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112 results for “Time trees”

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zenodo40/100

Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a in Fig. 3 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Responses of Phyllostomid Bats to Traditional Agriculture in Neotropical Montane Forests of Southern Mexico.

Fig. 1. The modified time calibrated Bayesian tree and a plot of four major avian developmental modes (Prum et al. 2015). The complete tree is divided into parts A and B. Scale in the Y-axis: millions of years ago.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

zenodo40/100

Data from: Using Landsat time-series to investigate nearly 50 years of tree canopy cover change across an urban-rural landscape in southern Ontario

Paper Abstract: Canadian urban and adjacent landscapes have been dynamic over the last 50 years due to land management, land cover alternations, climate change, and disturbances. Remote sensing, particularly the Landsat archive, provides the only means to spatially quantify these long-term dynamics locally. Here, we explore the utility of Landsat, including the often-forgotten MSS sensor, for investigating percent tree canopy cover (TCC) change between 1972 and 2020 in a Canadian urban-rural context. We build a TCC time-series by training random forest models using visually interpreted TCC from high-resolution imagery. Predictors include topographic and yearly LandsatLinkr-harmonized and LandTrendr-fitted tasseled cap indices. Yearly binary TCC maps are built to mask consistently treeless areas and limit noise. To increase confidence in observed TCC change without historical reference imagery, we investigate multiple temporal validation options. Our TCC time-series (R2: 0.89, RMSE: 10.7%), quantifies TCC dynamics while limiting erroneous change and predictor space extrapolation. We explore TCC changes across landscapes, revealing periods of gain and loss associated with agricultural reforestation (1978-1996), housing development (on-going), drought (late 1990s), emerald ash borer (2010s), an ice storm (2013), and other drivers. Results demonstrate how long-term Landsat time-series can be used to better understand historical tree canopy change at local-regional scales.    Dataset details: See paper.  <ul> <li>cc_72to20.tif: Yearly tree CC predictions (1972-2020)</li> <li>always_nonforest10_nowater.tif: continuous-non-canopy mask</li> <li>water.tif: water mask</li> <li>Yearly.zip: Annual predictors (including CC10) and asc outputs</li> </ul>   See code on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/ZZMitch/PredictTreeCC_Landsat_1972to2020">ZZMitch/PredictTreeCC_Landsat_1972to2020: Code from the portion of my PhD about using Landsat time-series to predict tree canopy cover from 1972 - 2020. Code will be released as papers are published. (github.com)</a>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

dryad40/100

Exotics are more complementary over time in tree biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments

Background and aims The Biodiversity – Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) literature proposes that ecosystem functioning increases with biodiversity because of complementarity in resource use among species, associated with functional diversity. In this study, we challenge the trait-based ecology framework by comparing congeneric exotic (European) and native (North American) tree species showing similar resource-use functional trait values. The trait-based framework suggests that two functionally equivalent species should play similar roles in a community, resulting in similar interactions and performances. However, several studies showed that when growing in mixtures, exotic species that are functionally equivalent to native species benefitted from enemy-release, resulting in a reduced apparent competition. We hypothesize that exotic species should be more productive than native species because the exotic species benefit from reduced apparent competition due to enemy-release rather than from possessing more competitive resource-use functional traits. Methods We study a diversity experiments, part of the International Diversity Experiment Network with Trees (IDENT), composed of two identical sites, each with two orthogonal diversity gradients: species richness and functional diversity. The functional gradient consists of species combinations of equal richness but increasing functional diversity, using different combinations of species provenance to assess the relationship between productivity, functional diversity and species provenance, independently of species richness. We grew a total of 12 species (six native, six exotic) in different combinations of one, two and six species mixtures. The exotic species were selected based on their functional equivalence to their native congeneric species. Key Results Eight years after planting, we found that exotic species were more productive than native species, but only at high functional diversity. Results indicate that exotic species overall benefit from a reduced apparent competition, and that exotic-increased productivity at high functional diversity is consistent with the enemy release hypothesis. Conclusions After eight years, exotic species were more productive overall than their native counterparts, but only in the most functionally diverse communities. This study represents a first step in understanding the relative importance of complementarity in resource-use and apparent competition in a context of an exotic tree species invasion.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

zenodo40/100

FIG, 1. John William Daly (1933–2008) on the upper Río San Juan. This paper is dedicated to John Daly, our late friend and colleague, who helped collect three of the new species here described. In addition to his globally acclaimed discoveries in chemistry and pharmacology, John was an accomplished field herpetologist who contributed importantly to the systematics and natural history of dendrobatoid frogs (see Grant et al., 2006; Myers, 2009). This photograph shows John at age 37, with the upper Río San Juan behind him and branches overhead of a madroño tree (probably Garcinia magnifolia, syn. Rheedia chocoensis, Clusiaceae). When in South America, John was never far from a dendrobatid frog—this time, in the tree above his head, a tiny, undescribed semiarboreal species (also collected and later named "Dendrobates fuguritus" by our colleague Philip Silverstone). Other dendrobatids found nearby included Phyllobates aurotaenia (Boulenger, 1913), which was then being used for poisoning blowgun darts, and also the nontoxic species that we name Silverstoneia dalyi herein. (Photograph by C. W. Myers, 2 km above Playa de Oro, Chocó, February 16, 1971.) in Review of the Frog Genus Silverstoneia, with Descriptions of Five New Species from the Colombian Chocó (Dendrobatidae: Colostethinae)

FIG, 1. John William Daly (1933–2008) on the upper Río San Juan. This paper is dedicated to John Daly, our late friend and colleague, who helped collect three of the new species here described. In addition to his globally acclaimed discoveries in chemistry and pharmacology, John was an accomplished field herpetologist who contributed importantly to the systematics and natural history of dendrobatoid frogs (see Grant et al., 2006; Myers, 2009). This photograph shows John at age 37, with the upper Río San Juan behind him and branches overhead of a madroño tree (probably Garcinia magnifolia, syn. Rheedia chocoensis, Clusiaceae). When in South America, John was never far from a dendrobatid frog—this time, in the tree above his head, a tiny, undescribed semiarboreal species (also collected and later named "Dendrobates fuguritus" by our colleague Philip Silverstone). Other dendrobatids found nearby included Phyllobates aurotaenia (Boulenger, 1913), which was then being used for poisoning blowgun darts, and also the nontoxic species that we name Silverstoneia dalyi herein. (Photograph by C. W. Myers, 2 km above Playa de Oro, Chocó, February 16, 1971.)

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2013View details →

dryad40/100