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86 results for “Time of Flight”
Species' traits modulate rapid changes in flight time in high-Arctic muscid flies under climate change
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Time-Optimal Planning for Quadrotor Waypoint Flight
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Precise timing is ubiquitous, consistent and coordinated across a comprehensive, spike-resolved flight motor program
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Proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) as a tool for studying animal volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
<p>1. Chemical sensing in vertebrates is crucial in their lives, and efforts are undertaken towards deciphering their chemical language. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a group of chemicals believed to play an essential role in a wide variety of animal interactions. Therefore, understanding what animals sense themselves and untangling the ecological role of their volatile cues can be accomplished by analysing VOC emissions. A Proton-Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) is an instrument that measures VOCs in real-time in an air sample. Since this technique acts as a hyper-sensitive 'nose' it has a similar potential in deciphering the chemical language of vertebrates.</p> <p>2. Here, we validate the use of PTR-TOF-MS as a tool to measure VOCs from vertebrates, which in turn will help resolve vertebrate interactions through VOCs. The instrument monitors and records the full spectrum of VOCs emitted by an individual with a high accuracy and low detection limit, including transient VOC emissions. We propose and test diverse measuring configurations that allow for measurement of VOC emissions from different vertebrates and their exudates: full body, specific parts of the body, urine and femoral pores. In addition, we test configurations for sudden and short-lasting processes as VOCs emitted during adder skin shedding as well as the emissions of skin secretions upon mechanical and physiological stimulation in amphibia. Our configurations work in tandem with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to allow compound structure verification.</p> <p>3. We discuss the configurations and methodologies used and conclude with recommendations for further studies, such as the choice of chamber size and flow. We also report the results of the measurements on vertebrates —that are novel to science— and discuss their ecological meaning.</p> <p>4. We argue that PTR-TOF-MS has a high potential to resolve important unanswered questions in vertebrate chemical ecology with great adaptability to a wide range of experimental setups. If combined with a structure verification tool, such as GC-MS, the creative deployment of PTR-TOF-MS in various future study designs will lead to the identification of ecologically relevant VOCs.</p>
Response of protonated, adduct, and fragmented ions in Vocus proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass (PTR-ToF-MS) spectrometer
<p>Here, we provide the time series and processed results of two sets of experiments: RH experimental results and instrument setting results:</p> <p><a href="../api/records/10947779/draft/files/202305015_E_N_BSQ_RF.pxp/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">202305015_E_N_BSQ_RF.pxp</a>: instrument setting results.</p> <p><a href="../api/records/10947779/draft/files/VOC_PTR_RH_20230427.pxp/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VOC_PTR_RH_20230427.pxp</a>: RH experimental results.</p> <p><a href="../api/records/10947779/draft/files/VOC_PTR_S_k_20230501.pxp/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">VOC_PTR_S_k_20230501.pxp</a>: k value result analysis</p>
Reproducible, high-dimensional imaging in archival human tissue by Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging by Time-of-Flight (MIBI-TOF)
<p>1. SingleChannelMIBI.zip: Single-channel MIBI-TOF images</p> <p>All folders are labeled as Slide[Number]Stain[Number]_Point[Number]_[TMACoreIndex], where the slide number and stain number correspond to the slide and day of staining, the point number corresponds to the order in which the images were collected for each slide, and the TMA core index corresponds to the ID of the tissue microarray core. Each folder contains single-channel TIFFs for each marker. See paper for details.</p> <p>2. SegmentationOutput.zip: Segmentation output of MIBI-TOF images</p> <p>Cell segmentation was performed using Mesmer (Greenwald NF, Nature Biotechnology 2021, https://www.deepcell.org/predict). Output of Mesmer that delineates the single cells in each of the images is included here. Naming convention is the same as above.</p> <p>3. DataTables.zip: Data tables that are needed to run mpi_ppp_ihc_regression.ipynb</p> <p>Contains MIBI-TOF data (ionpath_processed_data.csv), MIBI-TOF calibration data (calibration_data.csv), IHC data (ihc_data.csv), and a map of each sample to its tissue type (tissue_data.csv). Also includes cell table output from Mesmer with the cell clusters appended to the table (cell_table_size_normalized_clusters.csv).</p>
The behavioural responses of Lasiorhinus latifrons to night-time and daytime drone flight
