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56 results for “Swiss Alps”
A predictive flight-altitude model for avoiding future conflicts between an emblematic raptor and wind energy development in the Swiss Alps
<p>Deployment of wind energy is proposed as a mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, wind energy and large birds, notably soaring raptors, both depend on suitable wind conditions. Conflicts in airspace use may thus arise between wind energy development and wildlife protection due to the risks of collisions of birds with the blades of wind turbines. Using locations of GPS-tagged bearded vultures, a rare scavenging raptor reintroduced into the Alps, we built a spatially-explicit model to predict potential areas of conflict with future wind turbines deployments in the Swiss Alps. We modelled the probability of bearded vultures flying within or below the rotor-swept zone of wind turbines as a function of wind and environmental conditions, including food supply (presence of wild ungulates). Flight activity at potential risk of collision was generally high, concentrating on south-exposed mountainsides, especially in areas where ibex carcasses have a high occurrence probability, with critical areas covering vast expanses throughout the Swiss Alps. Our model provides a spatially-explicit decision tool that will guide authorities and energy companies for planning the deployment of wind farms in a proactive manner to reduce risk to emblematic Alpine wildlife.</p>
Fig. 4. Metastrongylus spp. eggs from a in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies
Fig. 4. Metastrongylus spp. eggs from a wild boar faecal sample.
A predictive flight-altitude model for avoiding future conflicts between an emblematic raptor and wind energy development in the Swiss Alps
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Data from: Humus forms and organic matter decomposition in the Swiss Alps
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Data from: Reduced genetic diversity, increased isolation and multiple introductions of invasive giant hogweed in the western Swiss Alps
The Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) has successfully invaded 19 European countries as well as parts of North America. It has become a problematic species due to its ability to displace native flora and to cause public health hazards. Applying population genetics to species invasion can help reconstruct invasion history and may promote more efficient management practice. We thus analyzed levels of genetic variation and population genetic structure of H. mantegazzianum in an invaded area of the western Swiss Alps as well as in its native range (the Caucasus), using eight nuclear microsatellite loci together with plastid DNA markers and sequences. On both nuclear and plastid genomes, native populations exhibited significantly higher levels of genetic diversity compared to invasive populations, confirming an important founder event during the invasion process. Invasive populations were also significantly more differentiated than native populations. Bayesian clustering analysis identified five clusters in the native range that corresponded to geographically and ecologically separated groups. In the invaded range, ten clusters occurred. Unlike native populations, invasive clusters were characterized by a mosaic pattern in the landscape, possibly caused by anthropogenic dispersal of the species via roads and direct collection for ornamental purposes. Lastly, our analyses revealed four main divergent groups in the western Swiss Alps, likely as a consequence of multiple independent establishments of H. mantegazzianum.
Data from: Snowbeds are more affected than other subalpine-alpine plant communities by climate change in the Swiss Alps
While the upward shift of plant species has been observed on many alpine and nival summits, the reaction of the subalpine and lower alpine plant communities to the current warming and lower snow precipitation has been little investigated so far. To this aim, 63 old, exhaustive plant inventories, distributed along a subalpine–alpine elevation gradient of the Swiss Alps and covering different plant community types (acidic and calcareous grasslands; windy ridges; snowbeds), were revisited after 25–50 years. Old and recent inventories were compared in terms of species diversity with Simpson diversity and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity indices, and in terms of community composition with principal component analysis. Changes in ecological conditions were inferred from the ecological indicator values. The alpha-diversity increased in every plant community, likely because of the arrival of new species. As observed on mountain summits, the new species led to a homogenization of community compositions. The grasslands were quite stable in terms of species composition, whatever the bedrock type. Indeed, the newly arrived species were part of the typical species pool of the colonized community. In contrast, snowbed communities showed pronounced vegetation changes and a clear shift toward dryer conditions and shorter snow cover, evidenced by their colonization by species from surrounding grasslands. Longer growing seasons allow alpine grassland species, which are taller and hence more competitive, to colonize the snowbeds. This study showed that subalpine–alpine plant communities reacted differently to the ongoing climate changes. Lower snow/rain ratio and longer growing seasons seem to have a higher impact than warming, at least on plant communities dependent on long snow cover. Consequently, they are the most vulnerable to climate change and their persistence in the near future is seriously threatened. Subalpine and alpine grasslands are more stable, and, until now, they do not seem to be affected by a warmer climate.
