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42 results for “Text processing”
text-fig. 49. Theropod astragali and calcanei, illustrating several tarsal characters, a-b, Lilienstemus lilienstemi\ MB R. 2175; left astragalo-calcaneum; anterior view and proximal view (reversed). c-D, Allosaurus fragilis: MOR 693; stereophotographs of left astragalo-calcaneum in anterior and proximal view. E, Deinonychus antirrhopus; YPM 5226; left astragalo-calcaneum; anterior view (stereophotographs). Abbreviations: asc proc, ascending process of the astragalus; ast, astragalus; calc, calcanéum; fib, facet for fibula; tib, facet for tibia. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 49. Theropod astragali and calcanei, illustrating several tarsal characters, a-b, Lilienstemus lilienstemi\ MB R. 2175; left astragalo-calcaneum; anterior view and proximal view (reversed). c-D, Allosaurus fragilis: MOR 693; stereophotographs of left astragalo-calcaneum in anterior and proximal view. E, Deinonychus antirrhopus; YPM 5226; left astragalo-calcaneum; anterior view (stereophotographs). Abbreviations: asc proc, ascending process of the astragalus; ast, astragalus; calc, calcanéum; fib, facet for fibula; tib, facet for tibia. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 29. Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae of several theropods, illustrating character states of several axial characters, a-b, Allosaurus fragilisa fourth and nineteenth caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on Madsen (1976). c, Majungatholus atopus; mid-caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on FMNH/UA 96313. d-e, Deinonychus antirrhopus; anterior caudal vertebra (?fifth), anterior and left lateral view; based on YPM 5210 and Ostrom (1969b). Abbreviations: nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-c) and 10 mm (d-e). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 29. Anterior and mid-caudal vertebrae of several theropods, illustrating character states of several axial characters, a-b, Allosaurus fragilisa fourth and nineteenth caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on Madsen (1976). c, Majungatholus atopus; mid-caudal vertebra, left lateral view; based on FMNH/UA 96313. d-e, Deinonychus antirrhopus; anterior caudal vertebra (?fifth), anterior and left lateral view; based on YPM 5210 and Ostrom (1969b). Abbreviations: nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-c) and 10 mm (d-e).
text-fig. 55. Left distal tibia, fibula, and proximal tarsals of a, Syntarsus rhodesiensis (QG 1) and B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi (MB R. 2175) in anterior view, showing differences in the development of the distal end of the fibula and its connection with the ascending process of the astragalus. Abbreviations: asc proc, ascending process of the astragalus; astr, astragalus; calc, calcanéum; fib, fibula; tib, tibia. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 55. Left distal tibia, fibula, and proximal tarsals of a, Syntarsus rhodesiensis (QG 1) and B, Lilienstemus lilienstemi (MB R. 2175) in anterior view, showing differences in the development of the distal end of the fibula and its connection with the ascending process of the astragalus. Abbreviations: asc proc, ascending process of the astragalus; astr, astragalus; calc, calcanéum; fib, fibula; tib, tibia. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 21. Posterior ends of the mandibles in dorsal view, illustrating different states for characters 73 and 74. a, Plateosaurus sp.; based on MB R. 1937. B, Ornitholestes hermannv, based on AMNH 619. c, same as B, stereophotographs. Abbreviations: mj, mandibular joint; rp, retroarticular process. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 21. Posterior ends of the mandibles in dorsal view, illustrating different states for characters 73 and 74. a, Plateosaurus sp.; based on MB R. 1937. B, Ornitholestes hermannv, based on AMNH 619. c, same as B, stereophotographs. Abbreviations: mj, mandibular joint; rp, retroarticular process. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 18. Skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and three theropods (b-d) in palatal view, showing different states for several cranial characters. A, Lesothosaurus diagnostics; redrawn from Sereno (199lb). B, Allosaurus fragilis', redrawn from Madsen (1976). c, Daspletosaurus torosus; redrawn from Russell (1970). D, Oviraptor philoceratops; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). Abbreviations: bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; ch, internal choana; cp, cultriform process of the parasphenoid; ect, ectopterygoid; iptv, interpterygoid vacuity; j, jugal; m, maxilla; oc, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qj, quadratojugal; sof, suborbital fenestra; spf, subsidiary palatal fenestra; snf, subnarial foramen; stf, subtemporal fenestra; v, vomer. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a), 50 mm (d) and 100 mm (b-c).
