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128 results for “Ursus”
Text-fig. 8. Photo of gnawing marks on the distal joint of humerus of a bear from the cave bear group (Ursus ex gr. spelaeus). Photo by V. Káňa. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 8. Photo of gnawing marks on the distal joint of humerus of a bear from the cave bear group (Ursus ex gr. spelaeus). Photo by V. Káňa.
Fig. 60. General habitus. A, Rathbunaja ursus n in Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamarck, 1801 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with descriptions of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific
Fig. 60. General habitus. A, Rathbunaja ursus n. sp., holotype male (50.1 × 41.5 mm) (NMCR, ex ZRC 2013.1275), Philippines; B, Rathbunaja ursus n. sp., paratype male (41.6 × 32.8 mm) (ZRC 2013.1276), Philippines; C, Rathbunaja ursus n. sp., paratype female (49.4 × 38.4 mm) (NSMT-Cr 15386), Philippines; D, Rathbunaja ursus n. sp., paratype ovigerous female (46.8 × 36.6 mm) (ZRC 2001.0594), Philippines
Fig. 67. Left G1s, Rathbunaja species. A–D, R. ursus n in Revision of the spider crab genus Maja Lamarck, 1801 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majoidea: Majidae), with descriptions of seven new genera and 17 new species from the Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific
Fig. 67. Left G1s, Rathbunaja species. A–D, R. ursus n. sp., holotype male (50.1 × 41.5 mm) (NMCR, ex ZRC 2013.1275), Philippines; E–G, R. brevipes n. sp., holotype male (24.0 × 18.4 mm) (MNHN-IU-2011-2408), Papua New Guinea. A, E = 5.0 mm; B-G = 1.0 mm; F, G = 0.5 mm.
Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted.
Filtered GBIF dataset of occurrences for food species in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) trophic database
<p>We reviewed 47 studies of brown bear diet in Europe by searching in SCI Journals, master’s and PhD theses, and grey literature. We obtained a list of 276 species in the brown bear diet in Europe and Turkey. We used the R package rgbif to download occurrences of each food species from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). We selected occurrences of food species, with an uncertainty of <1 km2, in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East for the period 1989–2018.</p>
Fig. 1 in New localities of Quaternary fossil Bears (Ursus sp. L.) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ursidae)
Fig. 1. Mazata cave: the cave floor and the area of excavations (left) and the top of the gallery (right), 11.03.2006. Photographs: S. Stoycheva, D. Georgiev.
Fig. 2 in New localities of Quaternary fossil Bears (Ursus sp. L.) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ursidae)
Fig. 2. (see text to the figure in the next page). ▲ Fig. 2. Part of the collected remains of Quaternary bears. Mazata Cave: 1 – upper second molar M2, 2 – lower second molar M, 3 – lower left canine, 4, 5 – left mandible, labial view, 2 and lingual view; Kokalenata Cave: 6 – fragment of right mandible; Modarskata Cave: 7 – left humerus.
Data from: Seasonal and anthropogenic effects on niche overlap and habitat selection by sympatric bears (Ursus arctos marsicanus) and wolves (Canis lupus) in a human-dominated landscape
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Residential development reduces black bear (Ursus americanus) opportunity to scavenge cougar (Puma concolor) killed prey
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Steep and deep: Terrain and climate factors explain brown bear (Ursus arctos) alpine den site selection to guide heli-skiing management
<p>Winter recreation and tourism continue to expand worldwide, and where these activities overlap with valuable wildlife habitat, there is greater potential for conservation concerns. Wildlife populations can be particularly vulnerable to disturbance in alpine habitats as helicopters and snowmachines are increasingly used to access remote backcountry terrain. Brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) have adapted hibernation strategies to survive this period when resources and energy reserves are limited, and disturbance could negatively impact fitness and survival. To help identify areas of potential conflict between helicopter skiing and denning brown bears in Alaska, we developed a model to predict alpine denning habitat and an associated data-based framework for mitigating disturbance activities. Following den emergence in spring, we conducted three annual aerial surveys (2015–2017) and used locations from three GPS-collared bears (2008–2014) to identify 89 brown bear dens above the forest line. We evaluated brown bear den site selection of land cover, terrain, and climate factors using resource selection function (RSF) models. Our top model supported the hypothesis that bears selected dens based on terrain and climate factors that maximized thermal efficiency. Brown bears selected den sites characterized by steep slopes at moderate elevations in smooth, well-drained topographies that promoted vegetation and deep snow. We used the RSF model to map relative probability of den selection and found 85% of dens occurred within terrain predicted as prime denning habitat. Brown bear exposure to helicopter disturbance was evident as moderate to high intensities of helicopter flight tracking data overlapped prime denning habitat, and we quantified where the risk of these impact was greatest. We also documented evidence of late season den abandonment due to disturbance from helicopter skiing. The results from this study provide valuable insights into bear denning habitat requirements in subalpine and alpine landscapes. Our quantitative framework can be used to support conservation planning for winter recreation industries operating in habitats occupied by denning brown bears.</p>
