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63 results for “Vanilla”
Data from: Land-use intensification increases richness of native and exotic herbaceous plants, but not endemics, in Malagasy vanilla landscapes
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Data from: QTL mapping genotype and phenotype data, Vanilla x MCM5001
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Data from: Decreasing predation rates and shifting predator compositions along a land-use gradient in Madagascar's vanilla landscapes
<p>1. Land-use change is the main driver of deforestation and land degradation resulting in the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in north-eastern Madagascar. Vanilla, the region's main cash crop, is grown in agroforestry systems and may provide an opportunity for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.</p> <p>2. We used dummy caterpillars to assess predation rates and predator communities along a land-use gradient including unburned old-growth and forest fragments, herbaceous and woody fallows after shifting cultivation with fire usage, as well as rice paddies. The studied vanilla agroforests were either forest-derived or fallow-derived. Besides land-use type, we considered the effects of land-use history (unburned/burned), plot-level parameters and the landscape composition to conclude on management recommendations.</p> <p>3. Old-growth forest and forest fragments exhibited highest predation rates, which decreased with land-use intensity. Overall, predation was higher in unburned land-use types than in more open, previously burned habitats and rice paddies. High stem and vegetation densities were positively related to predation rates, but decreased with land-use intensity. High forest cover in the surrounding landscape led to higher predation rates, while local structural parameters remained more important.</p> <p>4. The predator community was arthropod-dominated across all land-use types with ants responsible for between 33 % and 69 % of all predation events. Overall predator composition in old-growth and forest fragments differed from all other land-use types. Predation by Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) was lower in all land-use types, including forest-derived vanilla, than in old-growth forest and forest fragments, where they were important contributors to total predation. Vertebrate predation was low throughout.</p> Synthesis and applications: Forested habitats feature higher predation rates and different predator compositions than other land-use systems. Maintaining or restoring tree- and understory-rich vanilla agroforestry represents a viable tool in landscape conservation programmes as it has the potential to contribute to the conservation of predation as an important ecosystem function in both forest- and fallow-derived agroforests. However, vanilla agroforestry has limited value in conserving forest-specialised predator communities. While the establishment of tree-rich agroforests on former fallow land is favourable for conservation ecosystem functioning, further forest transformation should be <a>avoided</a>.
FIGURE 1 in VANILLA RIVASII (ORCHIDACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC REGION
FIGURE 1. Vanilla rivasii Molineros, Rob.González, Flanagan & J.T.Otero. A — Habit. B — Portion of the stem with leaves and root. C — InForescence with Fowers and fruits. D — Dissected perianth, with details of the indumenta. E — Column, ventral view, with detail of the ventarl indumentum. Prepared from the holotype by Robert Tulio Gonzalez. Drawing by Nhora Helena Ospina Calderón.
Contrasting clonal and population genetic structure in two endangered Costa Rican Vanilla species of commercial interest
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FIGURE 2. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial view. C in Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution
FIGURE 2. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A. Habit. B. Leaf, abaxial view. C. Detail of the apex of the leaf. D-F. Detail of inflorescence. H. Detail of trichomes of the lip, showing de papillate surface. Photos by M.E. Engels from M.E. Engels 7771.
FIGURE 1. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A. Habit. B in Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution
FIGURE 1. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A. Habit. B. Flower in frontal view. C. Perianth flattened. D. Detail of penicillate callus of the lip. E. Detail of ribs and trichomes of the lip periphery. F. Detail of trichomes of the lip. G. Detail of trichomes of the lip indicating papillate surface. H. Pedicel and ovary. I. Column in lateral view. J. Detail of trichomes of the ventral surface of the column. K–M. Ventral view of anther and rostellum. K. In natural position. L. With anther in a superior position. M. With anther and rostellum in superior view, showing the stigma. Drawn by M.E. Engels from M.E. Engels 7771.