text-fig. 16. Ventral view of the braincase, showing different states for characters 56 and 57. a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics; based on Sereno (1991b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis based on QG 195; the postorbital processes of the laterosphenoid are broken in this specimen of Syntarsus; their attachments are placed above and slightly posterior to the trigeminal foramen. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bpt, basipterygoid process; bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tuber; fo, fenestra ovalis; Is, laterosphenoid; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pop, paroccipital process; popls, postorbital process of the laterosphenoid; psp, parasphenoid; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 16. Ventral view of the braincase, showing different states for characters 56 and 57. a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics; based on Sereno (1991b). B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis based on QG 195; the postorbital processes of the laterosphenoid are broken in this specimen of Syntarsus; their attachments are placed above and slightly posterior to the trigeminal foramen. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bpt, basipterygoid process; bsp, basisphenoid; bspr, basisphenoid recess; bt, basal tuber; fo, fenestra ovalis; Is, laterosphenoid; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pop, paroccipital process; popls, postorbital process of the laterosphenoid; psp, parasphenoid; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 9. Theropod skulls in dorsal view showing different character states of several cranial characters. Character state indication as in Text-figure 7. A, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; modified from Raath (1977, figured in Colbert 1989). B, Ceratosaurus nasicomis', based on Marsh (1896), Gilmore (1920) and USNM 4735. c, generalized ornithomimosaur; based mainly on Gallimimus bullatus, figured in Osmólska et al. (1972), with some modifications based on Ornithomimus sp. (MP 90.26.1). D, Velociraptor mongoliensis\ redrawn from Barsbold and Osmólska (1999). Abbreviations as in ext-figures 4-6, and: g, groove; nh, nasal horn; pnf, postnasal fenestra; pop, paroccipital process; sc, saggital crest. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a, c-d) and 100 mm (b). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 9. Theropod skulls in dorsal view showing different character states of several cranial characters. Character state indication as in Text-figure 7. A, Syntarsus rhodesiensis; modified from Raath (1977, figured in Colbert 1989). B, Ceratosaurus nasicomis', based on Marsh (1896), Gilmore (1920) and USNM 4735. c, generalized ornithomimosaur; based mainly on Gallimimus bullatus, figured in Osmólska et al. (1972), with some modifications based on Ornithomimus sp. (MP 90.26.1). D, Velociraptor mongoliensis\ redrawn from Barsbold and Osmólska (1999). Abbreviations as in ext-figures 4-6, and: g, groove; nh, nasal horn; pnf, postnasal fenestra; pop, paroccipital process; sc, saggital crest. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a, c-d) and 100 mm (b).
text-fig. 3. Ulnae of saurischian dinosaurs, showing the flexure of the shaft of this bone, a, Plateosaurus sp. (SMNS F 65), right ulna in lateral view (reversed). B, same as a, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft, c, Syntarsus rhodesiensis (QG 1), left ulna in lateral view. D, same as c, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft. E, Allosaurus fragilis (MOR 693), left ulna in lateral view. F, same as e, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft. G, Deinonychus antirrhopus (YPM 5220), left ulna in lateral view. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-b, e-f) and 10 mm (c-D, g). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 3. Ulnae of saurischian dinosaurs, showing the flexure of the shaft of this bone, a, Plateosaurus sp. (SMNS F 65), right ulna in lateral view (reversed). B, same as a, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft, c, Syntarsus rhodesiensis (QG 1), left ulna in lateral view. D, same as c, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft. E, Allosaurus fragilis (MOR 693), left ulna in lateral view. F, same as e, but with the olecranon process 'removed' to highlight the flexure of the bone shaft. G, Deinonychus antirrhopus (YPM 5220), left ulna in lateral view. Scale bars represent 50 mm (a-b, e-f) and 10 mm (c-D, g).
text-fig. 15. Occipital views of the skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and two theropods (b-c), illustrating different character states for several cranial characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostic^-, redrawn from Sereno (19916)- B, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). c, Allosaurusfragilis (braincase only); based on BYU Mes 5583. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; fm, foramen magnum; itf, infratemporal fenestra; oc, occipital condyle; pa, parietal; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; soc, supraoccipital; socw, supraoccipital wedge; sq, squamosal; vcd, foramen for the entrance of the vena capitis dorsalis. Dashed lines indicate the level of the dorsal margin of the occipital condyle (wide dash) and the level of the bases of the paroccipital processes (narrow dash). Scale bars represent 10 mm (a) and 50 mm (b-c). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 15. Occipital views of the skulls of a basal ornithischian (a) and two theropods (b-c), illustrating different character states for several cranial characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostic^-, redrawn from Sereno (19916)- B, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). c, Allosaurusfragilis (braincase only); based on BYU Mes 5583. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; fm, foramen magnum; itf, infratemporal fenestra; oc, occipital condyle; pa, parietal; po, postorbital; pop, paroccipital process; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; soc, supraoccipital; socw, supraoccipital wedge; sq, squamosal; vcd, foramen for the entrance of the vena capitis dorsalis. Dashed lines indicate the level of the dorsal margin of the occipital condyle (wide dash) and the level of the bases of the paroccipital processes (narrow dash). Scale bars represent 10 mm (a) and 50 mm (b-c).
