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50 results for “Swimming performance”
Data from: Polymorphism and multiple correlated characters: do asymmetry flatfish morphs also differ in swimming performance and metabolic rate?
1. Phenotypic polymorphisms often differ in multiple correlated traits including morphology, behavior, and physiology, all of which can affect performance. How selection acts on these suites of traits can be complex and difficult to discern. Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) is a pleuronectid flatfish that exhibits rare polymorphism for the direction of eye migration and resulting whole-body asymmetry. P. stellatus asymmetry morphs differ subtly in several anatomical traits, foraging behavior, and stable isotope signatures, suggesting they may be ecologically segregated, yet performance and metabolic differences are unknown. 2. Here we tested the hypothesis that sinistral and dextral P. stellatus asymmetry morphs diverge in performance and routine metabolic rate (RMR) by comparing prolonged swimming endurance (time to exhaustion at a constant swimming speed), fast-start swimming velocity and acceleration, and rate of oxygen consumption. Based on subtle morphological differences in caudal tail size, we expected sinistral P. stellatus to have superior prolonged swimming endurance relative to dextral fish, but inferior fast-start performance. 4. Sinistral P. stellatus exhibited both significantly greater prolonged swimming performance and fast-start swimming performance. However, sinistral P. stellatus also exhibited greater RMR, suggesting that their general swimming performance could be enhanced by an elevated metabolic rate. 5. Divergence between P. stellatus asymmetry morphs in swimming performance and metabolic rates contributes to growing evidence of ecological segregation between them, as well as our understanding of possible ecological consequences of asymmetry direction in flatfishes. These data provide an example of the complexity of polymorphisms associated with multiple correlated traits in a rare case of asymmetry polymorphism in a marine flatfish species.
Data from: Diving into divergence: differentiation in swimming performances, physiology and gene expression between locally-adapted sympatric cichlid fishes
<p>Sympatric speciation occurs without strict vicariance and is thought to often be driven by ecological specialization of subpopulations that eventually diverge genetically and phenotypically. Distinct morphologies between sympatric populations occupying different niches have been interpreted as such differentiating adaptive phenotypes, yet differences in performance and thus adaptiveness between them were rarely tested. Here, we investigated if divergent body shapes of two sympatric crater lake cichlid species from Nicaragua, one being a shore-associated (benthic) species while the other prefers the open water zones (limnetic), affect cruising and sprinting swimming abilities - performances particularly relevant to their respective lifestyles. Furthermore, we investigated species differences in oxygen consumption across different swimming speeds and compare gene expression in gills and white muscle at rest and during exercise. We found a superior cruising ability in the limnetic <i>Amphilophus zaliosus</i> compared to the benthic <i>A. astorquii</i>, while sprinting was not different, suggesting that their distinct morphologies affect swimming performance. Increased cruising <a>ability in <i>A. zaliosus</i> was however linked</a> to a higher oxygen demand, during activity (but not rest), indicating different metabolic rates during exercise - a hypothesis supported by coinciding gene expression patterns of gill transcriptomes. We identified differentially expressed genes linked to swimming physiology, regulation of swimming behaviour and oxygen intake. A combination of physiological and morphological differences may thus underlie adaptations to these species' distinct niches. This complex ecological specialization likely resulted in morphological and physiological trade-offs that contributed to the rapid establishment and maintenance of divergence with gene flow.</p>
960 fps Swimming performance videos for analysis
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Measurements (including swimming performance data, body sizes/weights)
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Knifefish turning performance during forward swimming
<p>Rapid turning and swimming contribute to ecologically important behaviors in fishes such as predator avoidance, prey capture, mating, and the navigation of complex environments. For riverine species, such as knifefishes, that are commonly challenged by turbulent flows, turning control may be effective for counteracting adverse locomotive perturbations. Most research on fish maneuvering focuses on fish with traditional fin and body morphologies, which primarily use body bending and the pectoral fins during turning. However, it is uncertain how fishes with uncommon morphologies, are able to achieve sudden and controllable turns. Here we studied the turning performance and the turning hydrodynamics of the Black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons, N=6) which has an atypical elongated ribbon fin. Fish were filmed while swimming forward at ~2 BL s-1 and feeding from a fixed feeder (control) and an oscillating feeder (75 Hz) at two different amplitudes. 3D kinematic analysis of the body revealed the highest pitch angles and lowest body bending coefficients occurred during steady swimming. Low pitch angle, high maximum yaw angles and large body bending coefficients were characteristic of small and large turns. Asynchrony in pectoral fin use was low during turning, however ribbon fin wavelength, frequency, and wave speed were greatest during large turns. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) showed larger counter-rotating vortex pairs produced during turning by the ribbon-fin in comparison to vortices rotating in the same direction during steady swimming. Our results highlight the ribbon fin's role in controlled rapid turning through modulation of wavelength, frequency, and wave speed.</p>
Size matters, but species do not: no evidence for species-specific swimming performance in co-occurring Great Basin stream fishes