Data from: Evidence of local adaptation to fine- and coarse-grained environmental variability in Poa alpina in the Swiss Alps
In the alpine landscape, characterized by high spatiotemporal heterogeneity and barriers, divergent selection is likely to lead to local adaptation of plant populations either through adaptive genetic differentiation or through phenotypic plasticity. The relative importance of these processes has rarely been investigated in relation to the spatial scale of environmental heterogeneity. In this study, we used reciprocal transplantation experiments of populations across nearby and distant field sites to shed light on these complementary processes. We reciprocally transplanted populations of the widespread alpine grass, Poa alpina, within and across regions in the Swiss Alps. We inferred local adaptation at the metapopulation level by comparing fitness of plants transplanted to their site of origin and to nearby or distant novel sites. Additionally, we measured specific leaf area (SLA) and performed selection analyses to investigate directional selection on mean trait value at each field site and on the degree of plasticity of this trait to assess whether plastic responses were adaptive. In parallel, all populations were genotyped with microsatellite markers to assess neutral molecular differentiation. Molecular differentiation was high among populations within and among regions, indicating restricted gene flow among P. alpina populations. Reproductive biomass was highest in individuals grown in their region of origin, revealing local adaptation to coarse-grained environmental variability. Similarly, inflorescence height, associated with reproductive biomass, reflected adaptation to fine- and coarse-grained environmental variability. Furthermore, we found evidence that plasticity in SLA across coarse-grained habitats was correlated with plant fitness, suggesting that plasticity in this trait is adaptive. Synthesis. Our results revealed adaptive genetic differentiation between P. alpina populations in the Swiss Alps reflecting local adaptation. Furthermore, high phenotypic plasticity in SLA contributed to the maintenance of fitness homoeostasis across habitats. Hence, adaptive genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity play a complementary role for adaption of P. alpina to environmental heterogeneity in the Swiss Alps and both may be critical to mitigate local extinction risk under rapid climate change.
FIGURE 2 in Description of the sexuales of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) discovered in the Swiss Alps
FIGURE 2. Ovipara and alate male of M. modestum: (A) antenna of ovipara; (B) antenna of male; (C) siphunculus of ovipara; (D) siphunculus of male. Scale bars = 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Description of the sexuales of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) discovered in the Swiss Alps
FIGURE 1. Ovipara and alate male of M. modestum: (A) habitus of ovipara; (B) abdomen of male; (C) siphunculus of ovipara; (D) hind tibia of ovipara with pseudosensoria; (E) fore wing of male. Scale bars = 300 µm, 120 µm, 50 µm, 50 µm, 120 µm, respectively.
FIGURE 6 in Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. — a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
FIGURE 6. Overview of the distribution of Otiorhynchus (Nihus) spp. modified after Di Marco & Osella (1998). With O. grischunensis sp. n., the O. rhilensis species group reaches its north-westernmost point and an alternative explanation of its historical spreading via the Alps (solid flash) instead of the direct way from Dalmatia to the Apennine (scattered flash) is given. White squares: O. rhilensis species group 1) O. grischunensis sp. n.; 2) O abruzzensis; 3) O. leonhardi; 4) O. rhilensis; 5) O. winkelmanni; 6) O. boroveci; 7) O. uludagicus. Black circles: O. proximus species group 1) O. sp. n.; 2) O. salassorum; 3) O. praetutiorum; 4) O. globulus; 5) O. proximus sensu lato; 6) O. hypsibatus; 7) O. carpathicus; 8) O. ardealicus; 9) O. noskiewiczi; 10) O. poianae. Note that O. khatiparicus Davidian & Arzanov, 2006 and O. meoticus Davidian & Arzanov, 2006 from Caucasus and northeastern Turkey are not shown on this map.
FIGURE 5 in Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. — a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
FIGURE 5. Habitat of O. grischunensis sp. n. at the type locality on Pass of Bernina in Grisons above 2100 m a. s. l (photo: C. Germann).