Genotype data from: Restoration of transborder connectivity for Fennoscandian brown bears (Ursus arctos)
<p class="brdtekstNINA">Knowledge about the connectivity among natural populations is essential to identify management units for effective conservation actions. Conservation-minded management has led to the recovery of large carnivore populations in northern Europe, possibly restoring connectivity between the two separated, but expanding brown bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) populations on the Scandinavian peninsula to the west and Karelia, a part of the large Eurasian population, to the east. The degree of connectivity between these populations has been poorly understood, therefore we investigated the extent of connectivity between the two populations using autosomal microsatellites and Y chromosome haplotypes in 924 male bears (the dispersing sex), sampled during a period of 12 years (2005-2017) across the transborder area where these two populations meet. Our results showed that the two populations are not genetically isolated as reported in earlier studies. We detected recent asymmetrical gene flow at a rate (individuals per generation) of 4.6-5.5 (1%) from Karelia into Scandinavia, whereas the rate was approximately 27.1-34.5 (8%) in the opposite direction. We estimated historical gene flow of effective number of migrants to be between 1.7 and 2.5 between the populations. Analyses of Y chromosome markers supported these results. Successful recovery and expansion of both populations led to the restoration of connectivity, however, it is asymmetric, possibly due to different recovery histories and population densities. By aligning monitoring between neighboring countries, we were able to better understand the biological processes across the relevant spatial scale.</p>
Ursus arctos microsatellite fragment sizing, Chilkoot Valley, Alaska, USA 2014
<p>Microsatellite genoytping fragment sizing for 460 non-invasively collected saliva and fecal samples from brown bears (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) in northern Southeast Alaska, USA during summer and fall 2014.<br /> </p>
Locations of black bear (Ursus americanus) reproduction in Nevada from camera-trap data
<p>Understanding factors creating species range boundaries is a fundamental goal of ecology and biogeography. American black bears recolonized the western Great Basin from the Sierra Nevada in the late 1900s but this expansion has not proceeded further into the Great Basin despite the presence of suitable habitat. We deployed 100 camera traps across the occupied range of black bears in the U.S. state of Nevada and tracked bear detections across 3 years. A scent lure was applied in camera trap viewsheds to increase bear detections. We classified detections of bear cubs separately from detections of only adult bears, to serve as an indicator of black bear reproduction occurring at sites. Data are provided in the format necessary for a analysis with multistate occupancy model. Analysis of these data revealed low incidence of reproduction at the periphery of black bear range in the western Great Basin, which likely contributes to range boundary formation.</p>
A tale of four bears: Environmental signal on the phylogeographical patterns within the extant Ursus species
<p>Aim: Assessing the relevance of niche evolution in the diversification patterns and geographical distribution of species driven by climate remains a challenge. We apply an integrative approach to evaluate the role of the environment on the phylogeography of bear species, incorporating fossil data to characterize the changes in the ecological niche through time. We evaluate our approach with the four extant species of bears within Ursus, the best represented taxon in the fossil record of the family Ursidae.</p> <p>Location: Eurasia and North America.</p> <p>Taxa: Asian black bear, Ursus thibetanus; American black bear, U. americanus; Brown bear, U. arctos; and Polar bear, U. maritimus.</p> <p>Methods: We built a genetic and a geographical database from all published mitochondrial DNA sequences and of species occurrence records. We defined the most significant climatic variables based on each species ecological realm using correlation matrices, and characterized the ecological niches and existing environmental conditions with ellipsoid models. We inferred their current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ecological niche modellings (ENMs) and compared the results with the fossil record. We estimated the times of divergence (d‐loop sequences) of lineages and applied a phyloclimatespace approach to discern the phylogeographical patterns along each species' ecological space.</p> <p>Results: Ecological niche modelling showed wider niches for U. thibetanus and U. americanus encompassing higher temperature and precipitation, while U. arctos and<br> U. maritimus showed an opposite pattern. LGM models were consistent with the fossil record, predicting 55%–89% of the fossil occurrences (within their suitability<br> areas). The phyloclimatespace revealed different degrees of environmental signal in the lineages' phylogeographical patterns and ecological trajectories associated with<br> LGM climatic conditions. Results indicated habitat tracking and ecological expansion since the LGM towards more extreme precipitation and temperature conditions for<br> three species, except U. maritimus that showed ecological niche reduction.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Incorporating fossil information from the LGM improved our characterization and interpretation of ecological models, by enabling definition of the limits of the climatic conditions explored by the species in the past. Our approach also provided insights about the existing set of environmental conditions shaping the ecological niche divergence of Ursus bears. We were able to depict key features of the lineages' evolutionary history, ecology and distribution, revealing the dynamics of niche occupation and the environmental signal on the phylogeographical patterns of Ursus.</p>