<p>For fishes, swimming performance is an important predictor of habitat use and a critical measure for the design of effective fish passage systems. Few studies have examined burst and prolonged types of swimming performance among several co-occurring species, and swimming performance in many fish communities is undocumented. In this study, we characterize both burst (c-start velocity) and prolonged speed (critical swim speed) across a poorly documented, co-occurring group of stream fishes within the Great Basin of the western USA. We documented the variation in swim speed associated with species, habitat, and body size. Body size had an overwhelming effect on both burst speed and prolonged speed, whereas habitat use, and species identity were not significant predictors. Among species, there is no evidence of a trade-off between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed. Lack of a trade-off in performance between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed among species may be due to unexpectedly high prolonged swim speeds exhibited by species that used substrate bracing behaviors. Incorporating body size and variation in behavior, such as substrate bracing behaviors, into fish passage models will likely be sufficient to ensure passage of all species without the need to account for species-specific swimming abilities. However, these results characterize the swimming performance for threatened and common fish species such that other comparisons can be made and species-specific studies can access accurate data.</p>
The Effect of Stretching of Swimming-related Muscles on 800-meter Swimming Performance in Master Swimmers.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05991999. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Effects of Strength Training on Freestyle Swimming Performance and Core Muscles Strength in Swimmers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05333536. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Data from: Non-lethal sampling for assessment of mitochondrial function does not affect metabolic rate and swimming performance
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Knifefish turning performance during forward swimming
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Data from: Polymorphism and multiple correlated characters: do asymmetry flatfish morphs also differ in swimming performance and metabolic rate?
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Data from: The cost of infection: Argulus foliaceus and its impact on the swimming performance of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
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Size matters, but species do not: no evidence for species-specific swimming performance in co-occurring Great Basin stream fishes
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Data from: Diving into divergence: differentiation in swimming performances, physiology and gene expression between locally-adapted sympatric cichlid fishes
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Data supporting Water flow and temperature interact to determine oxidative status, swimming performance, and dispersal of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
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Figures 4-5 from: Souza RCR, Pompeu PS (2020) Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e47223
Figures 4-5 (4) Projection of the first two axes of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the two species Characidium fasciatum and Characidium cf. zebra. (5) Relationship between RAPtF (Relative area of the pectoral fin) and the regression residuals between standard length (cm) and velocity (m/s) for both species Characidium fasciatum (C.fas) and Characidium cf. zebra (C.zeb).
Figures 2-3 from: Souza RCR, Pompeu PS (2020) Ecological separation by ecomorphology and swimming performance between two congeneric fish species. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e47223
Figures 2-3 (2) Comparison between the relative velocities (length . s-1) obtained for each species of Characidium in the tests of swimming capacity. Middle point represents Median, Box value are the percentiles and the Whisker-value is minimum and maximum values. (3) Relation between standard length (cm) and velocity (m.s-1) for Characidium fasciatum (C.fas) and Characidium cf. zebra (C.zeb) species.
Data from: Combined effects of ocean acidification and temperature on larval and juvenile growth, development and swimming performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Ocean acidification and ocean warming (OAW) are simultaneously occurring and could pose ecological challenges to marine life, particularly early life stages of fish that, although they are internal calcifiers, have poorly developed acid-base regulation. This study assessed the effect of projected OAW on key fitness traits (growth, development and swimming ability) in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae and juveniles. Starting at 2 days post-hatch (dph), larvae were exposed to one of three levels of PCO₂ (650, 1150, 1700 µatm; pH 8.0, 7.8, 7.6) at either a cold (15°C) or warm (20°C) temperature. Growth rate, development stage and critical swimming speed (Ucrit) were repeatedly measured as sea bass grew from 0.6 to ~10.0 (cold) or ~14.0 (warm) cm body length. Exposure to different levels of PCO₂ had no significant effect on growth, development or Ucrit of larvae and juveniles. At the warmer temperature, larvae displayed faster growth and deeper bodies. Notochord flexion occurred at 0.8 and 1.2 cm and metamorphosis was completed at an age of ~45 and ~60 days post-hatch for sea bass in the warm and cold treatments, respectively. Swimming performance increased rapidly with larval development but better swimmers were observed in the cold treatment, reflecting a potential trade-off between fast grow and swimming ability. A comparison of the results of this and other studies on marine fish indicates that the effects of OAW on the growth, development and swimming ability of early life stages are species-specific and that generalizing the impacts of climate-driven warming or ocean acidification is not warranted.
Development and validation of a fully mobile, field-ready performance analysis system for swimming
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Data from: Measuring sperm swimming performance in birds: effects of dilution, suspension medium, mechanical agitation, and sperm number
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.