<p>The use of drones in wildlife research and management is increasing. Recent evidence has demonstrated the impact of drones on animal behavior but the response of nocturnal animals to drone flight remains unknown. Utilising a lightweight commercial drone, the behavioral response of southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons) to drone flights was observed at Kooloola Station, Swan Reach, South Australia. All wombats flown over during both day and night flights responded behaviorally to the presence of drones. The response differed based on time of day. The most common night-time behavior elicited by drone flight was retreat, compared to stationary alertness behavior observed for daytime drone flights. The behavioral response of the wombats increased as flight altitude decreased. The marked difference of behavior between day and night indicates that this has implications for studies using drones. The behavior observed during flights was altered due to the presence of the drone, and therefore shrewd study design is important (i.e.acclimation period to drone flight). Considering the sensory adaptations of the target species and how this may impact its behavioral response when flying at night is essential.</p>
Drivers of Odonata flight timing revealed by natural history collection data
<p>Global change may cause widespread phenological shifts. But knowledge of the extent and generality of these shifts is limited by the availability of phenological records with sufficiently large spatiotemporal extents. Using North American odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) as a model system, we show how a combination of natural history museum and community science collections, beginning in 1901 and extending through 2020, can be leveraged to better understand phenology.</p> <p>We begin with an analysis of odonate functional traits. Principal coordinate analysis is used to place odonate genera within a three-dimensional trait ordination. From this, we identify seven distinct functional groups and select a single odonate genus to represent each group. Next, we pair the odonate records with a list of environmental covariates, including air temperature and degree days, photoperiod, precipitation, latitude, and elevation. An iterative subsampling process is then used to mitigate spatiotemporal sampling bias within the odonate dataset. Finally, we use path analysis to quantify the direct effects of degree days, photoperiod, and precipitation on odonate emergence timing, while accounting for indirect effects of latitude, elevation, and year.</p> <p>Path models showed that degree days, photoperiod, and precipitation each have a significant influence on odonate emergence timing, but degree days have the largest overall effect. Notably, the effect that each covariate has on emergence timing varied among functional groups, with positive relationships observed for some group representatives and negative relationships observed for others. For instance, Calopteryx sp. emerged earlier as degree days increased, while Sympetrum sp. emerged later.</p> <p>Previous studies have linked odonate emergence timing to temperature, photoperiod, or precipitation. By using natural history museum and community science data to simultaneously examine all three influences, we show that systems-level understanding of odonate phenology may now be possible. </p>
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (EESI-TOF): Part I, biogenic influences and day/night chemistry in summer
<p>Ambient measurement campaign took place during summer 2016 in Zurich. The sources of organic aerosol were disclosed. The novel extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) could provide direct chemical evidence linking ambient SOA to its precursor emissions including a strong influence of biogenic emissions. Additionally provided some insight into the day/night reaction environment and high-detailed chemical composition.</p>
Reconstructed spatial resolution and contrast recovery with Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction (Q.Clear) for FDG-PET compared to time-of-flight (TOF) with point spread function (PSF)
<p>DICOM data and SPSS datasets with all derived measures (SUV, recovery coefficients, spatial resolution, SNR) that are the basis for the publication.</p>
Supplemental Video for "Direct Two-Dimensional Goniometric Steering of Vacuum Electrospray Ion Beams for Angular Time-of-Flight Studies"
<p>Supplemental video for the paper submitted to RSI titled "Direct Two-Dimensional Goniometric Aiming of Vacuum Electrospray Ion Beams for Angular Time-of-Flight Studies". </p> <p>A dual-axis goniometer is used to directly aim a vacuum electrospray ionization source (vESI). This device enables the ion beam to be aimed onto a target to dramatically increase the SNR of downstream diagnostics while also enable angular time-of-flight studies of the vESI plumes.</p>
Data from: Great tits do not compensate over time for a radio-tag-induced reduction in escape-flight performance