FIGURE 3. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A in Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae): notes on taxonomy and geographical distribution
FIGURE 3. Vanilla ribeiroi Hoehne—A. Holotype at R. B. Epitype at Herbarium MBM. C. Original illustration of V. ribeiroi (Hoehne 1910). D. Illustration of V. ribeiroi in Flora Brasílica (Hoehne 1945).
Mammal-mediated seed dispersal in Vanilla: its rewards and clues to the evolution of fleshy fruits in orchids
<p>Data on frequency of visits by Vanilla bahiana dispersers and data on acid scarification of seeds.</p>
FIGURE 2. Vanilla cardinalis. A. Flowering plant. B in Vanilla cardinalis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new red-lipped species from southern Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Vanilla cardinalis. A. Flowering plant. B. Apical portion of inflorescence with flower, side view. C. Flower, half side view. D. Flattened sepals, petals, lip and column. E. Flattened lip, adaxial, abaxial and side view. F. Central callus, side view. G. Column, front, half side, and side views. H. Anther cap and pollinarium. I. Pollinarium. Drawn by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak from Popov, s.n., Kuznetsova, Kuznetsov, s.n., and Nuraliev, Lyskov, NUR 3151.
FIGURE 1. Vanilla cardinalis. A in Vanilla cardinalis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new red-lipped species from southern Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Vanilla cardinalis. A. Sterile portion of stem. B. Leaf, adaxial surface. C. Rachis of inflorescence. D. Inflorescence and immature fruits. E. Flower, half side view. F. Flower buds, views from different sides. G. Flattened sepals, petals and column. H. Petals, adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) surface. I. Flattened lip, adaxial surface. J. Sagittal section of lip and column. K. Flattened lip, side view. L. Central part of lip (adaxial surface) with central callus, side view. M. Column, views from different sides. N. Anther cap and pollinia. Compiled from Popov, s.n. (F–N), Kuznetsova, Kuznetsov, s.n. (D, E), and Nuraliev, Lyskov, NUR 3151 (A–C); correction and plate design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.
Aligned DNA sequences of Vanilla
<p><strong><span>Premise</span></strong></p> <p><span>Although vanilla is one of the best-known spices, there is a limited understanding of its biology and genetics within Mexico, where its cultivation originated and where phenotypic variability is high. This study aims to augment our understanding of vanilla's genetic resources by assessing species delimitation and genetic, geographic, and climatic variability within Mexican cultivated vanilla. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong></p> <p><span>Nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data from 58 Mexican samples collected from three regions and 133 <em>ex-situ</em> accessions were used to assess species monophyly using phylogenetic analyses and genetic distances. Intra-specific genetic variation was summarized through the identification of haplotypes. Within the primarily cultivated species, <em>V. planifolia</em>, haplotype relationships were further verified using plastome and rRNA gene sequences. Climatic niche and haplotype composition were assessed across the landscape.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Key Results</span></strong></p> <p><span>Three species (<em>Vanilla planifolia</em>, <em>V. pompona</em>, and <em>V. insignis</em>) and 13 haplotypes were identified among Mexican vanilla. Within <em>V. planifolia</em> haplotypes, hard phylogenetic incongruences between plastid and nuclear sequences suggest past hybridization events. Eight haplotypes exclusively consisted of Mexican samples. The dominant <em>V. planifolia</em> haplotype occurred throughout all three regions as well as outside of its country of origin. Haplotype richness was found to be highest in regions around Papantla and La Chinantla.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong></p> <p><span>Long histories of regional cultivation support the consideration of endemic haplotypes as landraces shaped by adaptation to local conditions and/or hybridization. Results may aid further genomic investigations of vanilla's genetic resources and ultimately support the preservation of genetic diversity within the economically important crop.</span></p>
FIGURE 3 in Vanilla andina (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae), a new species of the membranaceousleaved group from Peru and Ecuador
FIGURE 3. Line drawing of Vanilla andina based on the Ecuadorian specimen. A. Habit, B. Flower, C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip and column, lateral view. E. Column, ventral and lateral view. Drawing by Leisberth Velez-Abarca.