FIGURE 3 in Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. — a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
FIGURE 3. Habitus (dorsal) of Otiorhynchus (Nihus) spp., the four O. rhilensis specimens show the species' remarkable variability. A) O. grischunensis sp. n. holotype – Bernina; B) Dito, paratype – St. Moritz; C) O. rhilensis Stierlin, 1888 – SE-Rila, Belmeken; D) Dito – Stara Planina, Botev; E) Dito – S-Pirin, Orelek; F) Dito – Slavianka, S Goleschovo.
FIGURE 1. O in Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. — a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
FIGURE 1. O. grischunensis sp. n. paratype dorsal (above) and lateral view (down) – Davos, Schiahorn.
FIGURE 4 in Otiorhynchus (Nihus) grischunensis sp. n. — a new species of the O. rhilensis species group from the Swiss Alps (Curculionidae, Entiminae)
FIGURE 4. Spermathecae, spiculae ventrale and ovipositors of members of the O. rhilensis species group (A–F) and O. proximus species group (G–K). Right margin: the different shapes of the spiculum of both species groups are illustrated: rounded (above, O. grischunensis sp. n.) and concave/incised (down, O. proximus). A) Holotype Bernina (spermatheca lost); B) Paratype Davos, Schiahorn; C) Paratype St. Moritz; D) S-Pirin, Oelek; E) E-Rila, Belmeken; F) SE-Rila, Belmeken; G) Julian Alps; H) Wechsel; I) Styria; J) Rodna-Mountains; K) Vyosoke Tatry. Details concerning finding locations are indicated in Appendix 1.
Historical flood reconstruction in a torrential alpine catchment (Saltina, Brig, Swiss Alps) and its implication for flood hazard assessments
<p>EXCEL has three sheets :</p> <p>1. Pas flood description</p> <p>2. Past Engineering</p> <p>3. Hydraulic modeling flood discharge (1331 to 1965) and systematic discharge from 1966 to 2020.</p> <p> </p> <p>Word has two pictures</p> <p> </p> <p>1. past old maps (1331,1888,1938,2017)</p> <p>2. Walls, check dam, and lifting bridge</p>
Mapping forest in the Swiss Alps treeline ecotone with explainable deep learning: label data
<p>Label data used in the paper "Nguyen T.-A., Kellenberger B., Tuia D. (2022), <em>Mapping forest in the Swiss Alps treeline ecotone with explainable deep learning</em>" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113217">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2022.113217</a>).</p> <p>Code available at <a href="https://github.com/thienanhng/ExplainableForestMapping">github.com/thienanhng/ExplainableForestMapping</a>.</p>
Ground Freezing Index (GFI) and the relative change of the minimum seasonal velocity compared to the mean velocity between 2005 and 2017 at Becs-de-Bosson rock glacier in the Swiss Alps
<p>This dataset contains the Ground Freezing Index (GFI) and the relative change of the minimum seasonal velocity compared to the mean velocity between 2005 and 2017 at Becs-de-Bosson rock glacier in the Swiss Alps. Velocity data is measured by GNSS surveys. GFI is the sum of the daily negative GSTs during the entire freezing season, indicating the coldness of the winter temperature.</p>
Data Tables and figures for "Quantification of 3D thermal anomalies from surface observations of an orogenic geothermal system (Grimsel Pass, Swiss Alps)"
<p>Tables and figures containing the data used in the manuscript called</p> <p><strong>"Quantification of 3D thermal anomalies from surface observations of an orogenic geothermal system (Grimsel Pass, Swiss Alps)", </strong></p> <p>which was submitted to JGR:Solid Earth</p>
FIGURE 2 in One century of vegetation change on Isla Persa, a nunatak in the Bernina massif in the Swiss Alps
FIGURE 2. Map of Russia and its six subunits as used in this catalogue. SR: Southern European Russia. CR: Central European Russia. NR: Northern European Russia. WS: Western Siberia. ES: Eastern Siberia. FS: Far Eastern Siberia. Map adapted from Lelej (2002).
FIGURE 1 in One century of vegetation change on Isla Persa, a nunatak in the Bernina massif in the Swiss Alps
FIGURE 1. Map of the Palaearctic region and its four subregions as used in this catalogue. EU: Europe. AF: Northern Africa. AS: Northern Asia. SA: Southwestern Asia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.