<p>The use of biologging and tracking devices is widespread in avian behavioural and ecological studies. Carrying these devices rarely has major behavioural or fitness effects in the wild, yet it may still impact animals in more subtle ways, such as during high power demanding escape manoeuvres. Here, we tested whether or not great tits (Parus major) carrying a backpack radio-tag changed their body-mass or flight behaviour over time to compensate for the detrimental effect of carrying a tag. We tested 18 great tits, randomly assigned to a control (untagged) or one of two different types of a radio-tag as used in previous studies in the wild (0.9 g or 1.2 g; ~5% or ~6–7% of body mass, respectively), and determined their upward escape-flight performance 1, 7, 14, and 28 days-after-tagging. In between experiments, birds were housed in large free-flight aviaries. For each escape-flight, we used high-speed 3D videography to determine flight paths, escape-flight-speed, wingbeat frequency and actuator-disk-loading (ratio between the bird weight and aerodynamic thrust production capacity). Tagged birds flew upwards with lower escape-flight speeds, caused by an increased actuator-disk-loading. During the 28-day period, all groups slightly increased their body mass and their in-flight wingbeat frequency. In addition, during this period all groups of birds increased their escape-flight speed, but tagged birds did so at a lower rate than untagged birds. This suggests that birds may increase their escape flight performance through skill-learning, however, tagged birds still remained slower than controls. Our findings suggest that tagging a songbird can have a prolonged effect on the performance of rapid flight manoeuvres. Given the absence of tag-effects on reproduction and survival in most songbird radio-tagging studies, tagged birds in the wild might adjust their risk-taking behaviour to avoid performing rapid flight manoeuvres.</p>
Supplementary data Quantitative elemental mapping of chondritic meteorites using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOF-MS)
<p>Supplementary data Quantitative elemental mapping of chondritic meteorites using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOF-MS)English</p>
Fig. 2 in Global metabolome analysis of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeobacter italicus R11 Co-cultures using thermal desorption - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography - Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS)
Fig. 2. Workflow for sample preparation and injection. Culture samples were filtered and dried (A–B). Dried filter papers were placed in clean vials (C) and then resuspended in methanol (D) before being extracted with Chloroform (E). Water was added (F) and subsequently, the chloroform layer was aliquotted into GC vials (G) for further sample preparation. Extracts were dried (H) and then derivatized using a two-step methoximation/silylation process to yield derivatized extracts (I). 9-μL aliquots of derivatized extracts were automatically transferred to microvial inserts in thermal desorption tubes for injection (J) using an initial solvent vent step to remove excess solvent and derivatisation reagents (K), followed by thermal desorption to a cooled PTV inlet and subsequent splitless injection to the GC × GC-TOFMS system. Non-volatile residues from the extracts remained in the microvial insert for subsequent disposal (L). See text for details.
Fig. 4 in Global metabolome analysis of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeobacter italicus R11 Co-cultures using thermal desorption - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography - Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS)
Fig. 4. From left to right: results of principal component analysis of the raw data (autoscaled), similarly scaled data normalised to class-specific TUPA, and the normalised, scaled data using the selected features from the FS-CR routine. Quality control samples were not included in the feature selection routine, and are displayed as filled icons connected to their corresponding replicate with a straight line, following projection into the optimised principal component space. Confidence ellipses were drawn about each sample class for a confidence interval of 0.95. Note the convention: DUN refers to D. tertiolecta samples, CO refers to co-culture samples, and BAC refers to P. italicus R11 samples.
Dataset for "Multi-photon time-of-flight MLEM application for the positronium imaging in J-PET"
<p>Dataset used to reconstruct an image of 4-sources. Simulated using J-PET Geant4 and analyzed with the J-PET Framework.</p><p>In the form of <br>X position [cm], Y position [cm], Z position [cm], Time [ps]<br>for every hit in an event and as folows<br>deexcitation hit, first annihilation hit, second annihilation hit</p>
Evaluation of Lung Volume Under Nasal High Flow With a Time of Flight Camera
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04096183. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Proteomic Approach Using Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) of Tumor Response in Rectal Carcinoma After Radiochemotherapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00855946. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 34.
Data from: Great tits do not compensate over time for a radio-tag-induced reduction in escape-flight performance
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The behavioural responses of Lasiorhinus latifrons to night-time and daytime drone flight
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.