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34 results for “Triops”
Fig. 8 Triops gadensis n in Phylogeny, molecular ecology and taxonomy of southern Iberian lineages of Triops mauritanicus (Crustacea: Notostraca)
Fig. 8 Triops gadensis n. sp., adult male (holotype). a Telson, dorsal view. b Distal part of 2nd trunk limb. c Proximal region of 5th endite of 2nd trunk limb
Fig. 7 Triops baeticus n in Phylogeny, molecular ecology and taxonomy of southern Iberian lineages of Triops mauritanicus (Crustacea: Notostraca)
Fig. 7 Triops baeticus n. sp., adult male (holotype). a Telson, dorsal view. b Distal part of 2nd trunk limb. c Proximal region of 5th endite of 2nd trunk limb
Data from: Transition in sexual system and sex chromosome evolution in the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis
Transitions in sexual system and reproductive mode may affect the course of sex chromosome evolution, for instance by altering the strength of sexually antagonistic selection. However, there have been few studies of sex chromosomes in systems where such transitions have been documented. The European tadpole shrimp, Triops cancriformis, has undergone a transition from dioecy to androdioecy (a sexual system where hermaphrodites and males coexist), offering an excellent opportunity to test the impact of this transition on the evolution of sex chromosomes. To identify sex-linked markers, to understand mechanisms of sex determination and to investigate differences between sexual systems, we carried out a genome-wide association study using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) of 47 males, females and hermaphrodites from one dioecious and one androdioecious population. We analysed 22.9 Gb of paired-end sequences and identified and scored >3000 high coverage novel genomic RAD markers. Presence–absence of markers, single-nucleotide polymorphism association and read depth identified 52 candidate sex-linked markers. We show that sex is genetically determined in T. cancriformis, with a ZW system conserved across dioecious and androdioecious populations and that hermaphrodites have likely evolved from females. We also show that the structure of the sex chromosomes differs strikingly, with a larger sex-linked region in the dioecious population compared with the androdioecious population.
Data from: De novo assembly of a tadpole shrimp (Triops newberryi) transcriptome and preliminary differential gene expression analysis
Next-generation sequencing techniques, such as RNA sequencing, have provided a wealth of genomic information for nonmodel species. Transcriptomic information can be used to quantify the patterns of gene expression, which can identify how environmental differences invoke organismal stress responses and provide a gauge in predicting species adaptability. In our study, we used RNA sequencing to characterize the first transcriptome from a naupliar tadpole shrimp (Triops newberryi) to identify the genes expressed during the early life history stages and which could be important for future genomic studies. RNA was extracted from naupliar T. newberryi that were reared in a laboratory-controlled setting and in two different water types, a native and a non-native condition. A total of six replicates, three per condition, were sequenced with the Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 achieving 365 M 50-nt reads. High-quality reads were produced and de novo assembly was used to construct a T. newberryi transcriptome that was approximately 24.8 M base pairs. More than 10 000 peptides were predicted from the assembly, and genes were sorted into gene ontology categories. The use of different water conditions allowed for a preliminary differential gene expression analysis in order to compare the changes in gene expression between conditions. There were 299 differentially expressed genes between water conditions that might serve as a focal point for future genomic studies of Triops acclimation to different environments. The Triops transcriptome could serve as vital genomic information for additional studies on Branchiopod crustaceans.
Data from: Self-fertilization and the role of males in populations of tadpole shrimp (Branchiopoda: Notostraca: Triops)
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Data from: Transition in sexual system and sex chromosome evolution in the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis
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Data from: De novo assembly of a tadpole shrimp (Triops newberryi) transcriptome and preliminary differential gene expression analysis
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Data from: Evolutionary relationships within the Triops (Notostraca: Branchiopoda) using complete mitochondrial genomes
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FIGURE 1 in Evidence for cryptic species in the tadpole shrimp Triops granarius (Lucas, 1864) (Crustacea: Notostraca)
FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic relationships within the Notostraca as reconstructed from (a) 12S (one of 12 MP trees; tree length=350, CI=0.6200, RI=0.8811) and (b) 16S (one of 4 MP trees; tree length=321, CI=0.7539, RI=0.9345) gene sequences with maximum parsimony (heuristic search with the settings gapmode=new, add=cl). Branch lengths are proportional to genetic divergence. Numbers above (or to the left of) branches indicate bootstrap support calculated by maximum parsimony (settings as above and with maxtrees=1000, nreps=1000) to the left and (for an additional comparison) calculated by NJ with MLdistances (nreps=1000) to the right of the "/".
Fig. 5 in Molecular and morphological delimitation of Australian Triops species (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca)-large diversity and little morphological differentiation
Fig. 5 PCA and CVA of the morphological data of main lineages. a PCA of ovisacs-bearing individuals, b CVA of ovisacs-bearing individuals, and c PCA of males. All main lineages are represented by a specific symbol. In the CVA, all main lineages were predefined to maximize the variance
Fig. 6 in Molecular and morphological delimitation of Australian Triops species (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Notostraca)-large diversity and little morphological differentiation
Fig. 6 Examples of the morphological variability of the telson. a AM P.92060 (lineage A1), b AM P.92149 (lineage B2), c AM P.92099 (lineage D), d AM P.92194 (lineage E), e AM P.92179 (lineage F2), f
Fig. 6 in Phylogeny, molecular ecology and taxonomy of southern Iberian lineages of Triops mauritanicus (Crustacea: Notostraca)
Fig. 6 Resting-egg size in populations of Triops cancriformis and main lineages of T. mauritanicus (C = 'Cádiz' lineage; G = 'Gitanilla' lineage; MM = T. m. mauritanicus; MS = T. m. simplex; P = 'Portuguese' lineage; S. I = 'S.Iberian' lineage; T.c.c. = Triops c. cancriformis). Eggs from populations 082, 084, 058, 108–111, 119, 120–123, 130 and some eggs from population 103 obtained from lab cultures, remaining samples extracted from field-collected sediments; for details on populations see Table A1. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals
Fig. 5 in Phylogeny, molecular ecology and taxonomy of southern Iberian lineages of Triops mauritanicus (Crustacea: Notostraca)
Fig. 5 Unrooted NJ tree of squared Mahalanobis distances between group centroids obtained from discriminant function analysis of morphological data on adult males of all known Triops mauritanicus lineages. Abbreviations: T.m.m. = T. m. mauritanicus; T.m.s = T. m. simplex
Fig. A1 in Phylogeny, molecular ecology and taxonomy of southern Iberian lineages of Triops mauritanicus (Crustacea: Notostraca)
Fig. A1 ML tree based on COI sequences (RAxML program, setting 'estimate proportion of invariable sites'; best evolutionary model obtained by Modeltest was TrN+I+G, selected by AIC). ML bootstrap support (obtained with RAxML) given for selected branches. Outgroups [GenBank sequences of Lepidurus apus (accession number EF189669), L. arcticus (AF209067), L. couesii (DQ310622), L. lemmoni (GQ144447), Triops longicaudatus (DQ310623 and GQ144444), T. australiensis (DQ889135), T. granarius (GQ144446)] removed for clarity. Samples labelled, as applicable, with short names of main phylogenetic lineages (Table A1) followed by museum specimen tissue voucher numbers (MTD-TW; sequences submitted to GenBank, acc. nrs. FN691430–FN691444) or by GenBank accessions, or labelled with GenBank accessions containing numbers but no lineage data (samples with GenBank taxon labels apparently resulting from erroneous species identification, i.e. samples submitted to GenBank with invalid species names). Abbreviations: T.c. = Triops cancriformis; T.m. = T. mauritanicus
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