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109 results for “Tetrahymena tetrahymena”
The phenotypic and fitness response to the combination of copper and thermal stressors strongly varies within the ciliate species, Tetrahymena thermophila
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Data from: Phenotypic responses to temperature in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
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Data from: Gene swamping alters evolution during range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
<p>At species' range edges, individuals often face novel environmental conditions that may limit range expansion until populations adapt. The potential to adapt depends on genetic variation upon which selection can act. However, populations at species' range edges are often genetically depauperated. One mechanism to increase genetic variation is to reshuffle existing variation through sex. During range expansions, sex can, however, act as a double-edged sword. The gene swamping hypothesis predicts that for populations expanding along an abiotic gradient, sex can hinder adaptation if asymmetric dispersal leads to numerous maladapted dispersers from the range core swamping the range edge. In this study, we experimentally tested the gene swamping hypothesis by performing replicated range expansions in landscapes with or without an abiotic pH-gradient, using the ciliate <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>, while simultaneously manipulating the occurrence of gene flow and sex. We show that sex accelerated evolution of local adaptation in the absence of gene flow, but hindered it in the presence of gene flow. The effect of sex, however, was independent of the pH-gradient, indicating that not only abiotic gradients but also the biotic gradient in population density leads to gene swamping. Overall, our results show that gene swamping can affect adaptation in life-history strategies.</p>
Data from: Genetic background alters dominance relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
The pattern of inheritance and mechanism of sex determination can have important evolutionary consequences. We studied probabilistic sex determination in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, which was previously shown to cause evolution of skewed sex ratios. We find that the genetic background alters the sex determination patterns of mat alleles in heterozygotes and that allelic interaction can differentially influence the expression probability of the 7 sexes. We quantify the dominance relationships between several mat alleles and find that A-type alleles, which specify sex I, are indeed recessive to B-type alleles, which are unable to specify that sex. Our results provide additional support for the presence of modifier loci and raise implications for the dynamics of sex ratios in populations of T. thermophila.
CCS analysis results and scripts of de novo methyltransferases research in Tetrahymena
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Mass spectrometry of natively decorated doublet microtubule from Tetrahymena thermophila WT and mutants
<p>Cilia are thin microtubule-based protrusions of eukaryotic cells. The swimming of ciliated protists and sperm cells is propelled by the beating of cilia. Cilia propagate the flow of mucus in the trachea and protect the human body from viral infections. The main force generators of ciliary beating are the outer dynein arms (ODAs) which attach to the doublet microtubules. The bending of cilia is driven by the ODAs' conformational changes caused by ATP hydrolysis. Here, we report the native ODA complex structure attaching to the doublet microtubule by cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure reveals how the ODA complex is attached to the doublet microtubule via the docking complex in its native state. Combined with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we present a model of how the attachment of the ODA to the doublet microtubule induces remodeling and activation of the ODA complex.</p>
Data for: Sex, amitosis, and evolvability in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
<p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Understanding the mechanisms that generate genetic variation, and thus contribute to the process of adaptation, is a major goal of evolutionary biology. </span><span>Mutation and genetic exchange have been well studied as mechanisms to generate genetic variation. However, there are additional factors, such as genome architecture, that may also impact the amount of genetic variation in some populations, and <span>the extent to which these variation generating mechanisms are themselves shaped by natural selection is still an open question. To test the effect of genome architecture on the generation of genetic variation, and hence evolvability, we studied <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em>, a ciliate with an unusual genome structure and mechanism of nuclear division, called amitosis, whereby homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells. Amitosis leads to genetic variation among the asexual descendants of a newly produced sexual progeny because different progeny cells will contain different combinations of parental alleles. We hypothesize that amitosis thus increases the evolvability of newly produced sexual progeny relative to their unmated parents and species that undergo mitosis. To test this hypothesis, we used experimental evolution and simulations to compare the rate of adaptation in <em>T. thermophila</em> populations founded by a single sexual progeny to parental populations that had not had sex in many generations. The populations founded by a sexual progeny adapted more quickly than parental populations in both laboratory populations and simulated populations. This suggests that the additional genetic variation generated by amitosis of a heterozygote can increase the rate of adaptation following sex and may help explain the evolutionary success of the unusual genetic architecture of <em>Tetrahymena </em>and ciliates more generally.</span></span></span></p>
Tetrahymena thermophila genome (.fa file)
<p>This is the Tetrahymena thermophila genome file (FASTA) obtained from a previous version of the TGD (Tetrahymena genome database) database. This is the 2020 version of the genome (following the publication of Sheng et al. 2020 Sci China Life Sci.).</p>
Data from: Gene swamping alters evolution during range expansions in the protist Tetrahymena thermophila
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Data from: Abandoning sex: multiple origins of asexuality in the ciliate Tetrahymena
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Data for: Sex, amitosis, and evolvability in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
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Mass spectrometry of natively decorated doublet microtubule from Tetrahymena thermophila WT and mutants
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Data from: Genetic background alters dominance relationships between mat alleles in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
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Data from: Dispersal propensity in Tetrahymena thermophila ciliates – a reaction norm perspective
Dispersal and phenotypic plasticity are two main ways for species to deal with rapid changes of their environments. Understanding how genotypes (G), environments (E) and their interaction (genotype and environment; G x E) each affects dispersal propensity is therefore instrumental for predicting the ecological and evolutionary responses of species under global change. Here we used an actively dispersing ciliate to quantify the contributions of G, E, and G x E on dispersal propensity, exposing 44 different genotypes to three different environmental contexts (densities in isogenotype populations). Moreover, we assessed the condition-dependence of dispersal, i.e. whether dispersal is related to morphological, physiological or behavioral traits. We found that genotypes showed marked differences in dispersal propensity and that dispersal is plastically adjusted to density, with the overall trend for genotypes to exhibit negative density-dependent dispersal. A small, but significant G x E interaction indicates genetic variability in plasticity and therefore some potential for dispersal plasticity to evolve. We also show evidence consistent with condition-dependent dispersal suggesting that genotypes also vary in how individual condition is linked to dispersal under different environmental contexts thereby generating complex dispersal behavior due to only three variables (genes, environment, and individual condition).
