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79 results for “Trophic morphology”
Fig. 11 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 11. Lateral view of head of Dim and M. saltini showing similarity in horn configuration (''the Dim Effect''). Dim character º Disney Enterprises, Inc. and Pixar. Used by permission from Disney Enterprises, Inc.
Figs. 7–9. Stenotarsus nigrivestis Shockley n in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 7–9. Stenotarsus nigrivestis Shockley n. sp. 7) abdomen, ventral view; 8) aedeagus, lateral view; 9) aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 1 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 1. Evides pubiventris (Laporte & Gory 1835), on foliage of Lannea discolor at Geelhoutbosch, Limpopo Province, January 1999. Photograph by C. L. Bellamy.
Fig. 2 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 2. Evides gambiensis (Laporte & Gory 1835), on foliage of Lannea discolor at Geelhoutbosch, Limpopo Province, January 1999. Photograph by C. L. Bellamy.
Figures 1–3. Sambomorpha spp. Fig. 1 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figures 1–3. Sambomorpha spp. Fig. 1) S. costarica Bellamy, 1997, holotype; Fig. 2) S. corona, sp.nov. holotype; Fig. 3) S. panama, sp. nov. holotype. Scale bars 5 1.0 mm.
Fig. 3 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 3. Fat body conditions representative of diapause (a-male, b-female) and reproductive (c-male, d-female) brassica leaf beetle, Phaedon brassicae. The bars represent 1.00 mm. FB, fat body; HG, hindgut; M, Malpighian tube; O, ovary; T, testis.
Fig. 2 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 2. Reproductive system representative of diapause (a-male, b-female) and reproductive (c-male, d-female) brassica leaf beetle, Phaedon brassicae. The bars represent 1.00 mm. AG, accessory gland; EDC, common ejaculatory duct; EDL, lateral ejaculatory duct; ES, ejaculatory sac; CE, chorionated egg; O, ovary; PVO, previtellogenic oocyte.
Fig. 10 in Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Fig. 10. Female genital of Synolabus bipustulatus. Scale line 5 500 mm. bc 5 bursa copulatrix; ov 5 oviduct; rc 5 rectum; sd 5 spermathecal duct.
Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
<p>Suction-feeding in fish is a ubiquitous form of prey capture whose outcome depends both on the movements of the predator and the prey, and on the dynamics of the surrounding fluid, which exerts forces on the two organisms. The inherent complexity of suction-feeding has challenged previous efforts to understand how the feeding strikes are modified when species evolve to feed on different prey types. Here, we utilize the concept of dynamic similarity, commonly applied to understanding the mechanisms of swimming, flying, walking, and aquatic feeding. We characterize the hydrodynamic regimes pertaining to 1) the forward movement of the fish (ram), and 2) the suction flows for feeding strikes of 71 species of acanthomorph fish. A discriminant function analysis revealed that feeding strikes of zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores could be distinguished based on their hydrodynamic regimes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that there are distinctive hydrodynamic adaptive peaks associated with zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores. The scaling of dynamic similarity across species, body sizes, and feeding guilds in fish indicates that elementary hydrodynamic principles govern the trophic evolution of suction-feeding in fish.</p>
Data from: Trophic divergence despite morphological convergence in a continental radiation of snakes
Ecological and phenotypic convergence is a potential outcome of adaptive radiation in response to ecological opportunity. However, a number of factors may limit convergence during evolutionary radiations, including interregional differences in biogeographic history and clade-specific constraints on form and function. Here, we demonstrate that a single clade of terrestrial snakes from Australia—the oxyuranine elapids—exhibits widespread morphological convergence with a phylogenetically diverse and distantly related assemblage of snakes from North America. Australian elapids have evolved nearly the full spectrum of phenotypic modalities that occurs among North American snakes. Much of the convergence appears to involve the recurrent evolution of stereotyped morphologies associated with foraging mode, locomotion and habitat use. By contrast, analysis of snake diets indicates striking divergence in feeding ecology between these faunas, partially reflecting regional differences in ecological allometry between Australia and North America. Widespread phenotypic convergence with the North American snake fauna coupled with divergence in feeding ecology are clear examples of how independent continental radiations may converge along some ecological axes yet differ profoundly along others.
Figs. 17– 20. Euoniticellus intermedius. 17 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 17– 20. Euoniticellus intermedius. 17) Mandible; 18) Detail of the tip of the incisor lobe of the mandible; note the type of setae covering the basal surface; 19) Molar lobe of the mandible; 20) Detail of fine transverse ridges of the molar lobe.
Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 30– 33. Attavicinus monstrosus. 30) Maxilla; note the cluster of setae at the base of the first and second sclerite (arrow); 31) Galea with one of the two types of setae present; 32) Small setae on the galea; 33) Apex of the fourth segment of the maxillary palp.
Figs. 13– 16 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 13– 16. Epipharynx of Euoniticellus intermedius. 13) Dorsal view; 14) Detail of setae on the proximal end (arrow); 15) Detail of the phlegmatic area; 16) Distribution of setae on the dorsal side; note the long setae become sparser and start to form a line as they near the medial suture.
Figs. 7– 12. Liatongus rhinocerulus. 7 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 7– 12. Liatongus rhinocerulus. 7) Detail of two types of setae on their posterior end of the epipharynx; 8) Distribution of setae on the incisor lobe of the mandible; 9) Detail of setae on the basal incisor lobe of the mandible; 10) Maxilla; 11) Detail of setae on the galea and lacinia; note the scaly structures on the stipital sclerites (arrow); 12) Apex of the fourth segment of the maxillary palp.
Figs. 1– 6 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 1– 6. Epipharynx of Liatongus rhinocerulus. 1) Dorsal view; 2) Detail of the anterior area of the medial process and the distribution of setae on its surface; 3) Distribution of setae on the medial process (arrow) near the distal end; 4) Posterior area of the medial process; note the structures on either side of the base of the nesium and the lack of setae on the nesium (arrow); 5) Lateral tormae of the epipharynx; 6) Detail of the distribution and different types of setae (arrow).
Figs. 21–22. Euoniticellus intermedius. 21 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 21–22. Euoniticellus intermedius. 21) Maxilla; note the two types of setae and the development of the galea;
Figs. 24–27 in Comparison of Mouthpart Morphology of Three Species of Mexican Oniticellini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Relation to Their Trophic Habits
Figs. 24–27. Epipharynx of Attavicinus monstrosus. 24) Setae on the cephalic part of the medial process; 25) Large, thick setae covering the posterior part, with abundant spines and much thinner setae on the acroparia; 26) Thick and medium-sized setae interspersed near the nesium; 27) Detail of ovoid setae on the base of the nesium base; note that the nesium is completely smooth (arrow).
Data from: Trophic divergence despite morphological convergence in a continental radiation of snakes
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Data from: Linkage and trade-off in trophic morphology and behavioral performance of birds
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Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
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