text-fig. 17. Lateral view of the braincase, illustrating states for several braincase characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus; redrawn from Sereno (1991Z?). B, Troödon formosus; based on Currie and Zhao (1993a); the paroccipital process of Troödon is shown in cross-section to illustrate the internal pneumatic cavity within this bone. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; bpt, basipterygoid process; boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; ep, episthotic; f, frontal; fo, fenestra ovalis; ic, foramen for the entrance of the vidian canal for the internal carotid; jf, jugular foramen; Is, laterosphenoid; mf, metotic fissure; o, orbital facet on the frontal; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; osp, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pn, pneumatic openings or cavities; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; ps, parasphenoid; pspc, parasphenoid capsule; ptf, posttemporal foramen; vcm, exit of the vena capitis medialis; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 17. Lateral view of the braincase, illustrating states for several braincase characters, a, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnosticus; redrawn from Sereno (1991Z?). B, Troödon formosus; based on Currie and Zhao (1993a); the paroccipital process of Troödon is shown in cross-section to illustrate the internal pneumatic cavity within this bone. Abbreviations: atr, anterior tympanic recess; bpt, basipterygoid process; boc, basioccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tuber; ep, episthotic; f, frontal; fo, fenestra ovalis; ic, foramen for the entrance of the vidian canal for the internal carotid; jf, jugular foramen; Is, laterosphenoid; mf, metotic fissure; o, orbital facet on the frontal; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; osp, orbitosphenoid; pa, parietal; pn, pneumatic openings or cavities; pop, paroccipital process; pro, prootic; ps, parasphenoid; pspc, parasphenoid capsule; ptf, posttemporal foramen; vcm, exit of the vena capitis medialis; Roman numbers refer to the foramina for the exits of cranial nerves. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
text-fig. 12. Left postorbital of two theropods in lateral view and cross-section through the jugal process, illustrating the differences in the outline of the cross-sections (character 41). A, Allosaurus fragilis, based on Madsen (1976). B, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, based on OUM J 13558. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm. in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 12. Left postorbital of two theropods in lateral view and cross-section through the jugal process, illustrating the differences in the outline of the cross-sections (character 41). A, Allosaurus fragilis, based on Madsen (1976). B, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, based on OUM J 13558. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; lat, lateral. Scale bars represent 10 mm.
Text-fig. 9. Alternating field demagnetization - sample No. 230, Section No. 2 (reversed polarity). Top left - DRM vector directions during demagnetization process, white circles - projection of vector directions to the upper hemisphere; top right - Zijderveld diagram, black circles - projection of vector directions into xy plane, white circles - projection of vector directions into xz plane; bottom left - normalised magnetization intensity values during the alternation field demagnetization. in New Updated Results Of Paleomagnetic Dating Of Cave Deposits Exposed In Za Hájovnou Cave, Javoříčko Karst
Text-fig. 9. Alternating field demagnetization - sample No. 230, Section No. 2 (reversed polarity). Top left - DRM vector directions during demagnetization process, white circles - projection of vector directions to the upper hemisphere; top right - Zijderveld diagram, black circles - projection of vector directions into xy plane, white circles - projection of vector directions into xz plane; bottom left - normalised magnetization intensity values during the alternation field demagnetization.
Figure 3 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 3 - An updated database with final column titles and unique identifier added for each record.
CORDIS H2020 PROJECT DATA PROCESSED TEXT
<p>Dataset about research projects funded under the programme Horizon 2020, from 2014 to 2020. Each text file corresponds to a specific research project (grant agreement).</p>
Harnessing Natural Language Processing to Deciphers Ancient Temple Texts
<p>This paper explores the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to digitize and translate ancient Indian temple inscriptions. By applying machine learning to ancient languages like Sanskrit and Tamil, the research offers methods to decode and reconstruct eroded texts. Semantic analysis tools are also used to uncover the cultural and historical significance of the inscriptions. This interdisciplinary approach combines data science with cultural preservation, providing new ways to understand ancient texts.</p>
Figure 5 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 5 - Example of a scientific name entry.
Figure 1 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 1 - A typical species record from the checklist.
Figure 4 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 4 - Data correctly aligned with columns.
Figure 6 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 6 - Synonym records (highlighted) added and linked.
Figure 2 from: Remsen D, Knapp S, Georgiev T, Stoev P, Penev L (2012) From text to structured data: Converting a word-processed floristic checklist into Darwin Core Archive format. PhytoKeys 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.9.2770
Figure 2 - Taxon records imported into a database.
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