Raw data Uptake without inactivation of human adenovirus type 2 by Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliates
<p>Tomograms showing HAdV2 particles inside protist slices observed via TEM</p> <p>All raw data (viral concentration, virus removal values, food vacuole count) used in the study</p> <p>R code for MPN quantification in digestion and egestion expriments</p>
Data for Olive et al., Removal of waterborne viruses by Tetrahymena pyriformis is virus-specific and coincides with changes in protist swimming speed, Environmental Science and Technology, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05518)
<p>This entry contains the data shown in: Olive et al., <em>Removal of waterborne viruses by Tetrahymena pyriformis is virus-specific and coincides with changes in protist swimming speed,</em> Environmental Science and Technology, 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c05518)</p> <p>Net removal values (log10 C/C0 or log10 N/N0) shown in Figures 1 and 4</p> <p>Raw data used to calculate net removal values in Figure 1</p> <p>Raw removal values shown in Figure 2</p> <p>Raw data for protist movement analysis shown in Figure 3</p> <p>R code used for protist movement analysis (as text file)</p> <p>Raw data for all Supporting Figures (S1-S6)</p>
Fig. 1 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 1. Divisional morphogenesis and cytokinesis in untreated (control) T. thermophila. Cells were immunostained with the anti-centrin 20H5 antibody. A–F' stomatogenesis, stages I–VI; G–H cytokinesis. AF – an anarchic field, ARF – parental apical ring of filaments, mARF material for new ARF localised on in the proximal ends (couplets of BBs) of cortical rows in opisthe cell, FZ – fission zone, OA1 and OA2 – parental and new oral apparatuses, OC – parental oral crescent, nOC – new oral crescents in both daughter cells. Bar: 10 µm for A–H.
Fig. 11 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 11. Cortical structures of T. thermophila immunogoldlabelled with anti-cdc14A antibody. A – longitudinal section of the ciliated basal body; B – transversal section of the fragment of the cortical row; C – section at the level of basal bodies of oral membranelle. Kt – kinetodesmal fiber, pc – postciliary microtubules, arrowhead – filamentous material. Bar: 1 μm.
Fig. 3 in Effects of Roscovitine on Schedule of Divisional Morphogenesis, Basal Bodies Proliferation and Cell Divisions in Tetrahymena thermophila
Fig. 3. Divisional morphogenesis and cytokinesis in T. thermophila after 5.5 h treatment with roscovitine. Cells were immunostained with the anti-centrin 20H5 antibody. A–C – stage VI of divisional morphogenesis; D–F' – cytokinesis; A and A' – ventral and dorsal views of the same cell. Other explanations as in Fig. 1. Bar in F': 10 µm for A–F'.
Data from: Hidden genetic variation in the germline genome of Tetrahymena thermophila
Genome architecture varies greatly among eukaryotes. This diversity may profoundly affect the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within a population. Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes with unusual genome features, such as separation of germline and somatic genomes within a single cell and amitotic division. These features have previously been proposed to increase the rate of molecular evolution in these species. Here, we assessed the fitness effects of genetic variation in the two genomes of natural isolates of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. We find more extensive genetic variation in fitness in the transcriptionally-silent germline genome than in the expressed somatic genome. Surprisingly, this variation is not primarily deleterious, but has both beneficial and deleterious effects. We conclude that Tetrahymena genome architecture allows for the maintenance of genetic variation that would otherwise be eliminated by selection. We consider the effect of selection on the two genomes and the impacts of reproductive strategies and the mechanism of sex determination on the structure of this variation.
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