149, paratype, 54.9 mm SL.

Fig. 1 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 1. Gephyrocharax torresi, (a) UIST 1767, holotype male, 36.7 mm SL, río Cascajales system, río La Colorada basin, río Magdalena system; (b) UIST 1766, paratype female, 42.0 mm SL, río Cascajales system, río La Colorada basin, río Magdalena system. Note externally developed urogenital papillae indicated by white arrow.

Fig. 3 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 3. Lateral view of lateral branched pectoral-fin ray of Gephyrocharax torresi, AI 293, paratype male, 34.7 mm SL, left side. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 5. Comparative regression plots of males (n = 18) and females (n = 19) of Gephyrocharax torresi. All variables as function of SL: (a) Caudal-peduncle depth (females: r2 = 0.95; males: r2= 0.94), (b) caudal-peduncle length (females: r2 = 0.87; males: r2= 0.73), (c) pectoral fin to pelvic fin length (females: r2 = 0.87; males: r2 = 0.74), (d) pelvic-fin length (females: r2 = 0.89; males: r2 = 0.94).

Fig. 4 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 4. Lateral view of caudal fin of Gephyrocharax torresi, AI 293, paratype male, 34.7 mm SL, left side, depicting: (a) pouch scale and associated caudal-fin squamation in ventral lobe; (b) caudal fin lower lobe rays and claw (scales removed). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 7. Gephyrocharax melanocheir, (a) CIUA 1060, male, 32.9 mm SL, Quebrada Casanguila, río Magdalena system; (b) AI 298, female, 35.4 mm, Quebrada Grande, río Magdalena system.

Fig. 2 in Gephyrocharax torresi (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), a new species from the río Cascajales basin, río Magdalena system, Colombia

Fig. 2. Lateral view of jaws and dentition of Gephyrocharax torresi, UIST 1751, paratype female, 36.7 mm SL, right side. (a) Premaxilla and maxilla. (b) dentary, anguloarticular, and retroarticular bones.

Fig. 7 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 7. Cladogram showing relationships of the Characidae obtained with the Examined Matrix. Node numbers correspond to those cited on the text.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 4. Premaxilla and maxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, medial view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 3. Premaxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, ventral view, medial to right. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 2. Lower jaw and part of the suspensorium of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 6. Premaxilla and part of the maxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, medial view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm. Arrow indicates the ligament between middle length of ascendant maxillary process and the premaxilla, described in the character 378.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 5. Cranium and pectoral girdle of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, lateral view, anterior to left. Gill skeleton and right suspensorium removed. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 8. Detail of the cladogram obtained with the Extended Matrix. Clade 353 corresponds to the clade with the same number in Fig. 7.