FIGURE 1 in Vanilla andina (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae), a new species of the membranaceousleaved group from Peru and Ecuador
FIGURE 1. Lankester Composite Dissection Plate (LCDP) of Vanilla andina. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip and column (left) and in longitudinal section (right). E. Column, ventral (left), lateral (center) and dorsal (right) view. F. Anther cap in dorsal. (above left), ventral (above right), lateral (below, left) view, with pollinarium (below right). Photographs by Henry X. Garzón based on M. Jiménez & H. Garzón 1274.
FIGURE 2 in Vanilla andina (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae), a new species of the membranaceousleaved group from Peru and Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Line drawing of Vanilla andina based on the Peruvian holotype. A. Habit, B. Inflorescence, C. Flower in lateral view, D. Dissected perianth. E. Lip and column, lateral view. F. Column, ventral (right) and lateral view (left). G. Anther cap in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Drawing by N. Mitidieri.
FIGURE 4 in Vanilla andina (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae), a new species of the membranaceousleaved group from Peru and Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Lip distended comparison of A. Vanilla oroana, B. V. armoriquensis, C. V. andina, D. V. costaricensis. Photographs by (A) F. Tobar, (B) A. Damian, (C) H. Garzón, (D) A. Karremans. Scale bar: 2 cm
FIGURE. Orchidaceae from Honduras. A. Stelis poasensis. B. S. megachlamys. C. S. ornata. D. S. platystylis. E. S. quadrifida. F. S. segoviensis. G. Stenotyla lendyana. H. Trichosalpinx blaisdellii. I. Trigonidium egertonianum. J. Triphora debilis. K. T. nitida. L. Vanilla columbiana. M. V. hartii. N. V. insignis. O. V. pompona. P in An Updated Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Honduras
FIGURE. Orchidaceae from Honduras. A. Stelis poasensis. B. S. megachlamys. C. S. ornata. D. S. platystylis. E. S. quadrifida. F. S. segoviensis. G. Stenotyla lendyana. H. Trichosalpinx blaisdellii. I. Trigonidium egertonianum. J. Triphora debilis. K. T. nitida. L. Vanilla columbiana. M. V. hartii. N. V. insignis. O. V. pompona. P. Xylobium elongatum. Photographs by the authors, except J (D. Germer) and K (J. Hernández).
FIGURE 1. Vanilla arcuata Pansarin & M.R. Miranda. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence with two flowers. C in A new species of Vanilla (Orchidaceae: Vanilloideae) from Brazil
FIGURE 1. Vanilla arcuata Pansarin & M.R. Miranda. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence with two flowers. C. Flower in lateral view. D. Inflorescence showing a flower in front view. E. Flower in lateral view (petal and sepals removed) showing the strongly arched column (arrow). F. Sepals and petals. G. Labellum. H. Column in lateral view. Note one of both horns on the versatile anther (arrow) and the evident rostellar flap (arrowhead). Scale bars: A = 2 cm; B–F = 1 cm; G = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. Vanilla capixaba Fraga & D.R. Couto. A. Habit. B in Two new species of Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Vanilla capixaba Fraga & D.R. Couto. A. Habit. B. Detail of the apex and adaxial surface of the leaf. C. Flower, front view. D. Dissected flower E. Detail of the apex and adaxial surface of the petal. F. Detail of the apex and abaxial surface of the lip. G. Lower view of column. H. Detail of apex of column with versatile anther, lower view. (Couto 1270).
FIGURE 4. Vanilla paulista Fraga & Pansarin. A. Habit. B. Flower, front view. C. Dissected flower D in Two new species of Vanilla (Orchidaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 4. Vanilla paulista Fraga & Pansarin. A. Habit. B. Flower, front view. C. Dissected flower D. Detail of the apex and abaxial surface of the lip. E. Lateral view of the lip and column. F. Lateral view of the column. (Pansarin 727).
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