Modeling the demography of species providing extended parental care: A capture-recapture approach with a case study on Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. In species providing extended parental care, one or both parents care for altricial young over a period including more than one breeding season. We expect large parental investment and long-term dependency within family units to cause high variability in life trajectories among individuals with complex consequences at the population level. So far, models for estimating demographic parameters in free-ranging animal populations mostly ignore extended parental care, thereby limiting our understanding of its consequences on parents and offspring life histories.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. We designed a capture-recapture multi-event model for studying the demography of species providing extended parental care. It handles statistical multiple-year dependency among individual demographic parameters grouped within family units, variable litter size, and uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence. It allows for the evaluation of trade-offs among demographic parameters, the influence of past reproductive history on the caring parent's survival status, breeding probability and litter size probability, while accounting for imperfect detection of family units. We assess the model performance using simulated data, and illustrate its use with a long-term dataset collected on the Svalbard polar bears (<i>Ursus maritimus</i>).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. Our model performed well in terms of bias and mean square error and in estimating demographic parameters in all simulated scenarios, both when offspring departure probability from the family unit occurred at a constant rate or varied during the field season depending on the date of capture. For the polar bear case study, we provide estimates of adult and dependent offspring survival rates, breeding probability and litter size probability. Results showed that the outcome of the previous reproduction influenced breeding probability.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. Overall, our results show the importance of accounting for i) the multiple-year statistical dependency within family units, ii) uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence, and iii) past reproductive history of the caring parent. If ignored, estimates obtained for breeding probability, litter size, and survival can be biased. This is of interest in terms of conservation because species providing extended parental care are often long-living mammals vulnerable or threatened with extinction.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Bearskull - Ursus arctos
To be updated Photography/Modeling; Trond Sverre Kristiansen http://www.ntnu.edu/employees/trond.s.skevik, NTNU Science Museum http://www.ntnu.edu/museum Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Image of Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Image of Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Image of Ursus americanus (Ursidae) - whole organism
Autosomal SNP-genotype data of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Finland
<p>Harmonising methodology between countries is crucial in transborder population monitoring. However, immediate application of alleged, established DNA-based methods across the extended area can entail drawbacks and may lead to biases. Therefore, genetic methods need to be tested across the whole area before being deployed. Around 4,500 brown bears (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) live in Norway, Sweden, and Finland and they are divided into the western (Scandinavian) and eastern (Karelian) population. Both populations have recovered and are connected via asymmetric migration. DNA-based population monitoring in Norway and Sweden uses the same set of genetic markers. With Finland aiming to implement monitoring, we tested the available SNP-panel developed to assess brown bears in Norway and Sweden, on tissue samples from a representative set of 93 legally harvested individuals from Finland. The aim was to test for ascertainment bias and evaluate its suitability for DNA-based transnational-monitoring covering all three countries. We compared results to the performance of microsatellite genotypes of the same individuals in Finland and against SNP-genotypes from individuals sampled in Sweden (<em>N</em>=95) and Norway (<em>N</em>=27). In Finland, a higher resolution for individual identification was obtained for SNPs (PI=1.18E-27) compared to microsatellites (PI=4.2E-11). Compared to Norway and Sweden, probability of identity of the SNP-panel was slightly higher and expected heterozygosity lower in Finland indicating ascertainment bias. Yet, our evaluation show that the available SNP-panel outperforms the microsatellite panel currently applied in Norway and Sweden. The SNP-panel represents a powerful tool that could aid improving transnational DNA-based monitoring of brown bears across these three countries.</p>
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